Informed consent is one of the basic ethical rules for living related kidney transplantation.Doctors have obligations of informing before kidney transplantation.The advantages and disadvantages of each treatment should be introduced to uremic patients and their relatives to let them know that kidney transplantation is not the only choice for treating uremia.Both donors and recipients of living kidney transplantation should be informed of the clinical effects,all kinds of complications and their risks,and the importance of treatment compliance after operation.Donors should be notified with the interests,complications and risks in period of donating operation and long-term after operation,and should be notified with the interests and risks in some special conditions for exchanging donation.Voluntary donation should fulfill that donators make the decision of donation under a fully understanding of the risks of living kidney transplantation and being fully assessed by themselves,and cheating,luring and sealing kidneys for economic interests are ruled out in making consent.Persons with incapability can not be donors even if they had made the consents of donation.In order to make sure that the decision of donation is made under the condition that living donors and recipients have known the fact thoroughly,ethics committee should inspect the "consent of kidney transplantation of living donation" and "consent of operation" offered to donors and recipients by hospital to make sure that donors and recipients have been fully notified with the current situation,clinical effects and possible complications of living kidney transplantation by doctors.This measure can make sure that donors and recipients make the decision based on knowing the fact thoroughly and sign the consent personally.

Object To study the chemical constituents of Hypericum sampsonii Hance from Yunnan Province Methods Cytotoxicity screening of extracts from wild and cultivated H sampsonii was carried out by L 1210 cell and KB cell Chemical constituents for wild H sampsonii were isolated by column chromatography The chemical structures were identified by physical and chemical properties and spectral data analysis Results Six compounds have been isolated and established as 1 benzoyl 3 (3 methyl 2 butenyl) 6, 6, 13, 13 tetramethyl 11 geranyl 5 lxatetracycol[7 3 1 0 3, 7 0 4, 11 ] tridecane 2, 12 dione (sampsonione A, Ⅰ); 1 benzoyl 5 (1 hydroxy isopropyl) 6, 6, 13, 13 tetramethyl 11 geranyl tetracycol [7 3 1 1 0 3, 7 ] tetradecane 2, 12, 14 trione (sampsonione F, Ⅱ); 3 (1 hydroxy 5 methyl 4 hexenyl) 6, 10 di (3 methyl 2 butyryl) 8 benzoyl 9, 9 dimethyl 4 oxatricycol [6 3 1 0 1, 5 ] 5 dodecene 7, 12 dione (sampsonione K, Ⅲ); 1,2 dihydro 3, 6, 8 trihydroxy 1, 1 bis (3 methyl but 2 enyl) xanthen 2, 9 dione (patulone, Ⅳ); 1, 7 dihydroxy 4 methoxy xanthone (Ⅴ) and 1, 3, 6, 7 tetrahydroxy 8 (3 methyl but 2 enyl) xanthone (Ⅵ) Conclusion Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅵ are first obtained from H sampsonii In addition, the fractions of chloroform extracting and ethyl acetate extracting possess anticancer activities by cytotoxicity tests

Objective To investigate the current dyslipidemia profiles and correlation with etiological factors in early stage post-transplantation, and the impact of lipid metabolic disorder on renal function. Methods The clinical data of 1032 renal allografts from eight hospitals in Beijing between 2004 and 2008 were collected and evaluated retrospectively. Before and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month post-transplantation, the changes in blood total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were analyzed. The difference in the blood lipid disorder at different stages stratified by time and different age group, the effects of immunosuppressive agents on blood lipid, and the impact of blood lipid disorder on the blood creatinine were studied. Results Except HDL-cholesterol, TC, LDL-cholesterol and TG levels were increased gradually at the first year, especially LDL-cholesterol and TG. The TC and LDL-choleaterol abnormalities were obviously related with age (P<0. 01 ). The effect of Tacrolimus (Tac)-based immunosuppressive regimen on the lipid metabolic disorder was less than cyclosporine (CsA). At the first year, there was no significant difference in blood creatinine between lipid-lowering treatment and non-lipid-lowering treatment (P>0. 05). For the recipients not subject to lipid-lowering treatment and their TG level higher than the normal at the first month after operation, the creatinine level at the first year was significantly higher than in those with normal TG level (P< 0. 05). Conclusion The lipid metabolic disorder following renal transplantation is a common complication after the first transplant year, and was related with age and immunosuppressive agent regimen. Tac-based immunosuppressive regimen has little effects on the blood lipid metabolism.

Aim: To study the synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of p-(sulfamyl) benzylidene-linked hetero-cyclic ketone derivatives. Methods: A series of p-(sulfamyl) benzylidene-linked heterocyclic ketone derivatives were synthesized. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated against xylene-induced ear oedema in mice and against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Gastrointestinal side effects in the rats were also examined after continu-ous introgastric administration of these compounds once daily for 7 days. Results: Twelve compounds( LHZ-101-LHZ-112) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR, ~1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. LHZ-105, LHZ-106 and LHZ-111 exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity in xylene-induced mice ear swelling model. LHZ-106 and LHZ-111 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw ede-ma model. LHZ-105, LHZ-106 and LHZ-111 had less gastrointestinal side effects than diclofenac sodium and CI-1004. Conclusion: These results suggest that some of these compounds have the potential for anti-inflammatory activity with few gastrointestinal side effects.

