To evaluate the items of critical values and alert limits of the test results , to optimize the critical values report procedure , to modify the laboratory information system ( LIS ) and the hospital information system ( HIS ) , the critical values monitoring platform was designed .Through the monitoring platform,the critical value report rate and critical value report timely rate could be calculated , so reduce medical risks and improve the level of hospital management .

Objective To clarify the possible role of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and E-selectin in the inflammatory injury induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods The focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model was induced by a suture occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham operated group; 4 h,22 h and 46 h reperfusion groups. The expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin and COX-2 were detected by immuno-Western blot and immunohistochemical method. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was detected by a commercial MPO kit. Results In the right cortex and striatum of the sham operated group and the 4 h, 22 h and 46 h reperfusion groups, the relative values of COX-2 were 0.7642?0.0763, 1.5382?0.1047, 1.6491?0.3265, 1.8020?0.3719 and 0.7104?0.0891, 2.2061?0.2143, 1.7897?0.3537, 1.8018?0.5703 respectively; the relative values of ICAM-1 were 0.6845?0.0531, 0.9115?0.0422, 0.9426?0.0407, 1.0756?0.0467 and 0.6583?0.0361, 0.9439?0.0746, 0.9975?0.1532, 0.8808?0.0497 respectively. Significant increase of MPO activity and expression levels of COX-2, ICAM-1 and E-selectin were shown from 4 h to 46 h in the striatum and cortex of rats following reperfusion. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of ICAM-1 and E-selectin positive vessels was increased in the border of ischemia. The positive cells of COX-2 were almost neurons in the cortex, but in the striatum, the cells were neurons, glias and vessel endothelium. Positive correlation between COX-2 and ICAM-1 expression in the cortex(n=6,r=0.973,P

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Xiaoruzeng capsule on the gastric acid and pepsin in rats. METHODS:Rats were randomized into a blank group (distilled water),a positive control group (3.6 mg/kg omeprazole ) and the groups of low, middle and high doses of Xiaoruzeng capsule [2.25,4.5,9.1 g(crude drug)/kg]. These groups were respectively marked as groups A,B,C,D and E,with 10 rats in each group. All the rats were given corresponding drugs,ig,for consecutive 10 d. Their suc-cus gastricus was collected 3 h after the last administration,and determined for pH value with precision pH test strip and for free acidity and total acidity by acid-base neutralization titration method. The content and activity of pepsin were determined and calculat-ed with the test kit and microplate reader. The pathological change of the stomach was observed under the electron microscope. RE-SULTS:Compared with group A,groups B,C and D had higher pH value of succus gastricus;groups C,D and E had lower free acidity;groups B,C and D had lower total acidity,group E had higher total acidity;groups B,D and E had lower activity of pep-sin;and group C had higher content of pepsin. Compared with group B,group D had lower pH value of succus gastricus;group C had lower total acidity;group E had higher acidity;and groups C,D and E had higher activity of pepsin. There was statistical sig-nificance(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Gastric mucosal erosive haemorrhage was noted in three rats in group E,and other groups demon-strated no obvious pathological change. CONCLUSIONS:Low dose of Xiaoruzeng capsule can slightly inhibit the gastric acid in rats,but will not effect the activity of pepsin.

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic fluorosis on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA and protein and the differentiation and maturation process of bone cell in the osteoclast of bone tissue of rats.Methods According to body weight,thirty-six healthy SD rats(body mass 100-120 g) were divided into three groups by random number table,twelve in each group,half male and half female.The rats of control group were given tap water(NaF ＜ 1 mg/L),and rats of low-fluorine and high-fluorine groups were fed with tap water containing 5 and 50 mg/L NaF to establish chronic fluorosis model.Rats were sacrificed after eight months; the contents of urinary fluoride in 24 hours and bone fluoride were analyzed by fluoride selective electrode.Serum content of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP5b)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The paraffin section of bone tissue was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and pathological morphometry was observed under optical microscope.The protein and mRNA levels of MMP-9 in the osteoclast of bones were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH),respectively.Results The differences of fluoride contents of urine and bone in rats were statistically significant between groups(F =400.612,48.229,all P ＜ 0.05).Fluoride contents of urine and bone were increased in lowfluorine and high-fluorine groups[(6.09 + 0.56),(7.69 + 0.64)mg/L,(12.65 ± 3.07),(26.53 + 5.88)mg/kg] compared to the control groups[(1.36 ± 0.51)mg/L,(0.67 ± 0.16)mg/kg,all P ＜ 0.05],and the fluoride contents of urine and bone were gradually increased with increasing fluoride doses(all P ＜ 0.05).The difference of TRACP5b content in serum was statistically significant between groups (F =9.607,P ＜ 0.05),in low-fluorine and high-fluorine groups,the TRACP5b contents[(1.86 ± 0.13),(1.92 ± 0.22)U/L] were higher than that of control group [(1.57 + 0.20)U/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The pathological examination showed osteosclerosis in fluoride exposed groups.The differences of MMP-9 mRNA and protein expressions were statistically significant between groups (F =365.727,331.382,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control groups(97.22 ± 2.24,78.51 ± 1.16),the expressions of MMP-9 protein(108.18 ± 1.97,119.28 ± 1.76) and mRNA(89.44 ± 2.86,102.14 ± 2.39) were increased(all P ＜ 0.05),and the expressions of MMP-9 mRNA and protein were gradually increased with increasing fluoride doses (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Chronic fluorosis might influence osteoclast differentiation and maturation process through regulating the expression levels of MMP-9 protein and mRNA.

