Objective To discuss the etiological factor,diagnosis and treatment of gastroduodenal perforation.Methods The clinical datas of 198 cases in our hospital were submitted to a retrospective study.Results There were 44 cases of gastric ulcer,146 cases of gastric ulcer and 8 cases of gastric cancer,while 192 were cured,6 died.196 cases accepted operation(188 with gastroduodenal neoplasty and 8 with subtotal gastrectomy),while 2 were treated by conservative therapy.Conclusion Peptic ulcer is the principal etiological factor of gastroduodenal perforation,and inject air into gastroinotestinal tract with a gastric tube can increase the diagnostic rate.The neoplasty still remain to be a modus operandi of gastroduodenal perforation.

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the follow-up quality survey and evaluation of medical graduate students in China.It raises that the follow-up quality survey of graduate students in medical schools should be institutionalized,standardized and normalized; the survey and evaluation should be conducted through close cooperation with the relevant departments and training units; comparative studies on graduates of different years should be conducted; and the indicator system and survey content should value the characteristics of times,training units and subjects; Finally,specific technical issues such as when and to whom the evaluation and survey should be conducted,survey arrangements,evaluation methods,the diversity of participants and determination of results are discussed and suggestions are put forward.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of rhein on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. Methods Rat model of diabetic mellitus was established by interperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) . Renal damages and changes of endothelin (ET) in urine and renal tissues were observed at 12 weeks after the induction of diabetic mellitus and after treatment with rhein (70 mg/kg). Results Compared with the normal rats, at 12 weeks after hyperglycemia, diabetic rats had decreased renal weight/body weight(RW/BW), significantly increased mean glomerular plane area (MGPA), mean glomerular volume (MGV), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 24 hour urinary protein excretion (UPE) ( P

Objective: To study the effect of intracellular-free calcium and the expression of Fas and Fas L on the process of pancreatic carcinoma cell apoptosis. Methods: Apoptosis induced by 2 μmol/L arsenic trioxide in pancreatic cancer cell lines SW-1990 was investigated.Concentration of intracellular-free calcium （［Ca2+］i） was determined by Fura-2a fluorescein load technique. Fas and FasL were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Pancreatic cancer cells treated with 2 μmol/L arsenic trioxide presented apoptotic features: intact cell membrane, chromatin condensation, nucleic fragmentation and apoptotic body formation; agarose electrophoresis showed marked ladder; flow cytometery analysis showed a sub-G1 cell peak. In the process of pancreatic carcinoma cell apoptosis Fas and FasL and the ［Ca2+］i were significantly higher than that in the control. Conclusion: The pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide is related to Fas and FasL expression by the cancer cells and the ［Ca2+］i increase in the cancer cells.

Objective: To select the telomerase positive cancer cell lines of gastrointestinal tract and to provide a convinced methodology for future telomerase study. Methods: Fifteen cancer cell lines (carcinoma of stomach 4, of liver 6, of pancreas 2, of colon 3) were cultured and telomerase activity were detected by TRAP-ELISA. The normal hepatic cells were taken as control. Results: Thirteen cell lines were telomerase positive in the 15 lines(86.7%). Conclusion: Most of gastrointestinal tract cancer lines express telomerase, indicating the detection of telomerase activity has clinical potential.

Creativity is the demand of the time.The cultivation of creativity is what we should put first in the education of graduates.The Fourth Military Medical University attempts to consummate the selection,training and evaluating system of supervisors by strictly checking the qualification of supervisors and examining the enrollment qualification,sending supervisors abroad for further education and making them attending academic conferences for academic communication.The university also modularizes English teaching and giving lectures on political theory courses in order to establish a curriculum system which integrates the education of theory,practicing and the cultivation of comprehensive quality.Moreover,by creating funds for graduates' searching and international academic communication of academy,the university tries to complete stipend and scholarship systems to encourage innovation and exploration.By doing these,the cultivation of graduates' innovation ability has been improved.