Tissue engineering is a comprehensive discipline that combines materials science, life sciences, and engineering to repair, and improve and preserve damaged tissues or organs through cell or tissue reconstruction. In recent years, with the rapid development of tissue engineering technology, tissue engineering trachea has gradually become a new approach to tracheal replacement therapy. However, due to the slender and periodic distribution of the blood vessels supplying the trachea, tracheal grafts cannot obtain sufficient blood supply to maintain its demand, making its vascularization problem one of the major obstacles to the development of tissue engineering trachea. In the construction of tissue engineering trachea, the vascularization strategy of seed cells, tracheal scaffold and growth factors have gradually become the focus of research. In this paper, the current researches on tissue engineering tracheal vascularization were reviewed.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of highly-heterogeneous clonal diseases. Chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are considered as effective treatment for AML. For high-risk AML patients, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective therapeutic option. However, some AML patients may still face the problem of disease recurrence after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A majority of recurrent patients cannot be effectively treated by chemotherapy or secondary transplantation, which is the main cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, it is of significance to strengthen follow-up of AML patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and implement appropriate measures to prevent postoperative recurrence. In this article, the monitoring, drug prevention and cell therapy of recurrence after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in high-risk AML patients were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for improving clinical prognosis of high-risk AML patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

With the development of precision medicine in the field of tumor,thanks to the latest screening technology,the demand for real-time monitoring of tumor is increasingly high.Traditional tissue biopsy is not suitable for repeated due to clinical problems such as puncture clinical risk and tumor heterogeneity.Ultrasound,endoscopy and other imaging examinations are highly subjective,and it is difficult to detect small lesions,and increasingly unable to meet the requirements of real-time monitoring.However,circulating tumor DNA,with its advantages of simple sample acquisition,small trauma,repeatability and real-time monitoring efficacy,has an important application prospect in tumor diagnosis and treatment.Based on the latest reports at home and abroad,this paper reviews the research progress of circulating tumor DNA in the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of esophageal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the impacts of air temperature on years of life lost(YLL) among the residents in Guangzhou and Zhuhai,Guangdong province. Methods Daily mortality and meteorology data in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were collected,and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM)was used to evaluate the cumulative and delayed effects of daily air temperature on YLL of total non-accident mortality. The accumulative effect of air temperature on mortality under the extreme high temperature(0-1 days)and extreme low temperature(0-13 days)situation in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were analyzed respectively. Results The average YLL was 1 928.0 in Guangzhou and 202.5 in Zhuhai. The exposure-response functions seemed to be non-linear. The hot effect seemed to be acute and reached the peak at the same day,while the cold effect reached the peak at 5th days and lasted for about two weeks. Low temperature had stronger gross effect than high temperature had. The cold effect among males was greater than that among females in Guangzhou. The hot/cold effect on YLL was greater in people aged ≥65 years than in people aged <65 years and in people suffering from respiratory disease than in people suffering from cardiovascular disease in both Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Conclusion The effects of high and low temperatures on YLL were obvious,and the impact of low temperature was greater. The elderly and people suffering from respiratory disease or cardiovascular disease are the vulnerable populations.

Objective Grey red-backed voles (Myodes rufocanus) are agile, fierce and hard to catch, thus, it is difficult to judge their gender by external appearance, especially for the juvenile voles. Therefore, it may cause difficulties to their allocation and later breeding in laboratories. The aim of this paper is to establish a rapid, simple and accurate method for gender identification of grey red-backed voles. Methods Fresh hair follicles were taken from 6 adult male voles, 3 adult females and 14 4-week-old juvenile voles, 5 male and 5 female 9-week-old Wistar rats, and 5 male and 3 female 6-week-old BALB/c mice. The genomic DNA was extracted using Chelex-100 resin and the zinc-finger Y/X gene (ZFY/ZFX) and the gene of sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) chromosome were amplified by PCR, and a double PCR amplification method was established. Results The ZFY/ZFX gene and SRY gene were simultaneously amplified from the male voles, while only the ZFY/ZFX gene was amplified from the females. The gender of all 23 voles, 10 Wistar rats and 8 BALB/c mice were correctly identified with this method, and the PCR results were consistent with the phenotypic and autopsy results. Conclusions Using fresh hair follicles as experimental materials for gender identification of grey redbacked voles can alleviate shock and damage to the animals. The established double PCR amplification method is accurate, simple, rapid, and deserves to be used for gender identification of grey red-backed voles.

Objective To understand the barriers of surrogate decision-makers participating in the advanced care planning(ACP)for patients with advanced cancer,and to provide references for the construction and intervention of educational programs.Methods Under the guidance of ternary reciprocal determinism,qualitative research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 12 surrogate decision makers of advanced cancer patients in 2 tertiary hospitals of Zhejiang Province,and the data was analyzed using targeted content analysis.Results Based on the theory,the influencing factors of participating in ACP of the surrogate decision-makers of patients with advanced cancer were summarized into 3 themes:individual level-dual restriction of subjective thought and objective ability(value restriction,cognitive understanding deviation,economic condition restriction,patient's situation control),environment level-synergistic influence of medical environment and social environment(limited medical conditions,pressure from public moral opinion,insufficient policy guarantee,lack of family consensus),behavior level-interaction of external guidance and internal feedback(lack of guidance of medical staff,experience support of medical decision-making).Conclusion Surrogate decision-makers of patients with advanced cancer face many pressures before participating in the ACP.Under the guidance of the theory of knowledge,belief and practice,medical staff can give them pre-established medical care knowledge to correct their cognitive bias.Medical staff can guide the realization of"family-centered"decision-making mode to strengthen the family support of surrogate decision-makers.Medical staff also can lead the establishment of a surrogate decision-makers support group to share decision-making experience and provide medical decision-making assistance.