T-type calcium channels present in cardiovascular, neuronal and endocrine systems, and they are now receiving attention as novel therapeutic targets. It plays important roles in multiple cellular functions and genes those encode the T-type calcium channels have been recently reported. Many drugs and compounds non-specifically block T-type calcium channels. We review circumstances of the research of T- type calcium channels in the molecular structure, distribution, function, regulation and the related drugs.

Objective To promote worldwide standardization of methods to determine creatinine by tracing to reference measurement for achieving universal accuracy measurement of creatinine.Methods The results of external laboratory assessment (EQA) survey in China and CAP were compared and analyzed. Results There was significant difference among different measurement methods and assay systems.Conclusion It should promote worldwide standardization of determine creatinine, which makes it trace to reference measurement liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LC-IDMS).

[Objective]To analyze the reason for osteofascial compartment syndrome caused by tardive massive bleeding and to discuss the first-aid measure to treat continuing bleeding in operation.[Method]There were 5 cases in this study.Two osteofascial compartment syndrome with tardive haematoma were caused by secondary disturbances of blood coagulation.One iliopsoas muscle haematoma was caused by over-dose of warfarin(WARF).Vitamine K was applied to anti-warfarin and depressed haematoma by ultrasonic guiding puncturation aider a pause of warfarin.The other one suffered from continuing bleeding after a depression operation on right femoral bone haematoma.The bleeding could not be stopped until carbasus obturation and a supplementary of lood coagulation factor.The carbasus were taken out 36 hours later.Three traumatic pseudoaneurysm rupture happened to superior gluteal artec,arteriae tibialis posterior and deep femoral artery separately.The bleeding artery was ligated and removed the body of the blood tumor in these three cases.In addition,arterial embolism was applied in two of them before operation.[Result]No recurrence happened to the case with iliopsoas muscle haematoma after 16 weeks as a result of absorption and degeneration.As the patient with right femoral bone haematoma referred,the bleeding stopped after treated by carbasus obturation.The wound was closed 36 hours after the operation.A satisfactory sensory recovery,pulsation of dorsal pedal artery and arteria tibialis posterior were found.Rebleeding was found in 3 weeks after the wound closed.The pathobiology inspection of bone and muscle tissue around the fracture site showed osteoma sarcomatosum in right femoral bone.The author gave the patient to the operation of high amputation.No rebleeding,nervous symptoms caused by compression,limbs necrosis and ischemic contracture was found after 3 patients suffering from traumatic pseudoaneurysm rapture with followed-up from 8 month to 3 years.[Conclusion]Hemorrhea caused by secondary disturbances of blood coagulation or pseudoaneurysm can lead to osteofascial compartment syndrome.Embolism of the bleeding artery before removal of the aneurysm and haematoma can reduce bleeding in operation.It is the best choice for the doctor to stop operation immediately and stop bleeding by effective carbasus obturation.

Objective Nowadays,with the development of medical vehicle,there are many parameters for inspection in its interior.It has disadvantages,such as complex routing and low system reliability,to use DCS.CAN bus technology can decrease routing and enhance system reliability.Methods OPC technology was used.A temperature supervisor control program and a database application were designed by VB,and the temperature was control by the fuzzy control methods.Results The temperature supervisor control system was established with CAN bus to explore the application of CAN bus in the medical vehicle.Conclusion It can enhance the system's reliability to use CAN bus technology in the medical vehicle.

The record of speech-language abnormalities scattered in some chapters of two classics of traditional Chinese medicine, Huang Di Nei Jing and Zhong Zang Jing. The descriptive modes of these abnormalities in Huang Di Nei Jing were more diversified than in Zhong Zang Jing. In aspect of clinical values, speech-language abnormalities in Huang Di Nei Jing were used to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment, such as describing body constitution and clinical mistreatments, but rare in Zhong Zang Jing.

To explore an appropriate treatment for patients with upper ureteral stone (＞ 15 mm in size) by comparing the therapeutic outcomes for those undergoing retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy (RPUL) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).A total of 62 patients with large upper ureteral stone were divided randomly into 2 groups.RPUL was performed in group A (n =30) and PCNL in group B (n =32).No significant inter-group difference existed in age,gender,stone location and size,operative duration or surgical success rate (P ＞ 0.05).Blood loss volume,rate of postoperative analgesic usage,time of hospital stay and incidence of postoperative complications in group A were significantly lower than those of group B (P ＜ 0.05).Thus RPUL offers more advantages and better efficacies.

