Objective To study the effect of different processing methods on paeoniflorin content and to provide a basis for stabilizing the processing technology of white peony root.Methods RP-HPLC method was used to determine the content of paeoniflorin on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m),with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(14∶86),flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,column temperature of 25 ℃,and detective wavelength of 230 nm.Results The average recovery rate was 99.195%,RSD=0.8%(n=6).The content of paeoniflorin was 0.55%,2.70%,3.40%,3.25%,respectively.Conclusion In the processing of white peony root,heating,water immersion and sulfur smoked have greater effect of paeoniflorin content in white peony root.

Objective To understand the clinical and molecular characteristics of children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in South China.Methods Clinical and molecular data of children diagnosed as PWS by Methylation-specific PCR(MS-PCR) and/or Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization(Array-CGH)in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from November 2012 to November 2014 were analyzed.Results A total of 27 children diagnosed as PWS were included in this study,including 21 cases diagnosed by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array-CGH) and 13 cases diagnosed by methylation-specific PC R (MS-PCR).Within the 27 cases,13 cases were male(48.1％) and 14 cases were female(51.9％).The age on diagnosis was from 16 days to 16 years old.MS-PCR was performed in 13 cases,7 cases of them also performed Array-CGH,both of them showed a 174 bp fragment from the methylated allele and a 100 bp fragment from the unmethylated allele.Array-CGH analysis was performed in 21 cases,paternal deletion in 18 cases and mean interstitial deletions measure (5.48 ± 0.51) Mb in size,paternal duplication in 2 cases,loss of heterozygosity measure approximately 79.58 Mb in 1 case.Eighteen simple chromosome deletion cases were divided into 6 Del Ⅰ and 12 Del Ⅱ according to the location of Array-CGH and query the database to DECIPHER(Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans Using Ensembl Resources).The major phenotype included central hypotonia and feeding difficulty in all cases (100.0％),hypogonadism in 25 cases (92.6％),weak crying in 22 cases(81.5％),and hypopigmentation in 22 cases(81.5％).Fourteen cases beyond 1 year old had varied degrees of development disability and behavioral and psychiatric disturbance:speech articulation defects in 13 cases(92.9％),hyperphagia and weight gain too fast in 13 cases(92.9％) when they were between 1 to 6 years old[(2.80 ± 1.32) years old],and obesity in 12 cases (85.7％).Conclusions For PWS children in South China,there is no statistically significant difference in the clinical manifestation between Del Ⅰ and Del Ⅱ.PWS children in South China have typical clinical characteristics,which can be used as a further screening indication to implement molecular diagnostics.

AIM: To study the influence of injection agent of pidotimod on function of the immune-system in normal and immune-depressed mice, and to investigate the mechanisms of the immunomodulating action of pidotimod. METHODS: The expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 in mice spleen was detected by RT-PCR method. The effects of pidotimod on phagocytosis functions of mice peritoneal exudate cells was investigated by neutral red phagocytosis. The lymphocyte proliferations induced by Con A or LPS were detected by MTT method. Adopt the serum haemolysis to measure the production of serum antibody. RESULTS: The normal and immune-depressed mice were treated for 14 days with different dosages of pidotimod by injection. Pidotimod can significantly increase the expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 of spleen, potentiate phagocytosis of the peritoneal exudate cells, potentiate the lymphocyte proliferations ability induced by Con A or LPS. CONCLUSION: Pidotimod can potentiate amelioration normal and immune-depressed mice immunesystem function and increase expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 of spleen.

