Objective To observe the clinical manifestations,therapeutic efficacy and results of bacterial culture of seven patients of scleral buckle (SB) infection after scleral bulking surgery.Methods Seven patients (seven eyes) underwent SB removal for SB infections were enrolled in this study.The patients included four males (four eyes) and three females (three eyes).The patients aged from 12 to 69 years,with a mean age of 42.7 years.There were four right eyes and three left eyes.The duration (interval between primary surgery and SB removal) ranged from two weeks to ten years,with a mean of 47.5months.Six patients were concurrent with systemic disease.All the patients were examined for visual acuity,slit lamp microscope and indirect ophthalmoscope examination.Some patients also received external eye examination and fundus photography.Whether SB exposure or not and the clinical manifestations were observed.SB removal was performed in all the patients and the SB were sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture.The follow-up time ranged from two weeks to eight months,with a mean of 3.2 months.Whether infections recurrence and retinal detachment or not were observed.Results SB exposure was in three eyes.Obvious ocular pain and swelling,conjunctival hyperemia and visible yellow-white discharge in the conjunctival sac were presented in two eyes; irritation and discharge were in one eye.No SB exposure was in four eyes.Ocular pain and swelling,conjunctival hyperemia and visible yellow-white discharge in the conjunctival sac were presented in two eyes.Repeated subconjunctival hemorrhage and diplopia were presented in one eye.Visual acuity decline,conjunctival sac discharge and total retinal detachment were in one eye.All patients had no intraocular inflammation.The infection was controlled after SB removal and the retina was attached during the follow up.The bacterial culture were all positive,which included Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylcoccus epidermidis and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae,Gram positive corynebacterium,Aspergillus flavus,Kocuria roseus,Streptococcus oralis,Maxwell Corynebacterium.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of SB infection and the pathogenic microorganisms are variable.SB removal can control the infection.

Purpose To investigate the expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) and to evaluate its clinical significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Methods RT-PCR was performed to analyze SFRP4 mRNA expression level in 30 paired PDAC lesion and matched adjacent non-tuimor tissue.Immunohistochemistry staining detection of 205 matched cases tissue microarray was conducted to explore SFRP4 protein expression pattern.The correlation between SFRP4 and clinical characteristics was also analyzed,including overall survival.Results SFRP4 expression pattern both at mRNA and protein level in PDAC lesion was higher than that in matched adjacent non-tumor tissue.At mRNA level,to found that expression of SFRP4 was elevated in 90％ (27/30) of PDAC tissues (P =0.007 2).To found that high expression of SFRP4 was detected in 56.5％ (116/205) of PDAC tissue,while only 28.8％ (59/205) in the adjacent non-tumor tissue.Moreover,no significant association was observed between SFRP4 expression and clinical characteristics.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed high level of SFRP4 expression was correlated with poor overall survival (x2 =3.467,P =0.024).Conclusion SFRP4 can be a novel prognostic biomarker in PDAC.

The infection of HBV may cause acute and chronic hepatitis B,and potentially lead to hepatocirrhosis and liver cancer.As a defense mechanism of organism to resist external infection,RNA interference(RNAi) has become a powerful tool for us to study its effects on antiviral infection and gene therapy in recent years.In this article we summarize the mechanisms of RNA interference and the progress on anti-HBV infection studies by RNAi.

Objective To investigate the effect of telephone call follow-up on compliance with opening-mouth exercises among nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)patients with radiotherapy-induced difficulty in opening mouth.Methods Sixty four nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy were randomized into control group(n=31)and observation group(n=31).The former group was given health education and instructions for functional exercises of opening mouth at discharge and regular return visits after discharge,and the observation group received regular telephone call follow-ups by an appointed nurse besides the same treatment as in the control group.The two groups were compared in regard to the compliance with the exercises of opening mouth and the incidences of difficulties in opening mouth at the first and second years after discharge. Results The compliance of the observation group was significantly higher that in the control group(P<0.01).The incidences of difficulties in opening mouth in the observation group were significantly smaller than that in those of the control at the first and second years after discharge(P<0.01). Conclusion Telephone call follow-ups are effective in the improvement of compliance of functional exercises in NPC patients with radiotherapy-induced difficulty in opening mouth,the reduction of the incidence of mouth-opening problems and the improvement of their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of subarachnoid block anesthesia in endoulogy minimally invasive surgery of el-derly patients. METHODS:198 elderly patients underwent endoulogy minimally invasive surgery were randomly divided into obser-vation group (100 cases) and control group (98 cases). Observation group received subarachnoid block anesthesia,and control group received epidural anesthesia. The anesthesia onset time,anesthesia dose,surgery time,complete block time,satisfaction de-gree of anesthesia effect,the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Anesthesia onset time and complete block time of observation group were (1.5 ± 0.6) min and (7.9 ± 3.9)min,which were significantly shorter than those of control group (4.5 ± 1.2) and (17.5 ± 4.3) min,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The anesthesia dose of observation group was (20.2 ± 4.8)mg,which was significantly lower than that of control group [(103.4 ± 20.1)mg],with statistical significance (P<0.05);the satisfaction degree of anesthesia effect was 95.0% in observation group,which was significantly higher than that of con-trol group(69.4%),with statistical significance(P<0.05);there was no statistical significance in surgery time and the incidence of ADR between observation group and control group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Subarachnoid block anesthesia consumes small dose,acts rapidly and shows significant anesthesia effect,it is used for endoulogy minimally invasive surgery of elderly patients.

