Objective To revise the disclosure expectations scale and to exam its reliability and validity.Methods Based on researching foreign related questionnaire and preparing test,university students from different grades and majors were chosen as subjects to exam the reliability and validity of questionnaire of stigma for seeking professional psychological help.Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the questionnaire were 0.7412 and 0.7423.The retest reliability of the questionnaire were 0.7527 and 0.7662.There was a significantly positive correlation between risk factor and the self-concealment scale(r=0.6554,P<0.01).There was a significantly negative correlation between benefit factor and the self-concealment scale(r=-0.6752,P<0.01).Confirmatory factor analysis verified the 2 dimensional models.Conclusion The revised disclosure expectations scale has good reliability and validity,and Can satisfy the domestic relevant research and applied demand.

Objective To construct a new gene delivery system based on atelocollagen (ATE),and explore that modified aptamer (APT),and APT-ATE/miRNA (miRNA-15a and miRNA-16-1) were successfully synthesized to treat bone-metastatic prostatic cancers.Methods Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis was used to characterize APT-ATE complex.The diameter and zeta potential of complexes were measured by Zetasizer Nano-ZS9.The prostatic cancer (PCa) distribution experiments were used to explore its biological characteristics and targeting ability of PCa cells (PC3 and LNCaP).The inhibition of APT-ATE complex on LNCaP cell was determined with the cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 assay.Results FCM results demonstrated the successful synthesis of ATE-APT complex.The cellular uptake of vectors was concentration-dependent.The gene expression in vitro indicated that the modification of APT could increase the efficiency of gene expression and PCa targeting ability of ATE vectors to LNCaP [prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) over-expressing prostate cancer cells].The result of biodistribution showed that the bone uptake of APT-ATE was higher than ATE-APT.Conclusions APT-ATE/miRNA might be useful for preclinical and clinical studies on the treatment of bone-metastatic PCa.

Objective To research the changes of calcium regulation hormone and bone mineral density (BMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) patients and analyze the main impact factors. Methods 117 T2DM patients (T2DM group ,M/F=52/65 ,age 40~79 years) and 63 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy people (NC group) were selected in this study. According to the course of diabetes ,blood glucose control and the value of BMD ,T2DM patients were divided into subgroups :course≤10 years ,and>10 years ;HbA1 c≤8% ,and>8% ;normal BMD ,osteopenia ,and osteoporosis (OP). Serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ]and Parathormone (PTH) were measured and BMDs of lumbar spine (L1 ~L4 ) , femoral neck ,total hip ,and whole body were evaluated for all the subjects. Result (1)Compared with NC group ,the level of serum 25(OH)D3 and BMDs of femoral neck and total hip decreased significantly in T2DM group[ (35.57 ± 12.30)nmol/L ,(0.848 ± 0.136)g/cm2 ,(0.873 ± 0.150)g/cm2 vs(44.94 ± 17.40) nmol/L ,(0.927 ± 0.173)g/cm2 ,(0.934 ± 0.140)g/cm2 ,respectively ,P<0.01 or P<0.05)]. The level of PTH increased in T2DM group[ (8.50 ± 4.15) vs(5.62 ± 3.93)pmol/L ,P<0.01]. (2)Compared with the group duration of diabetes≤10 years ,BMD of femoral neck and total hip decreased in patients with duration of diabetes>10 years[ (0.814 ± 0.148) ,(0.840 ± 0.157) vs (0.882 ± 0.111) ,(0.908 ± 0.139) g/cm2 ,respectively ,P<0.05]. The level of PTH increased [(10.55 ± 9.09) vs (7.06 ± 3.74)pmol/L , P<0.05)]. 25(OH)D3 and total body BMD have no significant difference(P>0.05). (3)Compared with HbA1c≤8% group ,BMD of femoral neck and total hip in HbA1c> 8% group decreased [(0.830 ± 0.131) ,(0.832 ± 0.161) vs (0.891 ± 0.130) ,(0.949 ± 0.130)g/cm2 ,respectively ,P<0.05]. The level of PTH increased [(9.96±8.80) vs (7.21±3.98)pmol/L ,P<0.05]. 25(OH)D3and total body BMD have no significant difference(P> 0.05). (4)The rates of OP and osteopenia (41.03% ,47.86% ) in T2DM were higher than those in NC group (26.98% ,33.33% ) (χ2 =4.367 ,4.669 ,P<0.05). The duration of diabetes and the levels of HbA1c and PTH were longer or higher in OP group than those with normal BMD or osteopenia (P<0.05). (5)Logistic regression analysis showed that BMD negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes ,HbA1c ,and PTH (β= 0.076 ,0.213 ,0.112 ,respectively ,P< 0.05) ,and positively correlated with 25(OH)D3 (β= -0.043 ,P<0.05). Conclusion The values of BMD decreased and the incidence of OP is higher in T2DM patients ,particularly in patients with longer diabetic duration and poor glycemic control.

