Objective To study the effect of Xuebijing injection on the change of intestinal tract mucosa barriers and the expression of macrophage antihody in rats with sepsis. Method Totally 150 Wistar rats were ran-domly divided into three groups: sham group, sepsis group, and Xuebijing group. Sepsis models were estabhshed in rats by cecal ligation and puncture. The success standards of sepsis included fever, the increase of respiration rate,increased heart rate and change in leukocyte count. At 12 hours before operation, and after operation the rats in the Xuebijing group were injected with 4 mL/kg Xuebijing (once every 12 hours for 3 days), and the rats in the others two groups were injected with the same volume of saline, the image analytical system were used to detect the pathological change of intestinal tract mucosa harriers and the expression of macrophage antibody in three groups. All the data were analyzed by rank-sum test and variance analysis(F test). Results Almost all the mucous mem-brahe of small intestine in sham groups were normal. The mucous membrane lesions of small intestine developed in sepsis and Xuebijing groups after 12,24,48,72 hours, and the lesion was severer in sepsis group than that in the Xuebijing group (H=19.732, P<0.01). There were no significant differences on the expression of macrophage antibody in mucous membrane of small intestine between three groups at 3 hours. But at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the expression of macmphage antibody of sepsis and Xnebijing groups increased with time (F=560.13, P< 0.05). Conclusions At the early period of sepsis, intestinal tract mucosa barriers develops varying degrees of damage, and Xnebijing can partly protect intestinal tract mucosa barriers.

Tetanus consists of neonatal tetanus and non-neonatal tetanus. Although neonatal tetanus in China has been eliminated since 2012, non-neonatal tetanus remains a serious public health problem. Non-neonatal tetanus is a potential fatal disease, and the mortality rate of severe cases is almost 100% in the absence of medical intervention. Even with vigorous treatment, the mortality rate is still 30~50% globally. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of non-neonatal tetanus in China, this specification is hereby formulated. This standard includes etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, classification, grading and treatment of non-neonatal tetanus.

Tetanus consists of neonatal tetanus and non-neonatal tetanus. Non-neonatal tetanus remains a serious public health problem, although neonatal tetanus has been eliminated in China since 2012. Non-neonatal tetanus is a potential fatal disease. In the absence of medical intervention, the mortality rate of severe cases is almost 100%. Even with vigorous treatment, the mortality rate remains 30%-50% globally. These specifications aim to regulate non-neonatal tetanus diagnosis and treatment in China, in order to improve medical quality and safety. These specifications introduce the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, grading and treatment of non-neonatal tetanus.