Obesity is one of the major risk factors of primary hypertension,with the dramatic increase in obesity.Obesity-induced hypertension also gradually increases.Due to promoting the occurrence and development of high blood pressure,obesity has caused wide public concern.In recent years,the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypertension has become the study hotspot.However,fat and blood pressure relationship is complicated.This review article emphatically reviewed the activation of the sympathetic nervous system,the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation,insulin and insulin resistance,leptin and leptin resistance,the gastrointestinal tract anomalies in the pathogenesis of obesity hypertension of the latest research progress.

Influence of Carthamus tinctorius L. has been studied on Ca2+ transmembrane influx in rat aorta when its extract was used at 5, 50, 500?g/ml. It was shown that the resting 45Ca influx in rat aorta ring was not altered by C. tinctorius but the 45Ca influx evoked by norepinephrine (1.2 x 10-6 mol/L ) and KCl solution (100mmol/L) was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that the receptor-operated Ca2+ channel (ROC) and potential-dependent Ca2+ channel (PDC) in cell membrane of smooth muscle could be blocked by C.tinetorus as well as by verapamil.

Objective To explore the reporting process of our health risk warning system and its long-term effectiveness.Methods A total of 1 168 individuals who were identified as higher risk populations from July 2011 to June 2012 in our Health Mangement Center were served as the control group,and another 973 adults who were identified as higher risk individuals from July 2012 to May 2013 were assigned to the study group.Diagnosis and treatment were based on our health risk reporting process and follow-up system.Paired t test and paired contingency table x2 test were used for data analysis.Results The rate of follow-up (97％ vs 100％,x2=30.503,P＜0.05),consultation (83.48％ vs 93.63％,x2=52.142,P＜ 0.05),mean treatment time ((3.0±0.5) vs (1.5±0.5) d,t=69.12,P＜0.05) and patient satisfaction (87.84％ vs 96.20％,x2=48.361,P＜0.05) were significantly different between the two groups,although no statistically significant difference of incidence of adverse events was found (0.26％ vs 0.10％,x2 =0.102,P＞0.05).Conclusion Our health risk warning system may reduce the time for physical examination and improve disease diagnosis level and patients' satisfaction.Moreover,our health manatement system and health service quality should further be improved in practice.

Objectives To observe the expression of death receptor 6 (DR6) in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage (HIBD). Methods HIBD was induced in day 7 rats. The expression of DR6 at 24 h, 72 h and 7 d after HIBD and the expression of Caspase-3 at 24 h were evaluated by immunostaining. The injury of neural cells was evaluated by cresyl violet at 7 d after HIBD. The cognitive function was evaluated by T-maze test at 60 d after HIBD. Results DR6 positive cells were the most abundant in the ipsilateral cortex at 24 h after HIBD, and decreased gradually at 72 h and 7 d after HIBD. There was signiifcant difference of the expression of DR6 among different time points in HIBD group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, DR6 positive cells were more abundant in the ipsilateral cortex at 24 h and 72 h after HIBD (P<0.01) and caspase-3 positive cells were more abundant in the ipsilateral cortex at 24 h after HIBD (P<0.05). The number of cortical neurons were decreased at 7 d after HIBD as compared with control group (P<0.05). The T-maze test showed there was decline of the cognition in HIBD group com-pared with control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The DR6 signaling pathway plays an important role in cerebral cortex injury which may lead to the subsequent neurofunctional deifcits in neonatal HIBD rats.

Objective To observe the structure changes of the synapse of the neurons in hippocampus CA3 of young rats and study the basis for the mechanism of polyene phosphatidyl in providing learning and memory and the effect on synaptic plasticity.Methods A total of 20 Wistar rats with 5 months were randomly divided into polyene phosphatidyl group and normal control group.Each group had 10 rats.After 4 weeks feeding,Water maze training was peformed in all the rats for 1 weeks.The immue expressions of synapsin(SYN) of the rats in polyene phosphatidyl group and control groups were observed with immunohistochemical method and analyzed by MOTAC imagine analyzing system.The change of synapse of hippocamal CA3 was observed with electron microscope.And the other 24 to 26 months rats were selected as aged group,and fed in the same condition.Moreover,the ultrastructures of hippocamal CA3 of aged rats were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results The SYN in polyene phosphatidyl group(0.430 0?0.022 4) was higher than that in control group(0.3567?0.0209) (P

Objective To analyze the relationship between serum Th1/Th2 cytokines levels and autoantibodies against thyroid, and explore the role of Th1/Th2 cellular immunity imbalance in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases(AITD). Methods 21 patients with Graves'desease(GD), 18 cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT), 17 cases with non-toxic nodular goiter(NTNG) and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The serum concentrations of their Th1 cytokines (IFN-?,IL-2) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4,IL-10) were assayed by ELISA. The serum levels of their thyrotropin receptor antibodies(TRAb), thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies(TPOAb) were measured by routine methods. The relationship between the serum Th1, Th2 cytokines levels and serum TRAb, TGAb, TPOAb levels were analyzed. Results The serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in patients with GD were significantly higher than those in patients with HT,NTNG and healthy subjects(P

