Selective killing effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on tumor cell makes it a potential anti-cancer agent that is widely studied.In recent years,NDV has become a research hotspot in anti-tumor medicine,while the ability to specifically kill tumor cells is the basis of antitumor drug.The tumor-specific killing characteristics and related mechanisms of NDV are reviewed.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of double micro-catheter technique for detachable coil treatment of intracranial an-eurysms. Methods From January 2010 to April 2014,there were a total of 83 patients with cerebral aneurysms treated with double micro-catheters,and the ratio of neck/body was 1/3~1. The double micro-catheters were positioned within aneurysm. The detachable coils were in-troduced to satisfactory position by different ways. There was always one undetached coil to hold the stability of detached coils till aneurysm compactly embolized. Results 83 cases were instantly compactly embolized with double micro-catheter technique. No coils out of aneurysm. There were two cases of ischemic complication during clinical treatment,one of them was died. One case ruptured during operation. Conclu-sion The double micro-catheter technique may be an optional and safe method during embolization of some cerebral aneurysms.

Objective To investigate the phenomenon of coherence resonance(CR)in a nonlinear integrate-and-fire neuronal model(NIF)induced with correlated voltage-gated channel noise and synaptic noise.Meanwhile,the effects of intensity of the voltage-gated channel noise,intensity of the synaptic noise and the strength of the correlation between noises on coherence resonance are discussed.Methods Based on the adiabatic approximation theory and the two-state theory,the approximate expressions of the probability distribution of neuron first fire(FPD)and the coefficient of variation(CV)of the inter-spike intervals of neuron discharging were obtained.Results It was shown that the FPD and the CV were the function of intensities of the voltage-gated channel noise,intensities of the synaptic noise and the strength of the correlation between noises.Conclusion By choosing appropriate the intensity of noise and the strength of the correlation between noises,the minimum of the CV can be obtained,to make the maximum coherence of system and the phenomenon of coherence resonance will occur.

Objective To establish a mouse model for human esophageal cancer.Methods Human PBL were isolated directly from whole blood by density gradient centrifugation.Fifteen SCID mice were randomly divided into two groups.Group A was control group,and in group B there were 12 mice intraperitoneally injected with 2×107 human PBL and subcutaneously injected with 5×106 ECA109 cells.The rate of tumor transplantation,tumor growth,metastasis and histological features were observed.After 3,4,5,6 weeks of engraftment,the level of IgG in mouse serum and the spleen weight were detected.Results The successful rate of tumor transplantation was 100 ％.Metastasis was not found.After 3,4,5,6 weeks of engraftment,the spleen weight in group B were (55.44±4.45) mg,(88.62±2.24) mg,[(125.98±2.19) mg] (P ＜ 0.05) and (213.71±2.96) mg,which had statistical significance compared with the control group (41.87±2.97) mg.The level of IgG was significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The experimental results demonstrate that human esophageal cancer models have been established in Hu-PBL-SCID mice.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of plasma D-dimer (D-D),fibrinogen (Fg) and Ddimer/fibrinogen (D/F) ratio in acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after artificial joint replacement.Methods From August 2009 to December 2011,273 patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) underwent venography of lower extremity deep vein at 35 days postoperatively.According to results of angiography,all patients were divided into DVT group including 66 patients (15 males and 51 females,median age 66 years) and non-DVT group including 207 patients (70 males and 137 females,median age 63 years).Plasma levels of D-D and Fg were measured by immunoturbidimetry and solidification methods respectively preoperatively and at 3-5 days postoperatively.The differences of plasma levels of D-D and Fg and D/F ratio between the two groups were analyzed with statistical method.Furthermore,diagnostic value of postoperative plasma D-D and D/F ratio in acute DVT was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results There was no statistical significance in preoperative plasma levels of D-D and Fg,and postoperative plasma levels of Fg between two groups.However,the postoperative plasma levels of D-D and D/F ratio were higher in the DVT group than those in the nonDVT group,and there was significant difference between two groups.In addition,the ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve of postoperative plasma D-D and D/F ratio was 0.688 and 0.684,respectively,but this difference did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion Plasma Fg may be meaningless for the diagnosis of acute DVT after artificial joint replacement.Although plasma D-D and D/F ratio may be useful for diagnosing acute DVT,the diagnostic accuracy is low.

