0.05).CONCLUSION:Domestic octreotide acetate have same effect to imported octreotide acetate in the treatment of Esophageal and gastric Varices Bleeding which is caused by portal hypertension in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.Stopping bleeding rate of the achieved the similar level with.

Tropane alkaloids,such as hyoscyamine (or its more stable racemate atropine) and scopolamine,are remembered as the oldest drugs in medicine with wide pharmaceutical applications clinically for their mydriatic,antispasmodic,anticholinergic,analgesic and sedative properties.Presently,the supply of tropane alkaloids are entirely rested on their isolation from plant materials,yet the low contents of tropane alkaloids in plants raise the requirement to breed new varieties of high-yield tropane alkaloids and improving the production of tropane alkaloids in hairy root cultures or plants by biotechnology has be a research focus in the field of secondary metabolism.For the past decade,there have been important progresses on biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids and their molecular biology,some new pathway genes have been identified and many achievements have also been acquired in metabolic engineering of tropane alkaloids.This review summarized the recent advances in above aspects,and the problems and orientations of future research are also discussed and proposed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the selection of dilivery of pregnant women and related factors.MethodsThe selection of delivery modes for pregnant women was investigated by analyzing the associated factors of the infants registered into a computerized health care managing system from January 1,2008 to December 31,2010 at a local community of Shanghai.The information associated with delivery modes of their mothers was collected and the choice of delivery modes investigated through a standardized questionnaire by interviewing the mothers at two months after birth.ResultsThe cesarean section (C/S)rate of pregnant women residing in this local area was 58.3 ％ (224/384).In the C/S group,the percentages of delivery age ≥24 yr,white-collar workers,education level at high school and above and monthly income ≥ 3000 yuan were 73.2％ ( 164/224 ),38.4％ ( 86/224 ),79.5％ ( 178/224 ) and 80.8％ ( 181/224 )respectively.And they were all higher than those of vaginal delivery (63.1％,n =101; 32.5％,n =52;69.4％,n =111; 70.6％,n =113 ).The choices of C/S depended on the existences of maternal,fetal,social-psychological and others factors during pregnancy.Most pregnant women and families who chose C/S without medical indications were afraid of pain ( 33.9％ ) or a failure of vaginal delivery ( 30.5％ ).ConclusionsThe social-psychological factors of pregnant women are important in the choices of delivery modes.Unnecessary C/S could be reduced by improving their knowledge of delivery with meticulous prenatal health care consultations.

Objectives To observe the effect of inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)?1 on the growth and aggression of colon cancer cells by RNA interference. Methods HCT116 colon cancer cells were transfected with small interfering dsRNA (siRNA), the effect of the inhibition of TGF?1 was tested by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and changes in cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cylometry, the ability of aggression was detected by soft agar colony assay. Results The inhibition of the expression of TGF?1 was significantly detected after the transfection of siRNA against TGF?1, which induced the increase of S phase by 59.0%-82. 5% and decrease in G2 phase, colony assay further demonstrated that siRNA against TGF?1 led to a significant reduction in colony formation as compared with the control group. Conclusions The present data suggested that the expression of TGF?1 was conveniently and rapidly blocked by siRNA transfection, and this may lead to the cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the growth and tumorigenesis of colon cells.

Objective To discuss the advantages of balloon combined with stent-assisted steel-coil embolization in treating intracranial wide-necked aneurysms located at artery bifurcation sites. Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with intracranial wide-necked aneurysms located at artery bifurcation sites (25 aneurysms in total), who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University during the period from January 2014 to May 2014 to receive balloon combined with stent-assisted steel-coil embolization treatment, were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 20 patients, 16 had a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage and 4 had no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage. A total of 25 intracranial aneurysms located at artery bifurcation were detected; the locations included basilar terminal bifurcation (n=14), middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation (n=8) and internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation (n=3). Three dimensional DSA was performed immediately and three months after the treatment , and the manifestations were evaluated according to Raymond classification. The clinical efficacy at three months after the treatment was assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Results Three dimensional DSA performed immediately after the balloon combined with stent-assisted steel-coil embolization treatment showed that among the 25 intracranial wide-necked aneurysms located at artery bifurcation 21 belonged to Raymond gradeⅠ, 2 belonged to Raymond grade Ⅱand 2 belonged to Raymond grade Ⅲ. Follow-up DSA performed three months after the treatment revealed that 20 aneurysms were Raymond grade Ⅰ, 3 aneurysms were Raymond gradeⅡand 2 aneurysms were Raymond grade Ⅲ. Three months after the treatment the mRS score was 0 point in 17 patients and one point in one patient, and the prognosis of these patients was good; the mRS score was 4-6 points in 2 patients, and the prognosis of the two patients was poor. Conclusion For the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms located at artery bifurcation sites, balloon combined with stent-assisted steel-coil embolization has obvious advantages.