Objective To study CT features of liver abscesses caused by the fasciola hepatica infection , and discuss its pathologic basis.Methods CT images of 15 Patients were collected. All patients underwent both unenhanced and biphasic enhanced CT scanning, then its CT performances were analyzed. Results round and nodular lesions were observed in 15 cases, branching and stripping lesions like dilated bile duct in 9 cases. The density of lesions was inhomogeneous, and the lesions were multifocal and multiform. The liver abscesses caused by the fasciola hepatica infection had no “rim sign” or “target” sign, Liver abscesses were less than 3.0 cm in diameter, and the dilation of the bile duct were not observed. Conclusion Liver absessed caused by the fasciola hepatica infection have characteristic CT features. Combined with clinical examination and laboratory test, the reliability of diagnosis will be considerably increased.

Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the only electron donor for all microsome Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases which are phase I metabolizing enzymes responsible for the metabolism of more than 80% drugs used in clinic.Also,POR metabolizes some anti-tumor prodrugs directly.Therefore,the alteration in POR activity caused by the polymorphisms of POR gene will be of great clinical significance.This review summarizes the newest advancement on the effects of POR polymorphisms on drug metabolism.

Objective:To analyze the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ZFPM2-AS1 in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, and to observe the effect of down-regulating ZFPM2-AS1 on the migration and proliferation of bladder cancer cells and explore its molecular mechanism.Methods:Real-time quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of ZFPM2-AS1 in 51 pairs of bladder cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, bladder cancer cell lines (J82, 5637, BIU-87, T24) and human normal bladder epithelial cells SV-HUC-1. The bladder cancer cells with the highest ZFPM2-AS1 expression were selected and transfected with the small interfering siRNA-ZFPM2-AS1 plasmid and the negative control plasmid, respectively, and defined as the experimental group and the control group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ZFPM2-AS1 in two groups of cells. Transwell migration test and tetramethylazozole blue (MTT) method were used to detect the cell migration ability and proliferation ability of the two groups. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Up-frameshift mutant 1 (UPF1) mRNA in two groups of cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of UPF1 and mTOR signaling pathway proteins in the two groups of cells.Results:The expression of ZFPM2-AS1 in bladder cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues ( P<0.01). The expression of ZFPM2-AS1 in bladder cancer cell lines was significantly higher than that in human normal bladder epithelial cells ( P<0.01), and ZFPM2-AS1 had the highest expression in BIU-87 cells ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of ZFPM2-AS1 in BIU-87 cells in the experimental group was significantly reduced [(1.01±0.06) vs (0.16±0.04), t=12.28, P<0.01]. Compared with the control group, the migration ability of BIU-87 cells in the experimental group was decreased ( P<0.05), and the proliferation ability of BIU-87 cells was significantly decreased from the second day ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, UPF1 mRNA expression in BIU-87 cells in the experimental group was significantly decreased [(1.00±0.02) vs (0.28±0.04), t=15.49, P<0.01]. Western blot results showed that UPF1 protein expression and mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR), GRB2, IRS1 and p-PI3K signal pathway protein expression were decreased in BIU-87 cells. Conclusions:ZFPM2-AS1 is highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Down-regulating ZFPM2-AS1 can inhibit the migration and proliferation of BIU-87 cells. The molecular mechanism may be related to the inhibition of UPF1 gene expression.

Objective: To express the protein of HPV18E6 based on pET-32a(+) at high level and study the expression and significance of HPV18E6 proteins in laryngeal carcinoma. Methods: The HPV18E6 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pET-32a(+). The amplified fragment was inserted into the plasmid pET32a (+) that was digested with BamHⅠand Hind Ⅲ. The recombinant plasmid pET32/E6 was transformed into E.coli JM109 which was selected with ampicillin. The recombinant plasmids were successfully introduced into E.coli BL21(DE 3) and were induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to detect the confusion protein. Finally, the optimization of expression conditions, such as temperature, concentration of IPTG, was studied. Results: The recombinant plasmids were identified and confirmed with enzyme digestion and sequencing. The BL21(DE3) transformed recombinant plasmid pET32/E6 had expressed HPV18E6 recombinant protein effectively. The optimum conditions of expression were 37 ℃, 1 mmol/L IPTG. Conclusion:Prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a(+)-HPV18E6 was successfully constructed. The high-level expression of HPV18E6 was achieved in E.coli BL21(DE3).

BACKGROUND:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been shown to possess the potential of repairing injured spinal cord, but their biological characteristics after transplantation in vivo are not well understood.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the migration of OECs after transplantation into the injured spinal cord of adult rats.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Experimental Animal Center of the North Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityMATERIALS: Totally 38 2-month-old male SD rats with body mass of (350 ±20) g were used in this study.METHODS: This experiment was conducted in the Experimental Animal Center, North Campus of Sun Yat-sen University between February 2004and May 2004. Two SD rats were used to extract the OECs, which were stained with Hoechst 33342. Totally 36 SD rats were subsequently randomized into 3 groups, namely rostral transplantation group, caudal transplantation group and control group with 12 rats in each group. The rats in the rostral and caudal transplantation groups subjected to operations to establish thoracic spinal cord injury model and OEC suspension was injected; in the control group, the rats were spared of thoracic spinal cord injury with only OEC suspension injection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution of OECs in the spinal cord was observed under fluorescence microscope 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after operation, respectively.RESULTS: Of the rats in the 3 groups, 1 died in the rostral group, and 2in each of the caudal transplantation and control groups, leaving 29 rats for result analysis. The OECs in the rostral and caudal transplantation groups migrated longitudinally along the long axis of the spinal cord to a farthest distance of 8 mm and penetrating the scar tissues, but very few cells could reach the contralateral side. The OECs in the control group diffused locally without migration.CONCLUSION: OECs mainly migrate along the axons in white matter of the injured spinal cord, and their rostral and caudal migration does not differ in speed or amount. Only a small amout of OECs can across the transected gap of the spinal cord.