Objective To investigate whether I198T gene polymorphisms and Lp-PLA2 activity were the risk factors of CAD.Methods A case-control study was conducted in 398 people with coronary heart disease and 396 controls whose ages and sex were matched with coronary heart disease from Peking University People's Hospital in October 2009 to May 2010.The Il98T gene polymorphisms were detected by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) using TaqMan probe.Lp-PLA2 activity,CHO,GLU,TG,HDL,LDL,hs-CRP,Lp (a) were investigated at the same time.The data were analyzed by Independent-samples T Test,Chi-square test,One-Way ANOVA,Binary Logistic Regression.Results LpPLA2 activity was significant higer in CAD group than that in the control group (31.51 nmol · ml-1 · min-1＞21.31 nmol · ml-1 · min-1,F =16.40,P ＜0.05).Adjustment for various traditional cardiovascular risk factors,including ages,sex,CHO,TG,Hs-CRP,Lp(a),and GLU,quartiles of Lp-PLA2 activity were associated with risk of CVD with a OR of 7.5 (95％ CI:2.34-24.05) for comparison of the top to bottom quartile.Lp-PLA2 activity was the highest (22.68 nmol · ml-1 · min-1,P ＜ 0.05) in genotype Ⅱ and the lowest (11.35 nmol · ml-1 · min-1,P ＜ 0.05) in genotype TT,the association between I198T and coronary artery disease was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Lp-PLA2 activity was significantly higher in CAD group and was a risk factor for CAD.There was no significant association between I198T polymorphism and CAD.

The spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, which are responsible for viral binding to cell surface receptors and the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes during virion assembling, are major structure proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The expression of recombinant protein may give more accurate result for detecting SARS-CoV infection. A novel fusion protein,comprising of two fragments of N and S proteins from SARS-CoV, was prepared. Our computer-assisted analysis suggested that the immunodominant domains were located in the amino acid residues 1-227 of N protein and 450-650 of S protein, further the fusion of the two fragments did not change the immunochemical characteristics. The complementary DNA(cDNA) encoding N1-227 fused with S450-650 was obtained by sequence overlapping extension (SOE), and named NLS. It was cloned into pET-28a ( + ), an expression vector for His-tag fusion protein. This new constructed fusion protein was prokaryotic expressed in E. coli,and purified by metal chelate affinity chromatography with the purity over 95 %. The purified fusion protein was identified by anti-His monoclonal antibody and convalescence SARS patients serum. The NLS protein based ELISA showed that NLS maintained appropriate antigenicity and specificity to react with the sera of convalescent SARS patients. The functional NLS protein were successfully expressed and purified. And the fusion protein based ELISA can be used for detection of antibodies (Abs) against the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV. It may provided a novel diagnostic tool and have the potential application in developing of anti-SARS vaccine.