Objective To investigate the effects of selenium-and zinc-enriched probiotics on the content of selenium and zinc in blood,antioxidation function and intestinal microflora in canine.Method Eight 18-month native canines,female and male in half,were randomly divided into the control and treatment groups on average.The control group received basal diet,the treatment group received basal diet supplemented with 2.0g selenium-and zinc-enriched probiotics everyday.To determine the experimental indices,the samples were collected on D0,D15 and D30,respectively.Results Compared with the control group,on D15,the content of selenium and zinc in blood,blood GPX,serum SOD,T-AOC and the amount of Lactobacillus in the experimental group were significantly increased,while the amount of Escherichia coli significantly decreased,but the serum MDA and the amount of Bifidobacterium,Staphylococcus and Enterococcus had no significant change.On D30,the content of selenium in blood,serum SOD,T-AOC and the amount of Lactobacillus were very significantly increased,while the content of zinc in blood,blood GPX and the amount of Bifidobacterium significantly increased;but serum MDA and the amount of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus and Enterococcus very significantly decreased.Conclusion Selenium-and zinc-enriched probiotics could increase content of selenium and zinc in blood,enhance antioxidation function,improve and regulate the intestinal microflora.

Objective To compare the image quality between large dose smart tracking technique and low dose test bolus technique for gem spectral CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA).Methods A total of 106 cases with suspected pulmonary embolism were divided into two groups.Group A(54 cases)was carried out with large dose smart tracking technique.Group B(52 cases)was carried out with low dose test bolus technique.We compared the image quality between the two groups.Results There were significant differences in the CT value of the right pulmonary artery and the content of iodine in the lower lobe of the right pulmonary artery of two groups(P<0.01).There was significant difference of image quality between the two groups(P<0.05).The rate of excellent or good image quality in group A was higher than that in group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Large dose smart tracking technique can track the artifacts of pulmonary artery imaging with less artifacts and uniform vascular fixation.The image quality of pulmonary artery imaging is better than that of small dose contrast agent.

Objective Application of PDCA method to improve the coincidence rate of emergency inspection report time.Methods 472 cases of emergency inspection report returns the fraction defective of the time from September to December 2014 (blood routine,blood biochemistry,blood coagulation,cerebrospinal fluid,urine analysis).Analyzing the reason and take measures to improve the emergency inspection report time coincidence rate.At the same time,counted 654 cases of emergency inspection report returns the fraction defective of the time after the improvement from July to November 2015,and compared and analyzed the coincidence rate before and after the improvement measures.Results Emergency inspection report of the total fraction defective return time decreased from 13.9 ％ to 4.9 ％ by taking measures.Blood coagulation,blood biochemistry,urine analysis,routine blood,cerebrospinal fluid and urine analysis of emergency return time unqualified rate decreased from 18.2 ％,16.2 ％,10.3 ％,6.75 ％ and 9.1％ to 5.2 ％,5.0 ％,6.4％,5.0 ％ and 3.9 ％ respectively.Conclusion The application of PDCA could improve the time coincidence rate of emergency department,and to finish the emergency detection and report detection results in the shortest possible time.

Objective To discuss the MRI characteristics of pituitary abscess,so that to improve the diagnosis of it.Methods MR imaging data in 8 cases with pituitary abscess proved by operation and pathology,and antibiosis therapy were retrospectively analyzed in combination with review of literatures.Of 8 cases,3 were male and 5 were female,the mean age was 53.3 years(ranged 36~62 years).Results MRI findings included hypophysis enlargement,isointensity in 6 cases and slight hyperintensity in 2 cases on T1WI;isointensity in 4,hyperintensity in 2 and mixed iso-and hyperintensity in 2 on T2WI;hyperintensity in one on DWI.On contrast-enhanced scan,all pituitary masses showed ring enchancement,6 cases showed thickened walls which were slightly lamellar;7 cases demonstrated pituitary stalk thickening and enchancement.Conclusion Pituitary abscesses are of certain typical MRI characteristics.

