AIM:To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous morphine or epidural morphine combined with bupivacaine in postoperative children.METHODS:48 children scheduled for selective inferior belly or lower limb surgery under general anaesthesia or epidural anesthesia for ASA I or II,age from 3 to 10 years old,were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=16 each).Group A was given intravenous morphine for postoperative analgesia,group B was given epidural morphine in combination with bupivacaine,group C was given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs orally or pethidine intramuscularly in need as the control group.When the patients were fully awake in the recovery area,heart rate(HR),blood pressure,peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO2),respiratory rate and pain were recorded at 2,4,8,12,24 and 48 h postoperatively,side-effects were also noted.Pain was assessed using an objective pain score(OPS).RESULTS:There was no significant difference of OPS between group A and B,and the efficacy and duration of analgesia in group A and B were significantly better than those in group C(P

AIM: To study the effects of droperidol on the enhancement of persistent sodium currents induced by in vitro ischemia-like condition in isolated rat CA1 paramidal neurons. METHODS: Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from enzymatically isolated rat CA1 hippocampal paramidal neurons. Ischemia was induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. RESULTS: All of 3, 10 ,and 30 ?mol?L -1 of droperidol significantly inhibited the enhancement of persistent sodium currents induced by ischemia, but the different concentrations did not show significant difference. CONCLUSION: Droperidol in clinical concentration can inhibit the enhancement of persistent sodium current induced by ischemia.

Objective To investigate the effects of low-concentration lidocaine on the persistent sodium currents enhanced by hypoxia in isolated rat CA1 hippocampal neurons. Methods Brains were harvested from 10-14 day old SD rats of both sexes. Hippocampi were immediately isolated and cut into slices (400-500 ?m) which were incubated in artificial cerebral-spinal fluid (ACSF) at 31 ℃ for 1-1.5 h. CA1 regions were isolated and hippocampal neurons were prepared by enzymatical digestion. The experiment was performed in 7 groups ( n = 10 each): hypoxie control group (C) and lidocaine 1, 3, 6, 10, 20, 30 ?mol groups (L1-6). The isolated neurons were transferred to the recording chamber. The persistent sodium currents were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique first under normal condition. The normal perfusion solution was then replaced with hypoxie and glucose free perfusion solution within 20 seconds. The persistent sodium currents were recorded again after being perfused with hypoxie and glucose free solution with and without lidocaine. Results The persistent sodium current was greatly enhanced after 5 min hypoxia as compared to the baseline value before hypoxia. The persistent sodium current in group L1-6 was significantly lower than that in group C after 5 min hypoxia. The inhibitory effect of lidocaine on the persistent sodium current enhanced by hypoxia was dose-dependent. Conclusion Low concentration lidocaine can inhibit the persistent sodium current enhanced by hypoxia.

OBJECTIVETo observe differences of immediate effect of twirling reinforcing-reducing manipulation at head acupoints on muscle force in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

METHODSA total of 126 patients who met the inclusive criteria were randomly divided into a twirling reinforcing group, a mild reinforcing-reducing group and a twirling reducing group, 42 cases in each one. The lines between Baihui (GV 20) and bilateral Taiyang (EX-HN 5) were selected and treated with successive insertion of three needles. The twirling reinforcing method was used in the twirling reinforcing group, and mild reinforcing-reducing method was used in the mild reinforcing- reducing group, and twirling reducing method was used in the twirling reducing group. Each needle was manipulated for 1 min, which was repeated once every 10 min. The needles were retained for 30 min. Muscle force was evaluated immediately after treatment.