Objective To observe the changes of foot processes,expression and distribution of transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6) in podocytes by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) and dexamethasone (DEX) intervention,then to investigate the function of TRPC6 in podocytes and its relation to proteinuria in kidney diseases.Methods Podocytes cultured in vitro were divided into three group:control group,PAN stimulation group and DEX intervention group.Mouse podocyte cell line (MPC5) were cultured in 0.02％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in control group,subjected to PAN (50 μg/ml) treatment alone or with DEX (1 μmol/L) in other two groups for 8 h,24 h,48 h.The podocyte morphology was observed and took pictures by phase-contrast microscope,then the differences of morphology and areas were analyzed.The distribution,mRNA expression and protein expression of TRPC6 were detected by indirect immunocyto-fluorescence,real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results The well-developed podocyte arborization and interconnection was formed in control group,but PAN led to significant shrinkage of podocytes (P ＜ 0.05),together with podocyte foot process retraction,effacement and loss of cell contact.DEX significantly prevented the shrinkage and apoptosis of podocytes.The apoptosis rate was significantly increased after PAN stimulated 48 h (P ＜ 0.05).Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting found TRPC6 mRNA and protein expression were prone to increase in PAN group compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05).The distribution of TRPC6 becamed abnormal in PAN group.DEX decreased TRPC6 mRNA and protein expression at 48 h compared with PAN group (P ＜ 0.05).The abnormal distribution of TRPC6 was also alleviated by the protection of DEX.Conclusion DEX exerts a direct action to podocyte which retains the integrity of slit diaphragm against podocyte injury,and alleviates proteinuria via stabilizing mRNA,protein expression and distribution of TRPC6.

Objective To observe the effects of one kind of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE1) drugs fosinopril (FOS) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)and β1- integrin( Itg-31 ) expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC)induced by lipopolysacchatide (LPS).Methods We established the cultured glomerular mesangial cells of rat in vitro and passages 3 ～ 10 of cells were used in the experiment after identification.The experiment included the following groups:Control group,LPS induced group (LPS group) and FOS intervened group.According to the different concentrations of FOS,FOS intervened group was divided into high,middle and low dose FOS groups,which were FOS1 group,FOS2 group and FOS3 group respectively.The changes of TGF-β1 protein secretion was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay; The changes of TGF-β1 and Itg-β1 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Results (1) TGF-β1protein secretion in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points:They were 958.55 ± 34.67 ( ng/L),1052.05 ±48.59( ng/L),1166.06 + 35.39 (ng/L) respectively in Control group.They were 1342.12 + 39.87 ( ng/L),1432.31 + 39.33 (ng/L) and 1 537.77 + 43.79 (ng/L) respectively in LPS group,which were higher significantly than those in Control group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).They were 779.58 ± 48.64 ( ng/L),878.33 ± 29.50 (ng/L) and 962.57 ±31.94( ng/L) in FOS1 group,989.311±73.56(ng/L),1073.29±66.89(ng/L) and 1210.75 ±61.68(ng/L) in FOS2 group,1 253.78 ±45.32( ng/L),1 348.18 ±45.81 (ng/L) and 1450.06 ±46.24( ng/L) in FOS3 group respectively,which were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group (all P＜O.01).(2)TGF-β1 mRNA expressions in rat GMC at6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.TGF-β1 mRNA expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.( 3 ) Itg-β1 mRNA expressiones in rat GMC at 6h,12h,24h three time points were higher significantly than that in Control group.Itg-β1 expressions were lower significantly in all FOS intervened groups than that in LPS group.Conclusions LPS can induce the increase of TGF-β1 secretion and mRNA expression.FOS can inhibit the TGF-β1 secrection and mRNA expession in GMC as dose-dependent manner,at the same time down regulated the Itg-β1 mRNA expression iuduced by LPS.All above supply the theoretical evidence for the renal protection of FOS by non-hemodynamics mechanism.