To explore the clinical effect of alendronate combined with Jintiange capsules in the treatment of postmeno-pausal osteoporosis ( PMOP) . Methods:Ninety-eight cases of PMOP patients were randomly divided into three groups. The combina-tion treatment group (34 cases) was treated with alendronate tablets combined with Jintiange capsules, while the control group A (32 cases) and the control group B (32 cases) was respectively treated with alendronate tablets and Jintiange capsules, and the treatment course was six months. The changes of the clinical symptom score, bone mineral density ( BMD) , serum calcium, serum phosphorus, AKP, hepatorenal function and so on before and after the treatment were recorded. Results:After the six-month treatment, the clinical symptom score of the treatment group was much better than that in the two control groups(P<0. 05). BMD in the three groups was in-creased after the treatment(P<0. 05), and the increase in the treatment group was more notable than that in the two control groups(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Alendronate combined with Jintiange capsules can effectively improve BMD and relieve clinical symptoms in the patients with PMOP, which is worthy of promoted application.

Objective: To study the hypoglycemic action of Herb Tab(HT) on hyperglycemia mice and normal animals as well as the effect on their serum insulin. Methods: The model of hyperglycemia mice was established by injecting Alloxan intravenously; the extractum prepared from HT was introgastrically administrated into testee; blood glucose was detected with enzymologic method and serum insulin was examined by competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA); all datas were processed through statistical analysis of t test. Results: The extractum of HT administrated introgastrically for 14d markedly reduced the blood glucose of alloxan induced hyperglycemia mice ( P

Objective To investigate the expression and activity of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) in the cavernous vascular structural remodeling of diabetic rats.Methods 52 adult male SD rats were randomly assigned to experimental group(DM) and control group(NDM).In DM group,diabetes was induced in rats 4 days after intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin.HbA1c was measured on 2,4,8,and 16 weeks after injection.Penile tissues were harvested.The protein expression of TGFβ1 and eNOS in situ was evaluated by the Envision immunohistochemistry.Results Compared to NDM group,the expression of the HbA1c increased significantly in DM group on the 16th week(P ＜0.01),both the penile erection rate and penile erectile times decreased significantly in DM group on the 16th week (P ＜ 0.01),and the value of eNOS decreased on the 16th week(P ＜0.01).The expression of TGF-β1 went up in DM group compared to NDM group on the 8th week (P ＜ 0.01) and sustained to the 16th week (P ＞ 0.05).In DM group,we found that TGF-β1 protein in cavernous body of penis was positively related with age in weeks(r =0.947,P ＜0.01) ; and eNOS in cavernous body of penis was negatively related with age in weeks (r =-0.945,P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile,the expression of TGF-β was negatively related with the eNOS(r =-0.891,P ＜0.01).Conclusion Our results indicate that TGF-β1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic erectile dysfunction(ED) and TGF-β1 inhibition may be a promising strategy to prevent development of diabetic ED.

Objective: To study the effect of intracellular free calcium and the expression of Fas and Fas L on the process of pancreatic carcinoma cell apoptosis. Methods: Apoptosis induced by 2 ?mol/L arsenic trioxide in pancreatic cancer cell lines SW 1990 was investigated.Concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i) was determined by Fura 2a fluorescein load technique. Fas and FasL were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Pancreatic cancer cells treated with 2 ?mol/L arsenic trioxide presented apoptotic features: intact cell membrane, chromatin condensation, nucleic fragmentation and apoptotic body formation; agarose electrophoresis showed marked ladder; flow cytometery analysis showed a sub G 1 cell peak. In the process of pancreatic carcinoma cell apoptosis Fas and FasL and the [Ca 2+ ]i were significantly higher than that in the control. Conclusion: The pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis induced by arsenic trioxide is related to Fas and FasL expression by the cancer cells and the [Ca 2+ ]i increase in the cancer cells.