ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of TGF ?1 and type Ⅰ receptor and their relations with intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts in rats. Methods Autogenous vein graft model was established in 48 Wistar rats. The vein grafts were harvested on day 3, 7, 14, and 28.Histomorphological methods were used to measure the thickness of intima and wall at different time points. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression of TGF ?1 and TGF ?RⅠ . RT PCR was used to detect their mRNA level. ResultsThe intimal thickness increased on day 7 compared with controls( P

Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are important secondary metabolites in plants.There has been a wide range of attention and research of them because of their role in defensive and allelopathy.With the development of genomics and molecular biology,the BXs biosynthesis and other molecular areas research has made great progress.The BXs profile,the function of BXs,the genetic basis of BXs biosynthesis and expression regulation were briefly introduced.

Maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are three staple crops and accordingly it is very meaningful to optimize the condition of their protoplasts isolation. The concentration of the enzyme, the time of isolation and centrifugal force in protoplast isolation were investigated to find their effects on protoplast yield and viability using leaves of maize (Zong 3), wheat (Chinese Spring) and rice (Nipponbare). The results show that the concentration of the enzyme and the time of isolation affected the protoplast yield significantly. Although the yield of protoplast was increased with high concentration of enzyme and long incubated time, it led to too much cells breakdown. The orthogonal experimental design results show that the best condition of maize protoplast isolation was Cellulase R-10 1.5%, Macerozyme R-10 0.5%, 50 r/min 7 h, 100 x g 2 min and the protoplasts yield was 7x106 cells/g fresh weight (FW); the best condition of wheat protoplast isolation was Cellulase R-10 1.5%, Macerozyme R-10 0.5%, 50 r/min 5 h, 100 x g 2 min and the protoplasts yield was 6 x 10(6) cells/g FW; the best condition of rice protoplast isolation was Cellulase R-10 2.0%, Macerozyme R-10 0.7%, 50 r/min 7 h, 1 000 x g 2 min and the protoplasts yield was 6x10(6) cells/g FW. The vitalities were more than 90% using fluorescein diacetate staining method. 50%-80% transformation efficiency was obtained when protoplasts were transformed by green fluorescent protein using PEG-Ca2+ method.
Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Oryza ; chemistry ; genetics ; Plant Leaves ; enzymology ; Protoplasts ; cytology ; Triticum ; chemistry ; genetics ; Zea mays ; cytology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with dermatophagoides pteronyssinus standardized extract given in conventional and cluster immunotherapy schedules for persistent allergic rhinitis.

METHODSOne hundred and ten patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis caused by dust mites, in accordance with the immunotherapy inclusion criteria, were allocated to receive conventional immunotherapy as group A (n = 57) or cluster immunotherapy as group B (n = 53). In group A, 7 cases were lost to follow-up, the expulsion rate of group A was 12.28%; in group B, 1 case was lost to follow-up, the expulsion rate of group B was 1.89%. Nasal symptom scores, medicine scores and mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (Mini RQLQ) were recorded and compared before and after 7 weeks, 15 weeks, 1.0 year, 1.5 years, 2.0 years. All the scores were assessed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, and also the incidence of local and systemic adverse reactions were registered to evaluate the safety. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSNasal symptom scores, medicine scores and Mini RQLQ of both groups were significant lower than those before the treatment (all P < 0.05). Mini RQLQ and nasal symptom scores in cluster group (0.55 ± 0.21,0.57 ± 0.27) were more significantly declined than the conventional group after 7 weeks and 2.0 years of observation (all PMini RQLQ<0.05;nasal symptom scores: 1.41 ± 0.65, 0.83 ± 0.30, t value was 11.344, 5.649, both P < 0.05). The clinical efficiency rate in cluster group (86.5%, 94.2%) were more significantly highter than those (60.0%, 80.0%) in the conventional group after 7 weeks and 2 years of observation (χ(2) value was 9.224, 4.642, both P < 0.05). The medicine scores in cluster group (0.11 ± 0.04) was more significantly declined than conventional group (0.47 ± 0.11) after 7 weeks (t = 27.665, P < 0.05). The incidence of local and systemic adverse reactions during the incremental-dose phase and maintenance-dose phase compared with conventional immunotherapy were not significantly different (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe cluster immunotherapy is a safe treatment method which is more effective and faster than conventional immunotherapy to the dust mites caused allergic rhinitis.

Animals ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Medicine ; Pyroglyphidae ; Quality of Life ; Reference Standards ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; immunology ; therapy ; Safety ; Surveys and Questionnaires