Objective To investigate the effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (celecoxib) on angiogenesis and peritoneal function of uremic peritoneal dialysis rats.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were selected,and they were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group(n =8),sham operation group(n =8),uremia group(5/6 nephrectomy,n =8),PD group [4.25％ PD solution,2 weeks PD model(n =8) and 4 weeks PD model(n =8)],PD + celecoxib intervention group[treated by celecoxib(20 mg/kg) via oral gavage,n =8].The peritoneum of uremic peritoneal dialysis rats was observed in different dialysis time from peritoneal structures,functions,peritoneal tissue capillary density (microvessel density,MVD) and COX-2,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression level,and the impacts of celecoxib on uremic peritoneal dialysis rats peritoneal angiogenesis and peritoneal function were study.Results With the conduct of the peritoneal dialysis,peritoneal thickness increased,the inflammatory cells infiltrated,peritoneal equilibration test (PET) showed that ultrafiltration volume decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the amount of glucose transport rate rised significantly (P ＜ 0.05),but the celecoxib could improve net ultrafiltration volume (P ＜ 0.05),and reduce the glucose transport rate (P ＜ 0.05).The peritoneal tissue MVD and COX-2,VEGF expression were significantly increased in uremia group and PD group compared with that in the normal control group (all P ＜ 0.05),were significantly lower in PD + Celecoxib intervention group than that in uremia group (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the level of COX-2 protein expression with MVD,VEGF protein expression was positively correlated (both P ＜ 0.05),the level of VEGF protein expression and MVD was positively correlated (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In vivo high glucose dialysate and uremia environmental can stimulate the COX-2 and VEGF expression raised,and the capillaries production increased in peritoneal tissue.Celecoxib can alleviate the change of peritoneal tissue morphology and function in long-term peritoneal dialysis rats.Celecoxib inhibits the peritoneal neovascularization of uremic peritoneal dialysis rats,possibly through inhibition of COX-2 expression to reduce the production of VEGF.

Objective To investigate the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on peritoneal lymphangiogenesis and peritoneum function in uremic rat.Methods Uremic rats treated by peritoneal dialysis were intragastric administration celecoxib.Structures of peritoneum,peritoneal function,peritoneal lymphatic vessel density (LVD) were detected in every group.The mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C),lymphatic vessel endothelial hyluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and COX-2 were tested by RT-PCR.The protein expressions of LYVE-1,VEGF-C,COX-2 were tested by western blot.Results With the extension of the duration of dialysis,the peritoneum thickness was increasing,inflammatory cell infiltrated obviously,uhrafiltration volume decreased significantly.But the celecoxib could increase uhrafiltration volume and reduce the glucose transport rate(P ＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the levels of LVD,COX-2,VEGF-C,and LYVE-1 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated in uremic and dialysis groups (P ＜0.05).Compared with the uremic dialysis group,the levels of LVD,COX-2,VEGFC and LYVE-1 mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated in the celecoxib group.There was a positive correlation between COX-2 and VEGF-C,LVD in protein levels,as well as VEGF-C and LVD (all P values ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hyper glucose dialysis solution and uremic condition could up-regulate the expression of COX-2,VEGF-C,LYVE-1 in gene and protein level and stimulate lymphangiogenesis.COX-2 inhibitor could delay the change of peritoneal structures and function.COX-2 inhibitor could prevem the lymphangiogenesis in uremic rat treated by peritoneal dialysis,which might down-regulate the expression of VEGF-C by COX-2 depended manner.

OBJECTIVE: Chengde is a city with many corneal blindness patients In north China. Lacking of corneas donation is the main reason which prevents corneal transplantation. Survey was made by questionnaire in Chengde to evaluate the current situation and the influential factors of corneal donation.METHODS: Survey was made in 3 200 Chengde residents aged 18 years or older, includes outpatients and inpatients of ophthalmology, some undergraduate students and people met accidentally in park, supermarket, station and centre for elders.48.6% are male and 51.4% are female. Self-made questionnaire includes general state, questions about cornea donation and factors influencing cornea donation.RESULTS: Among 3 200 questionnaires, 2 971 were valid. The effective rate was 92.84%. Over 50% people support donating cornea. More than 40% people intend to donate their corneas and support their relatives to donate. Among the factors for not intending to donate cornea, lacking knowledge of cornea donation was the main reason accounting for 42.81%, and worrying about the misusage of donating cornea without corresponding law became the second factor, which accounting for 21.07%. It has no influence on the consciousness of cornea donation by the difference of sex and location between city and countryside.Whereasfession and level of education indeed influence the consciousness of cornea donation, which of the people from 18 to 40 years old was greater than those of over 40, medical workers was greater than those from other fields, the people graduating from secondary specialized school or higher was greater than those graduating under secondary specialized school.CONCLUSION: People in Chengde have a positive attitude towards cornea donation. It is very necessary to enhance the education of cornea donation, establish an easy and smooth way for donation may promote cornea donating. Consummate legislation is also needed for cornea donation.

BACKGROUND: The reason for the short of cornea donator is the olden donating conception or the limit knowledge of cornea transplantation remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the awareness level of the medical staff to corneal transplantation and corneal donation. METHODS: The study consisted of 820 medical staff from different departments of 5 hospitals, including doctor, nurse, technician, and administrator. Awareness level was evaluated with an interviewer-study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 805 interviewer-studies were effect. The correct answer fill rate in department of ophthalmology was higher than other departments. Different measures should be taken to teach the medical staff to improve the awareness level of the transplantation and corneal donation.