Aim To investigate the HIV-1 entry inhibitory activities of myriceric acid B and C isolated from Rhoiptelea chiliantha Diels et Hand-Mazz and their mechanism of action.Method The plasmids encoding envelope proteins of HIV-1 (pHXB2) and VSV (pVSV-G) were cotransfected 293T cells with pNL4-3.Luc.R-E- to produce HIV-1 Env pseudovirus and VSV-G pseudovirus,respectively,which were used for testing the antiviral activities of these compounds.ELISA and molecular docking were used to study the mechanism of action of the active compounds.Results Myriceric acid B could significantly inhibit the infection of HIV-1 Env pseudovirus with an IC_(50) of(8.3±0.2)mg·L~(-1).The carbonoxyl group at C-28 position and the hydroxyl group at the C-3 position of myriceric acid B are important for its anti-HIV-1 activity.Like other HIV-1 entry inhibitors targeting gp41 (eg,ADS-J1 and NB-64), myriceric acid B could also block the gp41 six-helix bundle formation.Molecular docking analysis suggests that myriceric acid B may bind to the hydrophobic cavity of the gp41 N-trimeric coiled coil.Conclusion Myriceric acid B is a potent HIV-1 entry inhibitor targeting gp41 and can serve as a lead compound for developing novel anti-HIV-1 drug.

Objective To establish a simple and rapid detection technique for Oncomelania infected with Schistosoma japonicum(SJ), with high sensitivity and good specificity .Methods The gene fragment of SJ was amplified by PCR , and cloned into the T-vector to construct positive-reference.An isothermal nucleic acid amplification reaction system for detecting Oncomelania infected with SJ was set up , and its sensitivity was analyzed by detecting positive-reference diluted according to geometric proportion , and its specificity by detecting the genomic DNA of relative samples .Then, a corresponding means of purifying nucleic acid was designed to assemble a reagent detecting Oncomelania infected with SJ . This reagent was validated by detecting Oncomelania samples.Results The 213 bp amplified products were obtained and used to construct recombination T-vector for positive reference .An isothermal nucleic acid amplification reaction system was set up for detecting Oncomelania infected with SJ , and the amplification results could be simply determined by color change, with better sensitivity and specificity .The reagents for detecting Oncomelania infected with SJ were assembled , which could detect samples containing only 1% infected Oncomelania.Conclusion A visible detection method for Oncomelania infected with SJ is successfully established and validated .

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and adverse events of methimazole ( MMI ) treatment for children with hyperthyroidism, and to identify the predictors of remission and relapse. Methods A total of379children(260girlsand119boys)diagnosedwithhyperthyroidismandtreatedbyMMIinGuangzhouWomenand Children's Medical Center from March, 2004 to July, 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age at diagnosiswas(9.3±2.3)years(range2.0~15.9years). Results AftertreatmentwithMMIfor3and6months, the thyroid functions of 96. 3%(365/379) and 98. 9%(375/379) patients returned to normal, respectively. By the end of this study, 256(67. 5%) patients continued to use MMI treatment and 44 patients(11. 6%) dropped out. 79 patients(20. 8%) achieved remission, 35 patients (44. 3%) of whom experienced a later relapse. Children who achieved constant remission had significantly lower FT3 and FT4 levels at diagnosis compared with the relapsed children(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). It was more likely to remain long-term remission for children turned to be euthyroid within 3 months after initiating MMI treatment(P<0. 05). The relieved patients with family history of thyroid diseases weremorelikelytoberelapsed(P<0.05). Therewerenosignificantdifferencesinage,gender,exophthalmos, initial goiter size, thyroid peroxidase autoantibody, and thyroglobulin antibody levels between the relieved and relapsed patients. The overall incidence of adverse events associated with MMI was 27. 7%, mainly elevated alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and neutropenia. Most(66. 7%) of adverse events occurred within the first three months of MMI treatment. Conclusion MMI has a good effect on pediatric hyperthyroidism, with low remission and high relapse rate. The low thyroid hormone concentrations at diagnosis and normalization of thyroid function within three months seem to be useful predictors of remission. Vigilance is needed concerning MMI-associated adverse events throughout the MMI treatment period, especially during the first trimester of MMI initiation.

