Objective To observe the detection methods of cerebral vasospasm after traumatic brain injury and the impact on prognosis.Methods Twenty patients with traumatic brain injury underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound were divided into cerebral vasospasm group and control group.Results There were 7 patients combined with cerebral vasospasm and 13 patients without cerebral vasospasm.Two patients died in cerebral vasospasm group and 1 patient died in control group.The fatality rate between two groups had significant difference (P ＜0.05).All surviving patients followed up for 1 year after being discharged.According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale,in cerebral vasospasm group,3 patients were with severe disability,1 patient was with moderate disability,1 patient restored good function.In control group,2 patients were with severe disability,2 patients were with moderate disability,8 patients restored good function.The rate of restored good function between two groups had significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cerebral vasospasm can increase mortality in traumatic brain injury patients,and the functional evaluation in survival patients are even worse.Prevention of cerebral vasospasm after traumatic brain injury has important clinical significance.

Objective To investigate the death risk factors of severe cerebrovascular disease.Methods The clinical data of 226 patients with severe cerebrovascular disease were analyzed retrospectively.All of the death risk factors were divided into three types.Type Ⅰ was the uncontrollable factors,including age,gender and family genetic history.Type Ⅱ was morbid risk factors,including hypertension,hyperlipemia,diabetes,valvular heart disease,cardiovascular diseases and history of stroke.Type Ⅲ was life style risk factors,including smoking,drinking,obesity,high salt diet,high protein diet and less movement.The risk factors were evaluated with single factor and multiple factors analysis.Results Single factor analysis showed that age,hypertension,diabetes,history of stroke,smoking,drinking,high salt diet and less movement were the high risk factors (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).Multiple factors analysis showed that age (OR =1.242,P =0.001),history of stroke (OR =2.325,P =0.000),less movement (OR =-1.172,P =0.010) were correlated with the death.Conclusions Severe cerebrovascular disease is associated with multiple factors.Early intervention to the risk factors in patients with severe cerebrovascular disease can effectively decrease the risk of death and reduce the mortality.

Objective To explore the correlation of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio,UACR) and blood pressure in young people.Methods Totally 200 cases of hypertensive patients (aged 18 ～50 years old) from January 2012 to March 2014 and 200 healthy volunteers who had medical examination in our hospital were selected with a random sampling method for staff questionnaires,biochemical tests,and physical examinations.Biochemical tests included kidney function,blood glucose,blood lipids,blood uric acid,and UACR.First,400 cases were divided into four groups (1,2,3,and 4 groups) according to UACR quartiles from low to high.Second,400 cases were divided into three groups according to their blood pressure:normal blood pressure,prehypertension,and hypertension.The correlation of UACR and different groups of blood pressure was analyzed.Results For norm blood pressure group,prehypertension,hypertension,the corresponding UACR level (median:25％ ～ 75％ quartile) was 0.8 (0.6 ～ 1.2) mg/mmol,0.9 (0.7 ～ 1.4) mg/mmol,1.0 (0.8 ～ 1.7) mg/mmol;positive UACR rate was 0,2.6％,and 34.7％,three groups UACR levels and positive UACR rate index differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).After age factor was adjusted for 400 cases,both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were positively correlated with UACR levels.After body mass index,age,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were adjusted for 400 cases,compared to group 1,the ratio of prehypertension to hypertension (95％ confidence intervals) in groups 2,3,and 4 was 0.98 (0.80 ～ 1.20),1.29 (1.05 ～ 1.58),and 1.86 1.52 ～2.28).Conclusions Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was positively correlated with prehypertension and hypertension in young people.

ObjectiveTo analyze the dose distribution of oblique incidence electron beam. MethodsIn water phantom,the relative dose values were measured along the central axis of electron beam. The slope angles of 80% and 50% isodose lines were measured in the penumbra area. All these measured data were compared with those without oblique angle. Results1. When the oblique incidence angle of electron beam increased,the depth of the maximal dose and the isodose lines of 90%,80%,50% and 10% decreased. 2.The higher the beam energy ,the greater the depth of maximal dose and the isodose lines of 90%,80%,50% and 10%. 3.The effect of oblique incidence was also related to field size. When the beam size increased,the depth of maximal dose and the isodose lines of 90%,80%,50% and 10% decreased. 4. For the same oblique incidence angle,the effect of electron energy is more obvious than that of beam size. 5. Because of the oblique incidence of electron beam,the 80% and 50% isodose lines in the penumbral area would slope up to the direction with air gap and the slope angle was wider than the oblique incidence angle of the electron beam. Conclusions The oblique incidence of electron beam not only reduces the depth of maximum ionization,but also weakens the transmissive ability of electron beam. The weakening extent of the transmissive ability is related to electron energy and field size. In the oblique incidence,the movement of 80% and 50% isodose lines in horizontal direction should be noted,otherwise the dose of some tumor will be very low.

