Aim To identify the GABA transporter subtypes and to find its new associated member at the blood brain barrier.Methods Labeled by in vitro infusion of magnetic beads through carotid arteries,the brain microvessels without intact neural cells were sorted in magnetic fields,and identified by RT PCR.The homologous primer of GAT superfamily and the tRNA from isolated brain microvessels were used in the RT PCR to amplify target DNA.The PCR products were isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) and cloned, sequenced rospectively.The sequences were screened in dbEST of Genbank by Blast.Results Seven DNA bands were isolated from RT PCR products of isolated brain microvessels by PAGE. B3,B5 complete sequences were highly homologous with rat partial GAT 2 and BGT 1 respectively,B7 complete sequence was highly homologous with rat partial TAUT. The other 4 EST of B1(Accession No:CF358965), B2(CD568346), B4(CF358966) and B6(CD568347) were submitted to dbEST,they were homologous with some sequences in Genbank,but were not homologous with GAT members.Conclusion GAT 2 and BGT 1 of GAT and TAUT were localized at the blood brain barrier which might be responsible for the GABA transport across the blood brain barrier.The genes and their functions of 4 EST associated with GAT need to be clarified.

Usually, the frequency of heartbeat can be used to discriminate different kinds of arrhythmia from a normal cardiac rhythm, but the result is not satisfying. This paper presents a method that can differ ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) from a normal sinus rhythm (NSR). VT and VF are fatal arrhythmia for patients, but timely electroshock is a good remedy for them. The method above can be integrated into the monitor system or telemedicine to diagnose patients and then treat them properly. With auto regressive (AR) model applied to modeling, Itakura and Euclidian distance measurements are used to classify data. With this method, VF and VT conditions are detected with error less than 10%.

Objective To explore the early diagnosis and standard treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Methods The process of clinical diagnosis and treatment in 2 children with AIH was retrospectively analyzed.The related literatures were reviewed.Results Two males were 6 years and 1 month old and 6 monthes and 18 days old,respectively.Both of them had the symptom of jaundice at onset,accompanied with the elevate aminotransferase and positive autoantibodies.One case showed elevated serum IgG and interface hepatitis in liver pathology,and all other causes were excluded.He had a good response to the treatment of hormone combined with azathioprine.The other case had a poor response to the treatment of single hormone.Conclusions Childhood AIH is rare in clinic.Its response to the therapy of glucocorticoid and immune inhibitors is good.So it should be diagnosised and treated early.

Objective To investigate the effects of unilateral and bilateral electrical stimulation of the upper and lower limbs on motor function following cerebral infarction and the expressions of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and survivin in the infarction border zone of rats. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation, control, impaired limb and bilateral limbs electrical stimulation groups (each group included 32 rats). Acute cerebral infarction was mimicked using a middle cerebral artery occlusion tech-nique. After cerebral infarction for 24 h, the rats were treated daily with or without electrical stimulation. A beam walking test (BWT) was used to measure limbs motor function and immunohistochemistry and HE staining were used to detect the expressions of MAP-2 and survivin in the border zone of infarcted area after electrical stimulation treat-ment for 3, 7, 14 and 21 d. Results Comparet with the control group treatment with electric stimulation led to BWT scores increasing significantly, and bilateral stimulation was more potent in ameliorating motor function thanstimulating the impaired limb only. The expression of MAP-2 was significantly higher in eleetrieal stimulation groups than in control group from the 7th of treatment, and it was higher in bilateral stimulation group than that in unilateral stimulation group from tbe 14th day of treatment. There was no significant difference in MAP-2 expression between bi-lateral stimulation group and sham operation group at the 21st day of treatment. In electrical stimulation groups, at every time point the expressions of survivin were obviously higher than that in sham operation group, and it was higher than that in control group and peaked at the 7tb and 14th day of treatment and in bilateral stimulation group it was no-tably higher than that in unilateral stimulation group. At the 21st d of treatment the level of survivin expression drop-per; however, there was no significant difference between unilateral and bilateral electrical stimulation groups. Con-clusions Treatment with electrical stimulation, particularly in bilateral limbs stimulation, could induce MAP-2 and survivin expressions in the infarction border zone of rats. It also could promote the recovery of motor function in para-lyzed limbs after cerebral infarction of rats. The improvement might involve the up-regulation of MAP-2 and survivin expressions.