Objective To investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in Dexamethasone (DEX) inhibiting podocytes apoptosis which was induced by Puromycin (PAN).Methods Mouse glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro,and were divided into control group,dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,PAN group,DEX group,and LY294002 (inhibitor of PI3 K) group.The mRNA expression of CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) was measured by using real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and intracellular distribution was detected by using indirect immunofluorescence staining.Co localization of CD2AP and p85 was detected by using confocal fluorescence microscopy.The expressions of Akt,phosphorylated (p)-Akt,glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3 β) and phosphorylated (p)-GSK3β were evaluated by using Western blot.Results The expressions of CD2AP mRNA in PAN group at each time point (8 h,24 h,48 h) (1.11 ± 0.16,0.78 ±0.09,0.56 ± 0.43) were significantly lower than those in the control group (1.90 ± 0.26,2.09 ± 0.12,2.28 ±0.95),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05);CD2AP distributed in foot process with uniform filament and discontinuous coarse particle around perinuclear;CD2AP and p85 distributed in cell membrane and cytoplasm evenly in control group,but accumulated in nuclei in the PAN group.The expressions of CD2AP mRNA in DEX group at each time point (8 h,24 h,48 h) (1.53 ± 0.14,2.15 ± 0.27,2.13 ± 0.15) were significantly higher than those in the PAN group,and the differences were also statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05);the distribution density and range of CD2AP were greater than those in the PAN group,and the accumulation with p85 in nuclei decreased obviously.The expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK3β were inhibited by PAN in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜0.05).The expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK3 β were lowest after PAN stimulated at 15 min and 30 min respectively.However,the expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK3 β increased depending on the concentration of DEX (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK3 β could be blocked by LY294002 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion DEX can protect podocytes and inhibit podocytes apoptosis through stabilizing the expression and distribution of CD2AP.The stale expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is the key factor in DEX protecting podocytes.

Purpose To investigate the value of cytopathological diagnosis in combination with histopathological diagnosis for peripherial and diffuse lung diseases by biopsy specimens under CT guidance.Methods A total of 370 cases of lung biopsy specimens under CT guidance were reviewed.The correlation between cytopathological diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis was analyzed.The sensitivity and false negative rate of cytopathological diagnosis,histopathological diagnosis and the combinational diagnosis method were calculated,and the accordance rate of cytopathological diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis was analyzed.Results Among the 370 cases,histopathological diagnosis revealed 177 (47.84％) cancers,22 (5.95 ％) malignant tumors,16 (4.32％) suspicious malignancy,12 (3.24％) atypical cells and 143 (38.65 ％)negative findings,whereas the corresponding number for cytopathological diagnosis were 166(44.87％),10(2.70％),16(4.32％),49(13.24％)and 129(34.87％).The two diagnosis methods were correlated (P ＜ 0.001).The sensitivity of cytopathological diagnosis,histopathological diagnosis and the combinational method were 80.00％ (192/240),89.58％ (215/240) and 98.33％ (236/240),respectively.The eytopathologieal diagnosis and the histopathologieal diagnosis had a statistically significant difference in the sensitivity (P ＜ 0.05).The difference in sensitivity between the combinational method and the histopathological diagnosis was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).Overall,66.15％ (127/192) of the cytopathogically positive cases were precisely typed by cytopathological diagnosis.Complications during or after the operation were found in 14.59％ of cases,among which 31 had pneumothorax and 23 had bleeding in the needle passage or bloody sputum,all improving after appropriate treatment.Conclusion Percutaneous lung biopsy under CT guidance is a safe,sensitive and accurate method for diagnosis of lung diseases,and the combinational use of cytopathological diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis significantly increases the rate of diagnosis and has a favorable clinical application value.

The clinical data of a child with perianal necrotizing fasciitis admitted to the Department of Pedia-trics of Guangzhou First People′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The child, girl, more than 5 months old, the clinical features of the onset of fever and diarrhea, only 10 days after the onset, the child′s skin progressed from redness and swelling to perianal skin and soft tissue ulcers, fat liquefaction, visible rectum exposure.After surgical incision, thorough debridement and drainage and selection of sensitive antibiotics, the child recovered and was discharged.Perianal necrotizing fasciitis is a rare necrotizing soft tissue infection caused by a variety of bacterial infections.Because its early performance is difficult to distinguish, the symptoms are serious, and the mortality rate is high.It should been pain attention in clinical work.