Objective To study the gene expression profiles in cardiac muscles at the early phase after electrical injury. Methods The total RNA in both injured group and control group were isolated and hybridized with BioStar-40 cDNA microarray that contains 4 096 genes or expressed sequence tags (EST) randomly selected from a rat cDNA library. Results A total of 71 genes or ESTs were differently expressed in the cardiac muscles in 3 h after electrical injury with 35 up-regulated genes or ESTs and 36 down-regulated genes or ESTs. Some of these genes were involved in coagulation, inflammation, signal transduction and cell homeostasis. Conclusion The genomic response to heart electrical injury is complex and a great number of genes involved in this pathophysiological process. The analysis of differently expressed genes is helpful to learn the molecular mechanisms of heart electrical injury.

Objective To study the effects of attenuated Salmonella(Ty21a-pIRES-IL-2-NK4,TPIN)carrying interleukin-2(IL-2)/4-kringle antagonist of hepatocyte growth factor(NK4)double gene on humoral and cellular immune function.Methods Eighteen BALB/c mice,half male and half female,were randomly divided into control group(1. 5 mL 10%NaHCO3 by gastric tube feeding),Ty21a group(0. 1 mL Ty21a by gastric tube feeding)and TPIN group(0. 1 mL TPIN by gastric tube feeding),with 6 mice in each group. The immunization was boosted twice 7 d after the initial immunization. At 21d after administration,the blood samples were collected from eyeballs and the serum was separated,which was detected for the serum IgG antibody level by ELISA. The thymus and spleen of mice were isolated aseptically,and the spleen cells were stimulated by Ty21a and TPIN respectively in vitro. After 72 h,the proliferation ability of spleen cells was measured by CCK-8 assay,and the expression level of cytokines in spleen cells was detected by ELISA. The spleen and thymus were weighed,the spleen and thymus indexes were analyzed,and HE staining was performed.Results Compared with the control group and Ty21a group,the serum IgG level(F = 111. 74,P < 0. 01)and the contents of IFNγ,IL-4 and IL-10 in spleen cell supernatant(F = 38. 21,11. 37 and 26. 92,respectively,each P < 0. 05)increased significantly,as well as the spleen and thymus indexes(F = 10. 419 and 5. 859,respectively,each P < 0. 05)showed significant increase. In mice of Ty21a and TPIN group,the thymus cortex widened,lymphocytes increased,and there was mild inflammatory reaction;the white pulp and lymphocytes in spleen increased with neutrophil infiltration.Conclusion TPIN has a good immune protective effect,and can significantly stimulate the body to produce humoral immunity and cellular immunity,which may have a good therapeutic effect on tumors.

The tight junction of intestinal epithelium plays an important role in maintaining the function of intestinal barrier and regulating the cell differentiation. The intestinal epithelial cells interact with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix and then affect the epithelial barrier as well as the proliferation, polarization, and apoptosis of cells. As an important cell junction, the tight junction of intestinal epithelium participates in a series of signal transduction pathways including the classic cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding, inositol trisphosphate, Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and in some special pathways including zonula occludents protein 1-associated Y-box factor,cyclin related protein, phosphorylation, and methylation. Furthermore, regulations of gene and protein expression of the tight junction are also complex, while disorders of such regulations may lead to clinical diseases, such as disruption of the intestinal barrier, refractory infection, and even cancers. This article reviews the research advances in gene expressions, related signal transduction, and self-regulation in the tight junction of intestinal epithelium.

Objective To explore memory function affected by chronic insomnia. Methods Fiftyfive patients with primary insomnia (PI), 119 patients with comorbidity of depression and insomnia (CDI)and 50 normal individuals were enrolled. Objective memories, including spatial working memory, spatial reference memory, objective working memory and object reference memory, were detected by nine boxes maze, and subjective memory was assessed by themselves on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 ( extremely severe problem) to 4 (no problem). Results Compared to the controls, the self-evaluated memory ( 1( 1,2 ) ) was worse in the mild PI patients, and the spatial working memory ( 6 ( 2. 5,11 ) ) was also worse in the severe PI patients( ×2 = 4. 526,3. 529, both P ＜ 0. 01 ). For the CDI, the self-evaluated memory ( 2 ( 1,2) ) and spatial working memory (6(3,10)) were worse in the mild patients(×2 =5. 803,4. 155 ,both P ＜0. 01 ). However, the object ( 0. 5 (0,1) ) and spatial reference ( 1.5 ( 1, 3 ) ) memories were also worse in the severe patients ( ×2 =2. 641,3. 955 ,both P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusions PI damages subjective memory and the severe PI also damages spatial working memory. CDI damages various memory functions, especially in severe CDI patients, including subjective memory, object reference memory, spatial reference memory and spatial working memory.

DNA Methylation ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Telomerase ; physiology

Most deaths of breast cancer patients may be caused by the development of metastases. The latest research suggest that some miRNAs regulated gene expressions related with breast cancer metastasis at post-transcriptional level, which was closely related to invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. This review mainly dicussed the miRNA involved in regulation of invasion and metastasis of breast cancer and their mo-lecular mechanisms.