Objective:To observe the effect of CD40 siRNA on expression of IFN-γ,IL-17,IL-4 and anti-dsDNA antibody of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)animal model MRL/Lpr mice and to discuss its therapy on MRL/Lpr mice.Methods:In the study,16 female MRL/Lpr mice were randomly divided into control group (n =4),empty vector group (n =4),CD40-siRNA1 group (n =4)and CD40-siR-NA2 group (n =4).The vectors expressing siRNA against CD40 were injected by tail veil into MRL/Lpr mice,while MRL/Lpr mice in control group and empty vector group were injected with the same dose of PBS and pGFP-V-RS vector respectively.The injection was given six times and every one day.The mice were sacrificed 14 d after injection,and the spleen tissue was weighed.The pGFP-V-RS was labeled by green fluorescent protein(GFP)and the tissue sections were observed whether siRNA expressed in the spleen.The expression levels of IFN-γ,IL-17,IL-4 and anti-dsDNA antibody in the sera were detected by ELISA method on the 1st day before the first time and the 2nd,5th,8th,11th,and 14th days after last injection,and the expression levels of CD40 mRNA in spleen tissue of MRL/Lpr mice were detected by RT-PCR and the expression levels of CD40 protein in spleen tissue of MRL/Lpr mice were detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results:The expression vector of CD40-siRNA could express in the spleen of MRL/Lpr.The spleens in CD40-siRNA1 group [(78.85 ±5.61 )mg]and CD40-siRNA2 group [(80.25 ±4.07)mg]were lower than those in control [(141.88 ±7.81)mg]and empty vector group [(153.10 ±7.60)mg].The levels of IL-17,IFN-γand anti-dsDNA antibody were lower and the levels of IL-4 was higher in CD40-siRNA1 group and CD40-siRNA2 group on the 2nd,5th and 8th days after last injection than on the 1st day before the first time (P <0.05).The levels of IFN-γin CD40-siRNA1 group were (118.74 ±10.32)ng/L,(115.24 ±8.26)ng/L and (113.71 ±5.02)ng/L in turn,the levels of IFN-γin CD40-siRNA2 group were (117.83 ±6.83)ng/L,(114.07 ±0.97)ng/L and (112.67 ±9.66)ng/L in turn.The levels of IL-17 in CD40-siRNA1 group were (7.05 ±0.41 ) ng/L,(6.34 ±0.76)ng/L and (5.83 ±0.43)ng/L in turn,the levels of IL-17 in CD40-siRNA2 group were (7.07 ±0.22)ng/L,(6.35 ±0.49)ng/L and (6.12 ±0.80)ng/L in turn.The levels of anti-dsDNA antibody in CD40-siRNA1 group were (7.51 ±0.29 )ng/L,(6.74 ±0.45 )ng/L and (6.32 ±0.39)ng/L in turn,the levels of anti-dsDNA antibody in CD40-siRNA2 group were (8.19 ± 0.38)ng/L,(7.14 ±0.50)ng/L and (6.48 ±0.29)ng/L in turn.The levels of IL-4 in CD40-siRNA1 group were (26.51 ±1.81)ng/L (27.80 ±1.72)ng/L and (28.08 ±2.21)ng/L in turn,the level of IL-4 in CD40-siRNA2 group were (26.28 ±2.03)ng/L,(28.15 ±2.95)ng/L and (28.37 ± 1.71)ng/L in turn.The expression levels of IL-17 and IFN-γantibody increased gradually and the levels of IL-4 decreased gradually in CD40-siRNA1 group and CD40-siRNA2 group on the 11th and 14th days after last injection,then reached to the levels of control group and empty vector group (P >0.05). Though the levels of anti-dsDNA antibody in CD40-siRNA1 group and CD40-siRNA2 group on the 11th day was higher than on the 8th day,there was more significance than those in control group and empty vector group (P <0.05).There was no significance between the 4 groups on the 14th day.The levels of CD40 mRNA and protein were lower in CD40-siRNA1 group and CD40-siRNA2 group than in control group and empty vector group on the 14th day after last injection (P <0.05).Conclusion:CD-40 si-RNA can reduce the concentration of IL-17,IFN-γand of anti-dsDNA antibody in serum,and at the same time,it can elevate the concentration of IL-4 and suppress CD40 mRNA and protein of spleen in MRL/Lpr.Meanwhile after suppressing CD40 mRNA and protein,it can reduce inflammatory response of the mice and the disease activity of MRL/Lpr,suggesting that CD-40 siRNA has therapy effect on SLE.