In order to probe into the relationship between the TCM syndrome types and the five indices of fibrotic markers of liver in serum, the HA, hPC I , IV - C in 160 of liver cirrhosis patients induced by chronic hepatitis were examined. Results showed that the 5 indices in all TCM syndrome types were all higher than the control group, each with its specificity. The increased amplitude in the group of liver - stagnant, spleen - deficiency was the least one. It was also found that the 3 indices of liver fibrosis in the group of internal blockade of damp - heat were markedly increased; it was mainly the increase of HA, hPC I in the group of yin-deficiency of both liver - kidney and obstruction of collaterals by static blood; but it was mainly the increase of HA, W - C in the group of Yang - deficiency of spleen and kidney. This demonstrated that the above indices were of significance in TCM syndrome typing for chronic hepatic victims. Lingering of damp -heat may be the trigger factor for liver fibrosis in which blood stasis was present during the whole course of liver fibrosis.

Objective To explore the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and dyslipidemia in Chinese adults and to find out an optimal threshold of WHtR for predicting dyslipidemia.Methods A total of 221 270 adults from 4 health checkup centers nationwide were selected by using cluster random sampling method.Height,body weight,waist circumference (WC),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were measured.Body mass index (BMI) and WHtR were then calculated.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) was analyzed and optimal cutoffs were estimated by maximizing the sums of sensitivity and specificity.Results WHtR showed the largest AUCs in the participants with higher TC,TG and LDL-C,followed by increased WC and BMI.In male and female,the optimal thresholds of WHtR,WC and BMI for predicting dyslipidemia were 0.49-0.50 and 0.47-0.49,83-85and 73-76 cm,and 24-25 and 22-23 kg/m2,respectively.Conclusion WHtR may be superior to WC and BMI for predicting dyslipidemia,and an unisex cutoff of 0.5 should be recommended.

Objective To evaluate the effect of graded management of health in hypertensive populations.Methods Hypertensive adults who were detected in health checkup between January 2008 and June 2011 and with no severe liver or kidney disease,chronic consumptive disease and cancer were enrolled in this investigation.Those with low or modest hypertensive risk received grade 2health management,and those with high or extreme high risk got grade 3health management.At the end of the intervention,50％ participants were randomly selected in each year(1441 in 2008,1508 in 2009,1533 in 2010,and 1601 in 2011) to compare lifestyle modification,blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipid profiles by using multiDunnett's t test and x2 analyses.Results In both grade 2 and 3 health management groups,compared with baseline,high-salt diet,current cigarette smoking,alcohol consumption and insufficient physical activity were significantly improved after intervention (x2 values were 154.27 and 81.16,52.43 and 9.37,61.40 and 12.13,46.54 and 12.05,respectively; all P ＜ 0.05).Blood glucose in grade 2 health management group and waistline in grade 3 health management group showed no significant change.Body weight,blood glucose,blood lipid profiles and serum creatinine of grade 2 health management group were significantly declined after intervention.In both groups,systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased(F values were 13.12 and 56.86,56.86 and 239.89,respectively; all P ＜0.05),and those with normal blood pressure were increased from 28.8％ and 23.4％ to 37.9％ and 28.2％ in grade 2 and 3 health management groups(F values were 12.78 and 22.93,respectively ; all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion These data suggest the beneficial effects of graded management of health on blood pressure control and reduced risks of cardiovascular disease.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)inhibitor SP600125 against acute liver failure in mice.Methods Fifty-five male C57/BL6 mice were divided into control group (n =30) and SP600125 group (n =25).The animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN,400 mg/kg body weight)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS,30 μg/kg body weight).The control group and SP600125 group were given 10％ dimethyl sulfoxide (15 mL/kg body weight) or SP600125 (75 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously 12 h and 1 h before D-GalN/LPS administration,respectively.D GalN/LPS induced mouse JNK activation was detected by immunohistochemistry for phospho JNK (p-JNK).D-GalN/LPS induced mouse liver cell apoptosis was detected by immunohistochemistry for Caspase-3 and TdT-mediated-dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL).Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level was tested to assess liver injury.Survival rate of mice within 24 h after D-GalN/LPS administration was observed.The comparison between groups was done by t test and survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results JNK activity in liver tissues,as indicated by observation of p-JNK positive cells by immunohistochemistry,was diminished 4 h after D-GalN/LPS administration in SP600125 group.Reduced Caspase-3 activity was observed 6 h after D-GalN/LPS administration in SP600125 group (as indicated in immunohistochemistry by Caspase-3 positive cells).Mice in SP600125 group showed significantly lower TUNEL-positive cell count than control group (43.0±24.5 vs 194.7±73.8; t=9.743,P=0.000).Serum ALT level 6 h after D-GalN/LPS administration was (24.0±54.7) U/L in SP600125 group,which was significantly lower than that in control group [(1234.4±478.4) U/L; t=4.734,P=0.0015].SP600125 also significantly improved the survival rate within 24 h after D-GalN/LPS administration (4/5 vs 1/10； x2=5.225,P=0.0223).Conclusions JNK inhibitor SP600125 exerts protective effects against D-GalN/LPS induced acute liver failure in mice by suppressing JNK activation and hepatocyte apoptosis.