Based on a nonlinear neuron model, the Poisson noise is used to imitate the noisy environments of neurons, and, further, the phenomenon of coherence resonance (CR) of a nonlinear neuron model subject to a voltage-gated channel noise and a random point trains synaptic noise is investigated. Based on the fractional noise theory and Euler schemes, the evolution of the membrane potential and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the interval-spike-interval of the neuron firing have been obtained. It is shown that, in the absence of external periodic signal, such CV can be decreased at a certain intensity of neurotransmitter arrivals trains lambda and a proper strength of the voltage-gated channel noise D, so that the coherence of the system is maximal and the phenomenon of CR can take place.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; Poisson Distribution ; Stochastic Processes ; Synapses ; physiology

Background Researches showed that femtosecond laser corneal small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) was used in the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism due to its fast recovery,good shortterm efficacy and few complications.However,few research focused on its long-term efficacy.Objective Thisstudy was to evaluate the effectiveness,safety,predictability,stability and complications of SMILE.Methods A serial cases-observational study was carried out under the approval of Ethic Committee of Henan Eye Institute and informed consent of patients.Sixty-seven eyes of 34 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism were included in Henan Eye Institute from January to June 2013.All the patients received SMILE and followed-up for 2-year duration.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),automatic optometry,intraocular pressure and corneal topography were examined before surgery and 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,1 year and 2 years after surgery and calculated the spherical equivalent (SE).The long-term efficacy of SMILE included effective index (preoperative BCVA/postoperative UCVA),safety index (postoperative BCVA/ preoperative BCVA),predictability (linear regression analysis between actual SE and attempted SE) and refractive stability (SE changes at postoperative time points).Results The preoperative BCVA was ≥ 20/20 in 60 eyes with the percentage of 89.55％.UCVA≥ 20/20 were found in 61 eyes and 60 eyes in postoperative 3 months and 2 years respectively (91.04％ and 89.55％).The effective index was 1.038±0.182 and 1.029±0.231 in postoperative 3 months and 2 years respectively,showing an insignificant difference between them (t =0.400,P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the preoperative BCVA,8.96％ (6/67) and 10.45％ (7/67) eyes lost 1 line at 3 months and 2 years after surgery,respectively.The safety indexes were 1.141±0.193 and 1.312±0.242 at 3 months and 2 years after surgery,with no significant difference between them (t =0.414,P＞0.05).A linear correlation was found between actual SE and attempted SE both at postoperative 3 months and 2 years,with the linear regression equations of Y=0.897 1X-0.440 8 (R2 =0.914 2,P＜0.05) and Y =0.893 7X-0.382 3 (R2 =0.915 7,P＜0.05),respectively.The SE was (0.013±0.578),(-0.033±0.489),(-0.106±0.508),(-0.103±0.375),(-0.154±0.518) and (-0.147±0.366)D 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,1 year and 2 years after surgery,respectively,and there were no significant difference among different time points (F =0.185,P =0.176).Eighteen in the 67 eyes occurred opaque bubble layer after surgery.Diffuse lamellar keratitis appeared in 6 eyes and punctate keratitis was in 2 eyes.These complications were cured 1 month after administration of drugs.Conclusions SMILE is good in effectiveness,safety,predictability and refreactive stability and has fewer complications during 2-year following-up.

OBJECTIVETo synthesize novel cyanopyrrolidine-bearing compounds as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and characterize their biological activities in vitro.

METHODSEleven analogues of carbonitrilpyrrolidine were designed and synthesized by substitution reaction of (S)-2-(2-cyanopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetyl bromide with substituted phenyl piperazine pyridazinones.

RESULTSThe structures of the compounds were characterized by (1)H-NMR and MS spectra. Biological evaluation indicated that most of the compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against DPP4.

CONCLUSIONThe preliminary bioassay indicates that all the synthesized compounds have moderate DPP-4 inhibition activity, especially the compounds 1j and 1k with inhibition rates reaching 26.14% and 34.15% at the concentration of 1×10(5) nmol/L, respectively.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Pyrrolidines ; chemistry