Objective To observe the effect of puromycin aminonucleoside(PAN) on the expressions of CD2associated protein (CD2AP) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K) p85 in induced podocytes,and to explore the significance of abnormal expression of CD2AP in apoptosis of podocytes in vitro.Methods Mouse podocytes were injected into the control group and the PAN treatment group (PAN group).The cells were cultured for 8 h,24 h and 48 h respectively.The podocyte morphology was observed by phase-contrast microscope.The apoptosis ratio of podocytes was determined with flow cytometry.The mRNA expression of CD2AP was detected by real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The protein expressions of CD2AP and PI3K p85 were detected by Western blot,respectively.The distributions and the relationships between CD2AP and PI3K p85 in the podocytes were detected by confocal fluorescence microscopy.Results PAN treatment led to significant shrinkage of podocytes with decreasing distribution tendency,podocyte foot process retraction as well as effacement and loss of cell contact.Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate was increased at 24 h and 48 h[(7.52 ± 1.35)％,(17.09 ±2.53)％ vs (4.32 ±0.81％,(6.81 ± 1.34)％] in PAN group and the differences were significant (t =4.98,8.79,all P ＜ 0.05) ;CD2AP mRNA expression tended to decrease at each time point,and the differences were significant (0.34 ± 0.12,0.46 ±0.21,0.47 ± 0.10 vs 0.62 ± 0.23,0.97 ± 0.14,0.96 ± 0.23),and there were statistical differences (t =2.64,4.95,4.79,all P ＜ 0.05) ;CD2AP and PI3K p85 protein expressions tended to decrease at 24 h (0.36 ± 0.12,0.61 ± 0.20 vs 0.64 ±0.23,0.97 ±0.31) and 48 h(0.27 ± 0.15,0.48 ± 0.20 vs 0.51 ± 0.20,0.84 ± 0.35),and the differences were significant(t =2.64,2.31,2.35,2.40,all P ＜ 0.05).In the control group,the distribution of CD2AP was uniformly filamentary structure in cytoplasm and nucleus of podocytes,after PAN treatment the distribution of CD2AP changed to discontinuous coarse granular concentrated in the perinuclear.Immunocyte fluorescence showed that the distribution and the relationships between CD2AP and PI3K p85 in the podocytes became abnormal.Conclusions When the apoptosis of podocytes was induced by PAN,the expression and distribution of CD2AP were abnormal.CD2AP may play an important role in the survival of podocytes though the PI3K signaling pathway.

Objective: To observe the effects of glycyrrhizin on laminin (LN) expression in kidney tissue and excretory quantity of urine protein of rats with adriamycin nephropathy, and to explore the protective effects of glycyrrhizin on glomerulosclerosis. METHODS: Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group (n=6), untreated group (n=6) and glycyrrhizin-treated group (n=6). Adriamycin nephropathy was induced in rats in the last two groups by intravenous injection of adriamycin. The rats in the glycyrrhizin-treated group were fed glycyrrhizin for eight weeks, whereas the rats in the normal control group and untreated group were fed normal saline solution for eight weeks too. The levels of 24 h urine protein (Upr), serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum cholesterol (Ch) of rats in each group were examined before treatment and after the treatment for four and eight weeks. The renal morphological changes were observed under a microscope. The expression level of LN in renal tissue was detected by streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex (SABC) method. RESULTS: The levels of 24 h Upr after the treatment for four and eight weeks in the glycyrrhizin-treated group were both significantly decreased as compared with those in the untreated group. The pathological morphological changes of renal tissue in the glycyrrhizin-treated group were remarkably alleviated, and the expression level of LN in renal tissue was also decreased in the glycyrrhizin-treated group as compared with those in the untreated group. CONCLUSION: The glycyrrhizin exerts certain protective effects on adriamycin nephropathy in rats by reducing excretory quantity of urine protein, decreasing expression level of LN in renal tissue, improving renal function and lessening the severity degree of glomerulosclerosis so as to retard the development of glomerulosclerosis.