RESULTS(1) Muscle force of upper limb: after acupuncture, the muscle force of proximal and remote ends were all improved significantly in three groups (all P < 0.05), which was more obvious in proximal end (all P < 0.05). The improvement of the muscle force of proximal end in the twirling reinforcing group was superior to those in the mild reinforcing-reducing group and twirling reducing group (both P < 0.05); the differences of the muscle force of remote end were not significant among three groups (all P > 0.05). (2) Muscle force of lower limb: after acupuncture, the muscle force of proximal and remote ends was all improved significantly in the three groups (all P < 0.05). The improvement of the muscle force of proximal end was superior to that of remote end in the twirling reinforcing group and mild reinforcing-reducing group (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe twirling reinforcing manipulation at head acupoints is superior to mild reinforcing-reducing and twirling reducing manipulation for muscle force in patients with acute ischemic stroke, which is more significant in proximal end of limbs.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; therapy ; Lower Extremity ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Upper Extremity ; physiopathology

BACKGROUND: Both abnormal permeability of ionic channel and disturbance of ionic balance between inside and outside nerve cell are key factors for ischemic brain injury after ischemia. Depolarization induced by activation of sodium channel is starting link for cerebral ischemic injury.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of droperidol on persistent sodium channel currents of pyramidal cell in hippocampal CA1 area of rats with cerebral ischemia with patch clamp technique so as to analyze whether droperidol can protect cerebral ischemic injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and Department of Anesthesiology of the First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Department of Anesthesiology of the First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from April 2002 to April 2003. Totally 14 SD rats, aging 10-14days, without ablactation, were selected. Two cells in hippocampal CA1area of each rat were collected, totally 28 cells were divided into 4 groups:ischemic control group, 3 μmol/L droperidol group, 10 μmol/L droperidol group and 30 μmol/L droperidol group, with 7 cells in each group.METHODS: Pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 area were separated with digested enzyme method, and ischemic model of neuron was established through hypoxia and no sugar method. Cells were selected with the following conclusion criteria: well adherent wall, triangle or starry shape,bright soma, well refraction, obvious apophysis, steady plasma, and transparent nucleolus. Y-tube system was used for rapid medication. 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L droperidol were given to rats in 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L droperidols respectively, but rats in ischemic control group were not given any medicine. Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to recorded basic value of persistent sodium currents and changes of sodium channel currents during 3-minute and 5-minute ischemia.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Record of normal persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area; ② Record of persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area during cerebral ischemia; ③ Effect of droperidol in various concentrations on persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area during cerebral ischemia.RESULTS: Totally 28 cells in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area of 14 rats were entered the final analysis. ① Record of normal persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area: 0.5 mmol/L CdCl2 calcium channel blocking agent and 20 mmol/L TEA kalium channel blocking agent were used to perform 400 ms square-wave stimulation under -105 mV claw voltage and -30 mV stimulated voltage. Introversion current,slight, late activation and lasting for a long time, was recorded and deter mined as persistent sodium currents by blocking toxin of puffer fish. ② Record of persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area during cerebral ischemia: After 3-minute ischemia, persistent sodium currents in ischemic control group was increased as (1.60±0.21) times as that in normal group, and was (2.87 ±0.45) times after 5-minute ischemia. The difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Effect of droperidol at various concentrations on persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area during cerebral ischemia: Basic values of persistent sodium currents were (77.42±15.17) pA, (87.44±21.56) pA, (84.13±20.06) pA and (80.22±19.30) pA in ischemic control, 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L droperidol groups respectively, and the differences among groups were not significant. After 5-minute ischemia, values of persistent sodium currents were (105.36±17.16) pA, (94.74±18.88) pA and (84.88±13.94) pA in 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L droperidol groups respectively, which were obviously lower than that in the ischemic control group (218.31±29.34) pA.CONCLUSION: Persistent sodium currents increase under -105 mV claw voltage and -30 mV stimulated voltage during cerebral ischemic injury. Droperi dol can protect neuron by inhibiting the increase of persistent sodium current.