Objective:To compare the effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and assess the independent risk factors of AKI.Methods:We retrospectively collected 550 patients aged 18 years or older who underwent CABG from May 2014 to May 2020. They were divided into the rosuvastatin group ( n=322), atorvastatin group ( n=125) and non statins group ( n=103) according to whether rosuvastatin or atorvastatin was routinely used before operation. Demographic data, clinical data before and after CABG and laboratory results were collected. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and incidence of postoperative AKI were compared among the three groups. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the effect of statins on AKI in patients undergoing CABG. Results:Compared with preoperation, BUN showed no significant change ( P>0.05), while Scr was increased and Ccr was decreased significantly (both P<0.01); BUN in the rosuvastatin group was decreased significantly ( P<0.01), whereas Scr and Ccr had no significant change ( P>0.05); Scr in the atorvastatin group was increased significantly ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in BUN and Ccr ( P>0.05). BUN and Scr in the non statins group were increased significantly (both P<0.01), while Ccr was decreased significantly ( P<0.01). After operation, BUN and Scr in the rosuvastatin group and atorvastatin group were significantly lower than those in the non statins group (all P<0.01); Ccr was significantly higher than that in the non statins group ( P<0.01). BUN and Scr were not significantly different between the rosuvastatin and atorvastatin groups ( P>0.05), but Ccr was significantly higher than that in the atorvastatin group ( P< 0.05). There were significant differences in BUN, Scr and Ccr among the three groups ( χ2=48.925, 22.677 and 34.426, all P<0.01). The incidence of AKI among 550 patients was 15.1% (83/550), of which 9.6% (31/322) in the rosuvastatin group, 16.0% (20/125) in the atorvastatin group and 31.1% (32/103) in the non statins group. The incidence of AKI in the rosuvastatin and atorvastatin groups was significantly lower than that in the non statins group ( χ2=28.412, 7.282, P<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that hypertension ( OR=3.555, 95% CI: 1.959-6.451, P<0.01), NHYAⅢ/Ⅳ ( OR=2.438, 95% CI: 1.187-5.008, P=0.015), and increased serum creatinine level ( OR=1.018, 95% CI: 1.003-1.032, P=0.016), and intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass ( OR=2.936, 95% CI: 1.454-5.927, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for AKI after CABG, while preoperative conventional statin therapy ( OR=0.490, 95% CI: 0.247-0.974, P=0.042) and increased serum albumin level ( OR=0.920, 95% CI: 0.856-0.990, P=0.026) were protective factors for AKI after CABG. Conclusions:The incidence of AKI after CABG is common. Rosuvastatin or atorvastatin and increased preoperative serum albumin level can protect renal function and reduce the incidence of AKI, which are the protective factors of AKI after CABG. The hypertension, NHYAⅢ/Ⅳ, increased preoperative serum creatinine level and cardiopulmonary bypass are the independent risk factors of AKI after CABG.

Objective To compare the impact of continuous profound neuromuscular blockade versus con-ventional neuromuscular blockade on postoperative shoulder pain in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery during steep Trendelenburg position.Methods This study was a single-center,randomized,double-blind clinical trial.The inclusion criteria encompassed individuals aged between 18 and 80 years,with an American Society of Anesthesiologists status of Ⅰ or Ⅱ,and a body mass index ranging from 18 kg/m2 to 30 kg/m2.A total of one hundred patients were randomly assigned to either the deep neuromuscular blockade group(D group)or the conventional neuromuscular blockade group(C group),with equal distribution of fifty cases in each group.Rocuronium dosage was titrated to achieve post-tetanic count values of 1～2 and train-of-four stimulation levels of 1～2 during surgery for D and C groups respectively.At the end of surgery,sugammadex was administered for reversal of neuromuscular blockade.The primary endpoint assessed the incidence of postoperative shoulder pain within three days after surgery.Secondary endpoints included Leiden score evaluation during intraoperative period,number of additional neuromus-cular blockers required by the surgeon,recovery time for muscle relaxation postoperatively,nausea and vomiting scores during recovery phase,visual analog scale(VAS)scores in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit(PACU)as well as within three days after surgery,incidence rate for postoperative pulmonary complications,length of hospital stay duration and patient satisfaction score.Results The incidence of postoperative shoulder pain was significantly lower in group D compared to group C(D group 32%vs.C group 56%;P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in postoperative shoulder pain VAS scores between the two groups(P>0.05).No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of Leiden score,surgeon's requirement for additional neuromuscular blockers,nausea and vomiting in PACU,and VAS score(P>0.05).Group D exhibited better early postoperative activity pain scores than group C(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the groups at other time points(P>0.05).Furthermore,there were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications,length of stay,and satisfaction scores between the two groups.Conclusion The imple-mentation of continuous deep neuromuscular blockade in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery with steep Trendelenburg position can effectively mitigate the occurrence of postoperative shoulder pain.