Objective To investigate the effects of electric stimulation on motor function and expression of microtubule-associated protein-2(MAP-2) and survivin of brain tissue in the cerebral infarction rats.Methods Cerebral infarction rat models were made using middle cerebral artery occlusion.After cerebral infarction for 24 h,the rats were respectively treated with electric stimulation on paralyzed(unilateral)or bilateral limbs for 3 d,7 d,14 d,21 d.By using beam walking test(BWT) and immunehistochemistry,the motor function and the expression of MAP-2 and survivin of brain tissue in the border of cerebral infarction area were examined at various time following treatment.Results Compared to control group,the electric stimulation groups showed significant increase in BWT scores after treatment 7 d(all P0.05).In the electric stimulation groups,the expression of survivin of brain tissue were obviously higher than those in the sham operation group at various time points(all P0.05).Conclusions Treatment with electric stimulation,in particular bilateral electric stimulation,can promote the recovery of motor function of paralyzed limbs and induce up-regulation of expression of MAP-2 and survivin in the brain tissue of cerebral infarction rats.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economic efficiency of three oral administration schemes in treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy(BPH).METHODS:73patients with BPH were divided into three groups:group A,Pule’an,group B,Alfuxosin hydrochloride,group C,Finasteride.Data was evaluated using the pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis. RESULTS:The effective rates in the group B and group C were higher than that in group A,the effective rate in group B was comparable to that in group C.The cost-effectiveness ratios of A,B,C were1.30,1.80,4.36,respectively.Using sensitivity analysis,the cost-effectiveness ratios were1.17,1.62,3.92,respectively.CONCLUSION:Among the three schemes,scheme B was the best one.

Objective To study the changes and correlations of the blood lipids, glucose and blood coagulation factors in the animal models and patients with lipodystrophia. Methods The models of hyperlipoidemia were set up in 30 rabbits, and 40 cases of the hyperlipoidemia and 40 cases of the healthy subjects randomly were enrolled in this study. Their blood lipids, glucose and coagulation factors were detected. Results The serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and Glu in the rabbit models and patients with hyperlipoidemia notably increased compared with controls(P0 05). HDL-C level increased in the rabbit models(P0 05). Conclusions The change of the blood lipids level in the rabbit models was different from that of the patients with hyperlipoidemia. But both may company the abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism, and hyperlipoidemia may affect the endogenous blood coagulation system to cause the blood to present the high coagulation.

No abstract available.
Comorbidity* ; Depression* ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome* ; Neuronal Plasticity*

Objective The three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) method was applied to study thiazole derivatives as potent inhibitors ofdihydroorotate dehydrogenase,which provided useful guidance for more discovery of potent inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.Methods Molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were applied to systematicly investigate 3D-QSAR of 38 hiazole derivatives as potent inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.Established models of CoMFA and CoMSIA and the predictive ability of models were validated.Three dimensional map was applied to analyzing the relationship between structure and activity of thiazole derivatives.Results The coefficients of cross validation q2 and non-cross validation r2 for CoMFA model were 0.796 and 0.978,and for CoMSIA model were 0.721 and 0.976 respectively.The prediction of activity of compound was close to the actual value of the two models.Effect of compound structure on its activity could be analyzed comprehensively and intuitively by three dimensional map.Conclusion The model reveals the relationship between the structure characteristics and the inhibitory activity,and has good predictive capability and stability to lay a good foundation for further development and research.

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and analyze its associated factors. Methods The convenience sample method was used to choose 424 MHD patients from 7 hospitals.A set of questionnaires were used in this investigation,including demographic data form,Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI),restless legs syndrome (RLS),social support rate scale (SSRS),subjective global assessment (SGA),family APGAR index (APGAR) and family burden scale of disease (FBS). Results PSQI score of 395 MHD patients (93.2％) was ≥5.APGAR and social support total points were negatively correlated with sleep quality (r=-0.133,P=0.006; r=-0.105,P=0.031).Family burden total point was positively correlated with sleep quality (r=0.215,P=0.000).Nutrition (F=46.123,P=0.000),restless legs syndrome (F=9.392,P=0.000) and sleep apnea syndrome (F=5.645,P=0.001) were closely associated with sleep index scores. Conclusions Incidence of poor sleep quality in MHD patients of our study is quite high.Sleep quality of MHD patients is correlated with lots of factors,such as family concern,social support.