AIM:In order to study the effects of retinal glial cells on glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells damage,expression of TNF-? and TNF-R1 in retinal glial cells was observed in rat model with chronic elevated intraocular pressure glaucoma.METHODS:(1)Rats were rendered elevated intraocular pressure by ligating 2 episcleral veins with subconjunctival injection of 5-Fu.(2)Four weeks after operation,immuno-histological assays were carried out on cryostat sections.The co-expressions of TNF-?-GFAP,TNF-?-OX42,TNFR-1-GFAP,and TNFR-1-NeuN were observed via a confocal laser scanning microscope,respectively.RESULTS:(1)Elevated intraocular pressure was consistently maintained for up to 4 weeks in model group.(2)The co-expressions of TNF-? and GFAP,TNF-? and OX42 were detected in retina in treatment group,respectively.(3)The co-expressions of TNFR-1 and GFAP were also detected in retina,but the co-expressions of TNFR-1 and NeuN were not detected in retina in treatment group.CONCLUSION:TNF-? that activated retinal glial cells may play an important role in glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell damage.

Objective To compare the application values of different blood transfusion modes in placenta previa cesarean section.Methods The clinical data in 82 pregnant women with placenta previa undergoing cesarean section in our hospital from February 2013 to January 2016 were collected.The patients were divided into the autologous group (autologous blood stored blood transfusion,n=42) and allogeneic group (allogeneic blood transfusion,n=40) according to different blood transfusion modes.The changes of blood routine indexes such as hemoglobin (Hb),platelet count (PLT),hematocrit (Hct),white blood cell count (WBC) and red blood cell count (RBC) in the two groups before and after operation were recorded.Postpartum blood lossb amounts,autologous and allogeneic blood transfusion volume were compared between the two groups.The pregnant outcomes were observed,and the incidence rates of blood transfusion complications were statistically analyzed.Results (1)The accumulative blood loss volume and allogeneic blood transfusion volume in the autologous group were significantly lower than those in the allogeneic group (P<0.05);(2) PLT and WBC after operation in the two groups were significantly increased,while RBC,Hb and Hct were decreased.The levels of postoperative Hb,PLT and Hct in the autologous group were higher than those in the allogeneic group (P<0.05);(3) the neonatal Apgar scores at 1,5 min after birth,and umbilical artery blood pH value showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05);(4)The total incidence rate of complications in the autologous group was significantly lower than that in the allograft group (P<0.05).Conclusion Adopting autologous blood stored blood transfusion scheme during cesarean section in women with placenta previa has no negative effect on maternal and neonatal outcomes,meanwhile which can reduce the incidence of transfusion complications,is safe and feasible.

BACKGROUND: The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key influencing factor in the occurrence and development process of atherosclerosis. How is the merit of the method for the detection of the level of anti-serum oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) antibody on the evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque?OBJECTIVE: To study the method for the detection of serum anti-ox-LDL antibody in mice with apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) genetic defect to analyze the merits of serous level of anti-ox-LDL antibody on the evaluation of the area of atherosclerotic plaque in mice with Apo-E genetic defect.DESIGN: Single factor analysis of variance (a case-controlled study)SETTING: Laboratory of nutrition and metabolism diseases in a university.PARTICIPANTS: Mice with Apo-E genetic defect were grouped into positive group (series: C57B L/6J, n = 15), while normal mice were grouped into control group (series: C57BL/6J, n = 15).INTERVENTIONS: Mice of two groups were fed in separate cage on laminar flow shelf for free drinking and eating. The venous blood was drawn from the orbit of mice after 16 weeks for the separation of mice serum. The level of anti-ox-LDL antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the separated serum from either mice with Apo-E genetic defect or normal mice. The area of atherosclerotic plaque was measured by image analysis after oil red O staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ox-LDL level and atherosclerotic plaque area in mice with Apo-E genetic defect or normal mice.RESULTS: Anti-ox-LDL antibody level of mice with Apo-E genetic defect was[ (0. 079 ±0. 028)% ], which was significantly higher than [(0. 012± 0.001 )% ] of normal mice ( F= 10. 666, P ＜ 0.01 ). The area of atherosclerotic plaque of mice with Apo-E genetic defect was (26. 25 ± 9.20) %, which was also significantly higher than 0% of normal mice, and moreover, there was a significant correlation between these two factors ( r =0. 638, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum level of anti-ox-LDL antibody in mice with Apo-E genetic defect is closely correlated with the area of atherosclerotic plaque,which is an important indicator for the generation of atherosclerosis in mice with Apo-E genetic defect.