Objective To investigate the immediate effect of twirling reinforcing manipulation, twirling reducing manipulation and mild reinforcing-reducing manipulation on motor functions for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Totally 116 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into twirling reinforcing manipulation group (TRFM, n=39), mild reinforcing-reducing manipulation group (TRRM, n=37), and twirling reducing manipulation group (TRDM, n=40) by stratified blocked randomization. Each group was treated in Baihui-Taiyang acupoint area accordingly with twirling reinforcing manipulation, mild reinforcing-reducing manipulation and twirling reducing manipulation once. The operation time for each needle was 1 minute. Interval time between every 2 needles was 10 minutes, and each needle was retained for 30 minutes. Neurological deficit score (NDS) and simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) were evaluated before and immediate time, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after treatment. Results FMA in TRFM was higher than that of TRDM and TRRM at immediate time, 1 h and 2 h after treatment (P<0.05), but there was no difference at 3 h after treatment (P>0.05). DNS in TRFM decreased sharply at immediate time, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h compared with TRDM and TRRM (P<0.05). The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between TRDM and TRRM at all time points (P>0.05). Conclusion TRFM has an advantage over TRDM and TRRM in immediate effect of motor functions for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Experimental course for integrative life science curriculum is designed for medical students ,which integrates basic knowledge and skills of cellular biology,biochemistry,genetics,molec-ular biology,molecular genetics,and immunology disciplines. Tongji University School of Medicine start-ed to implement integration-based new curriculum system since 2010. This article discussed on teaching philosophy,teaching content,teaching methods,teaching team construction and explored the effect and significance of experimental course for integrative life science curriculum.

Objective To explore the relationship between the ET-1 and the oncogenesis, development of human esophageal cancer. Methods RT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the expression of ET-1 and ETAR in the tissues of esophageal cancer and normal esophageal mucous membrane from 76 esophageal cancer patients admitted by our hospital from March to December in 2002. Results There was positive ET-1 mRNA expression in 82.7% (62/75) of the specimens of esophageal cancer and in 60% (45/75) of normal tissue and the ET-1 mRNA expression had a relation with histological grade, lymph node metastasis and clinical staging of esophageal cancer (P

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts on the fine movement of upper extremity with flaccid paralysis in stroke treated with acupuncture and motor imagery.

METHODSSixty-two cases of flaccid paralysis of upper extremity in stroke were randomized into an observation group (30 cases) and a control group (32 cases). In the control group, the conventional western medication and the passive movement of the extremity were applied. Additionally, the penetrating needling technique was used at the head points [penetrating needling from Baihui (GV 20) to Taiyang (EX-HN 5)] and the local affected extremity [penetrating needling from Jianyu (LI 15) to Binao (LI1 14), from Quchi (LI 11) to Shaohai (HT 3), from Waiguan (TE 5) to Neiguan (PC 6), etc]. The needles were retained for 30 min. In the observation group, on the basic treatment as the control group, during the needle retaining, the motor imagery therapy was supplemented. The treatment was given once a day, 5 treatments a week, for 4 weeks totally in the either group. The scores in the action research arm test (ARAT) and the modified Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) were recorded at the moment of enrollment, in 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, in the 6th and 8th weeks, as well as after 90 days separately.

RESULTS(1) ARAT score: since the 2nd week, ARAT scores in the observation group were all improved significantly as compared with those in the control group at the each time points (all P<0. 05). In the observation group, the scores were improved significantly in the pair comparison at the time points (all P<0. 05). In the control group, the score in the 2nd week was not different significantly as compared with that before treatment (P>0. 05), but the scores at the rest time points were improved significantly in the pair comparison (all P<0. 05); (2) FMA score: in the 2nd week and on the 90th day, FMA score in the observation group was higher significantly than those in the control group (both P < 0. 05). In the observation group, the scores were all improved significantly in the pair comparison at the time points (all P<0. 05). In the control group, except that in comparison between the 90th day and the 8th week (P>0. 05), the results were all P<0. 05 at the rest time points.

CONCLUSIONThe early intervention of the combined therapy of acupuncture and motor imagery effectively promotes the recovery of the coordination function and the fine movement of upper extremity, especially the improvements of the fine movement in stroke at flaccid paralysis stage. The efficacy is better than the single acupuncture treatment.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Imagery (Psychotherapy) ; Imagination ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Paraplegia ; etiology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Stroke ; complications ; therapy ; Upper Extremity ; physiopathology