BACKGROUND:Traditional Chinese medicine plays a specific role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ischemia reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction on ischemia reperfusion injury in rats after replantation of of lower limbs, and evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of ischemic tissue. METHODS:A total of 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control (intragastric administration of saline after anesthesia), Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction (intragastric administration of 10 mL/kg Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction immediately after reperfusion), edaravone (intravenous administration of 10 mL/kg edaravone immediately after reperfusion), and blank control (intragastric administration of saline) groups. At 24 hours after reperfusion, the myeloperoxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, nitricoxide synthase, inducible nitricoxide synthase, constitutive nitricoxide synthase level in the blood were detected. At 1 week after reperfusion, the activity of superoxide dismutase in gastrocnemius tissue, nitrogen monoxidum and malondialdehyde, and the load of Ca2+were assayed. RT-PCR semiquantitative analysis was performed to detect bcl-2 mRNA and bax mRNA transcriptional levels in the gastrocnemius.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction protected the rats from ischemia reperfusion injury by reducing the production of oxygen free radicals, reinforcing the activity of superoxide dismutase, lessening the calcium overload, decreasing the production of nitrogen monoxidum, up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2, down-regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic gene bax, and attenuating the injury of skeletal muscle after ischemia reperfusion injury. Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction has significant protection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats after replantation of severed limb, which may be related to the scavenge of free radicals, inhibition of skeletal cells apoptosis, and attenuation of reperfusion injury.

Objective To observe the improvement effects of astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ)on the myocardial focal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)injury and its influence in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway,and to clarify the protective effect of AS-Ⅳ on myocardial I/R inj ury and the possible mechanisms.Methods The left main coronary arteries of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were occluded for 30 min followed by a 120-min reperfusion to induce I/R model.The rats with I/R inj ury were randomly divided into model group (normal saline), AS-Ⅳ group (intravenous inj ection of 10 mg·kg-1 AS-Ⅳ 5 min before reperfusion),PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin (WOR)group (intravenous injection of 0.6 mg·kg-1 WOR 10 min before reperfusion)and AS-Ⅳ+WOR group (intravenous injection of 10 mg·kg-1 AS-Ⅳ and 0.6 mg·kg-1 WOR 5 and 10 min before reperfusion,respectively).15 age-matched SD rats were chosen as control group.The heart mass,degrees of infarction and ischemia and cardiac function ,including left ventricular systolic mean pressure (LVSP),end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),fractional shortening (FS)and ej ection fraction (EF),of the rats in all groups were analyzed. Western blotting method was used to measure the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR(p-Akt and p-mTOR).The specific fluorescent probe DHE staining was employed to detect the myocardial reactive oxygen species levels. Results Compared with control group, the degrees of infarction and ischemia, LVEDP, myocardial levels of p-Akt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR and reactive oxygen species levels of the rats were increased (P<0.05).and the levels of LVSP,FS and EF were decreased in model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group,the degrees of infarction and ischemia,LVEDP and reactive oxygen species level were decreased (P<0.05),while the levels of p-Akt/Akt,p-mTOR/mTOR LVSP, FS and EF of all rats in AS-Ⅳ group were increased (P<0.05).Compared with AS-Ⅳ group,the degrees of infarction and ischemia,LVEDP and reactive oxygen species levels of the rats in WOR group and AS-Ⅳ+WOR group were increased (P<0.05 ), and the myocardial p-Akt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR and LVSP, FS, EF were decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion AS-Ⅳ has improvement effect on myocardial I/R injury.AS-Ⅳ can reduce the extent of myocardial infarction and oxidative stress and improve the heart function,and its possible mechanism may be related to activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Precision controls monitor assay random error (reproducibility),accuracy controls assess total error,both random error and systematic error,and trueness (bias)of an assay represents systematic error.A trueness control should be metro-logical traceable,ideally with a target value determined by use of a reference material or a reference method,without metro-logical traceable to a reference measurement system,patient test results for the same patient from different laboratories may not be comparable.A trueness control should be commutable and its analytical response to a reference method and a routine field method should be equivalent to that of a patient sample.And trueness control values should generally be set at medical decision levels and be prepared by the providers of reference materials and manufactured in the same fashion as a calibrator.

Objective To study the diagnosis and trea tm ent of urolithiasis in patients after renal transplantation. Methods 5 cases of urinary tract stone in patients after renal transplantat ion were diagnosed and treated.In 1 case,the stone was a remnant of the stone in the donor kidney,in 3 cases,the stone was secondary to a sternotic ureterocysto stomy stoma,in the other case,a stent in the urinary tract was complicated by st one formation.Surgical removal of the stone with ureter-bladder reanastomosis w as carried out for 3,in one of which ESWL has failed.Conventional nonsurgical meas ures was adopted for 2. Results The patients have been f ollowed up for 1～13 years with all the patients and the transplants surviving.I n one of the patients with nonsurgical management,the transplanted kidney has al ready survived for 13 years. Conclusions The treatment o f urinary tract stone in a transplanted kidney is similar to the conventional pr inciples,relieving the block and removal of the stone.Risk factors of uric acid stone formation should be taken care of.