Objective To explore the substantial results of using comprehensive practical teaching mode and holistic nursing thinking method in the course of teaching fundamentals of nursing science,and then improve the vocational quality and ability of nursing students.Methods Randomly determined two classes as objectives: experiment class and control class.control class was adopt traditional practical teaching mode,experiment class was adopt comprehensive practical teaching mode in small community.Results Ability of standard operation,communication and knowledge were significant higher in experiment class than those of in control class.Conclusions Comprehensive practical teaching mode in small community has actual significance for strengthen the comprehendsive ability of nursing students.

Objective: To study the relationship between the individual psychological characteristic of medical students and the way parents bring up them. Methods: Data on SCL-90, 16PF,EMBU of 1550 medical students were analysed. Results: It is showed that girl students have experienced more of the parents' emotion, understanding and favouritism, while the boy students have experienced more of their parents' refusal, deny, punishment, severity and excessive interference. There are more only-one-children who experience parents' emotion, understanding, interference and excessive protection. Conclusions: Parents' bad breeding attitude and behavior influence children's psychological health and forming of the individual characteristic directly or indirectly

AIM: To determine the role of LOX-1/PPAR pathway in regulating expression of adhesion molecules elicited by oxidizing low density lipoprotein(Ox-LDL) through Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).METHODS: HUVECs were incubated with Ox-LDL,poly(I),carrageenan or 15-deoxy-△12,14-prostaglanding J2(15d-PGJ2).PPAR mRNA and protein were examined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting.ICAM-1 and E-selectin were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.RESULTS: Ox-LDL increased PPAR expression in HUVECs,which was inhibited by pretreatment of HUVECs with LOX-1 blockers.Preincubation of HUVECs with 15d-PGJ2 attenuated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and E-selectin in response to Ox-LDL.Upregulation of ICAM-1 and E-selectin mediated by Ox-LDL were suppressed more significantly by the combination of 15d-PGJ2 and polyinosonic acid as compared to either 15d-PGJ2 or polyinosonic acid alone.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Ox-LDL exerts a biphasic effects on inflammatory response.It evokes harmful effects by inflammatory injury on one side and protective effects by triggering the LOX-1/ PPAR signaling pathway on the other hand.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of cholalic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid in Qingkailing suppository by HPLC-ELSD(high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection). METHODS: The analytical column was Diamonsil C18(250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) and the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile(gradient elution) with the temperature of the drift tube of the light scattering detector set at 110 ℃ and the flow rate of the nitrogen gas at 2.0 L?min-1. RESULTS: The linear ranges of cholalic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid were 0.59～7.4 ?g(r=0.999 6)and 0.38～4.8 ?g(r=0.999 7),respectively,with their average recoveries at 99.20%(RSD=1.4%,n=6)and 98.57%(RSD=1.8%,n=6), respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and well-separated, and it is applicable for the quality control of Qingkailing suppository.

AIM: To study the role of scavenger receptor A(SR A) in the uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein(OxLDL) in mouse peritoneal macrophages(MPM). METHODS: Comparing the difference of the uptake of OxLDL in SR A-deficient and wild-type MPM. RESULTS: The results showed that the binding of OxLDL wasn't apparently reduced in SR A-deficient MPM. The association of OxLDL was reduced by 35.8% and degradation of OxLDL was reduced by 42% in SR A-deficient MPM compared with those in wild-type MPM. CONCLUSION: Studies showed that SR A didn't play an important role in the uptake of OxLDL in MPM. Approximately 70% of the uptake of OxLDL in macrophages is attributable to non-SR A receptor.

AIM: To investigate the effects of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) on the expression of MCP-1 in the cultured human unbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cultured HUVECs was incubated with ox-LDL, or preincubated with carrageenan and polyinosinic acid. LOX-1 and MCP-1 mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Incubation of HUVECs with ox-LDL (from 0-100 mg/L) for 24 h markedly increased the expression of LOX-1 and MCP-1 (mRNA and protien) in a concentration-dependent fashion. Preincubation of HUVECs with carrageenan and polyinosinic acid, the chemical inhibitors of LOX-1, for 2 h, ox-LDL-mediated upregulation of LOX-1 and MCP-1 was suppressed (P

AIM: To explore the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) on cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells, and to offer experimental evidence for research on prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.METHODS: Peritoneal macrophages and LDL were seperated from mice and serum of healthy volunteers, respectively. The foam cells were derived from macrophages in the presence of Acylated LDL (AcLDL). Cholesterol efflux from cells and LDH activity were measured by enzymetic fluorometry and LDH kit, respectively.RESULTS: After incubated with LPC for 24 hours, cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells increased significantly compared to control, and cellular cholesterol was lower than that in control group. At the same time, medium LDH activity of LPC group was not increased obviously. CONCLUSION: Within the dosage of 10-80 ?mol/L, LPC can promote cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect has nothing to do with cytotoxity of LPC.