[Abstract ] Objective Chronic renal disease,a common and frequent disease,is the most cause inducing chronic renal failure. There is an important guiding significance for renal biopsy in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of renal disease.The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of renal biopsy and the relation between pathological types and clinical presentation in Tibet. Methods Between June 2011 and December 2013 in General Hospital of Tibetan Military Command, Lhasa, percutaneous renal biopsy were per-formed in 107 renal patients.In this study, the gender, age, pathologic entities, and clinical manifestation were analyzed retrospectively. The final diagnosis was made by the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination,and pathologic results. Results The mean age at renal biopsy was 29.8 ±12.2(10~66)years in 47 male cases (43.9%) and 69 female cases (56.1%).This includes 75 Tibetan cases (70.1%), 31 Han cases (28.9%), and Bai cases (1.0%).The primary glomerular disease was 95.3%and the secondary glomerular disease was 4.7%in the total 107 cases.Fourty-four point three percent of the primary glomerular disease were male cases and 100%of secondary glomerular disease were female cases.The main pathological type of the primary glomerular disease was podocyte nephropathy (43.9%), followed by membranous nephropathy (18.7%), IgA nephropathy (11.2%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (9.3%) and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (5.6%).The clinical manifestations of 107 cases were classified as syndrome of nephrotic syn-dromn(69.1%),urinary abnormalities(14.9%),isolated macrographic haematuria (3.7%),chronic renal failure(2.8%).Among the nephrotic syndrome,podocyte disease was 63.5%,membranous glomerulopathy was 18.9%,focal segmental glomeruolsclerosis was 8.1%,and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was 5.4%. Conclusion The primary glomerulonephritis was the most common glomerular diseases at high altitude area in Tibet.The most frequent type of pri-mary glomerular nephritis was podocyte disease, and the most frequent type of secondary glomerular nephritis was Henoch-Schonlein purpura glomerulonephritis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a serious public health issue in China.Poor glycemic control is closely related to increased risks of microvascular,macrovascular events and mortality.Self-management ability and treatment adherence are key factors affecting glycemic control.Based on this,this review summarizes the findings on medication adherence related to different glucose-lowering regimens,analyzes the factors affecting patient treatment adherence and discusses the roles of drug characteristics,patient factors and shared decision-making in optimizing T2DM management strategies,in the hope of improving clinical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the differences in stress distribution at the bone-implant interface of dental implants with different length-diameter ratios, so as to provide references for the design of novel dental implants. Methods The three-dimensional finite element model of mandible was established using Geomagic studio, SolidWorks and ANSYS Workbench software. The mandibular molars were applied with different vertical or oblique forces, to compare and analyze stress distributions on dental implants and the surrounding bone tissues. Results Under the same length-diameter ratio, the maximum peak equivalent stress of implant under oblique loading was significantly higher than that under vertical loading. The Von Mises stresses of implants in Group A and Group B occurred in the neck under oblique and vertical loading. Under oblique loading, the implant stress variation in Group A and Group B was 144.74-374.67 MPa and 161.52-475.38 MPa, respectively. Under vertical loading, the implant stress variation in Group A and Group B was 101.28-187.40 MPa and 110.08-210.32 MPa, respectively. The maximum Von Mises stress of Group A was significantly smaller than that of Group B. Conclusions Dentists should focus on a length-diameter ratio of 2.67 to select the standard implants, and the jawbone quality of patients should be taken into full account.

Objective To analyze stress distributions of alveolar bone around implants with different types of implant thread shapes and thread depths during dental immediate implantation, so as to provide references for the design and selection of implants. Methods The simplified model of mandible bone block, implants and mandibular molar were established by Geomagic Studio, SolidWorks and ANSYS Workbench, and vertical and oblique loads were applied on this model, respectively. Stress distributions on implants with different thread shape and thread depth as well as alveolar bone around implants were calculated. Results Under vertical loading, the peak stresses of implants, cortical bone and cancellous bone were in the range of 120.51-129.63 MPa, 9.94-13.25 MPa and 3.92-8.01 MPa, respectively. And the stress of cortical bone around V-shaped, rectangular, buttress or reverse buttress implant remained stable in the range of 0.40-0.45 mm thread depth. Under oblique loading, the peak stresses of implants, cortical bone and cancellous bone were in the range of 220.23-286.51 MPa, 33.39-45.08 MPa, 4.96-12.5 MPa, respectively. Among the models, V-shaped, buttress, reverse buttress implant with 0.45 mm thread depth showed the minimum stress. Conclusions The V-shaped, buttress or reverse buttress implant with a thread depth of 0.45 mm, or the rectangular implant with a thread depth of 0.40 mm had better biomechanical properties.