Objective To assay the intact genomic DNA content of different parts from Herba Hedyoeis Diffusae and to observe its influence on the result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Methods The genomic DNA was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and absorbance detection method and PCR amplification was carried out for further comparison. Results The content of intact genomic DNA in different parts was different as well as the DNA fingerprints of PCR amplification. Conclusion The obtaining of intact genomic DNA was the premise for further study. 

Objective To observe the effect of Modified Zhenxuan Granules (MZG) on blood pressure, synthesis and bioavail-ability of nitric oxide (NO), and plasma angiotensin I1 (Ang II) contents of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Fiftymale SHR were randomly assigned to 5 groups: high-, middle-and low-dose MZG groups(at the doses of 37.50, 18. 70,and 9. 35 g/kg respectively), captopril (25 mg/kg) group and SHR control group. The rats received gastric gavage of corre-sponding medicine according to the experimental design for 12 weeks. Blood pressure from the tail was recorded at the beginning oftreatment and every 4 weeks during 12-weeks treatment. At the end of the experiment, the plasma NO and Ang II concentration,and aortal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and aortal cyclic guanylic acid (cGMP) concentration were measured. ResultsMZG could decrease blood pressure and plasma Ang I1 concentration, increase plasma NO content, and enhance aortal NOS activ-ity and cGMP concentration ofSHR (P <0. 05, compared with the SHR control group), and high-dose MZG had the best effect.After treatment for 12 weeks, high-dose MZG had a similar effect on decreasing blood pressure compared with captoril group,had a better effect on increasing aortal cGMP (P< 0. 05), and increased the bioavailability of NO. Conclusion MZG can de-crease blood pressure, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of NO/NOS/eGMP system and the decrease of plas-ma Ang Ⅱ concentration in SHR.

AIM: To establish the fingerprint chromatogram of Dangguijisheng Injection (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Herba Visci) METHODS: HPLC with Zorbax SB-C 18 ( 4.6mm? 250mm,5-Micro) column was used, A phase (mechanol∶tetrahydrofuran=85∶15) and B phase ( 0.5% acetic acid (gradient elution)) were adopted as a mobile phase, respectively, and detection wavelength set at 270 nm. RESULTS: 18 peaks constitued the HPLC fingerprint of Compound Dangguijisheng Injection. CONCLUSION:The method is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used as a quality control for Dangguijisheng Injection.

Objective To sequence an atypical Brucella strain 16S rDNA,and to evaluate the feasibility of 16S rDNA sequencing method for identification of Brucella.Methods Preliminary identification of atypical strains was carried out with conventional method.Strain DNA was extracted,and 16S rDNA complete sequence was bidirectional sequenced,and Blast in NCBI and DNAMAN software were used for comparison of the sequence identities of the 16S rDNA.Moreover,16S rDNA complete sequence of the stains those were known to cross-react serologically with Brucella was downloaded from GenBank,MEGA 6.0 was used to construct the phylogenetic tree.Results The conventional identification results revealed that it was an atypical Brucella,the gene similarity between the sequences of the test strain 16S rDNA and Brucella was 99％,between 16S rDNA sequence of Brucella abortus 544A and Brucella melitensis 16M was 96.99％.Phylogenetic tree revealed that the test stain was a Brucella,and closely related to Brucella abortus 544A and Brucella melitensis 16M.Conclusion The test strain is an atypical Brucella,and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis is a simple,rapid,and accurate identification method for atypical Brucella.

Objective To analyze the feasibility and the diagnostic yield of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) examinations for small bowel bleeding (SBB). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 cases with small bowel bleeding between June 2015 and July 2016,and all was treated with DBE. therapeutic outcome, complications and follow-up were compared. Results The study included 52 patients (28 males and 24 females) with an average age of (51.0 ± 17.0) years (16~82 years) and onset time (8.3 ± 4.0) days (1~14 days) . 25 using oral route and 21 using the anal route, 1 using the colon ifstula route, a combination of using oral and anal (n=4).The bleeding source was identiifed in 40 of 52 patients (76.9%), complication rate was 5.8%(3/52), and rebleeding rate was 16.7%(2/12). The endoscopic treatments included polypectomies (n=5), argon plasma coagulation (APC, n=2), surgical treatment (n=14, 26.9%), and foreign-body extraction (n=1). Patients were diagnosed with the following:tumors (n=9, 17.3%), ulcers (n=9, 17.3%), Crohn’s disease (n=7, 13.5%), polyps (n=5, 9.6%), diverticulum (n=4, 7.7%). Patients with small bowel bleeding were followed up for a mean period of (8.3±2.0) months (range 4~10 months), 2 deaths were dying from small bowel cancer. Conclusions DBE is a safe endoscopic technique for patients with small bowel bleeding and can be safely carried out even after Roux-en-Y operation. Tumors, ulcers and Crohn’s disease are very common causes of SBB. The rebleeding rate after a negative DBE is considerable, especially small bowel vascular lesions.

Objective To evaluate whether second-look endoscopy could prevent endoscopic submucosal dissection complicated with delayed bleeding and to clarify what kind of lesions that need second-look endoscopy. Methods 98 patients with early gastric cancer by histological diagnosis from Oct. 2014 to Sep. 2016 were included in this study. Mucosal damage related bleeding within 24 h after ESD was considered delayed bleeding. Clinical data of patients, lesions, surgical factors, and the incidences of bleeding before and after the second endoscopy examination were retrospectively studied. Results The en bloc resection rate of 98 patients was 100.0%, and all incisal margins were negative. No gastrointestinal perforation, death or severe complications occurred. 5.1%of the patients (5/98) occurred delayed bleeding after ESD and had been successfully stopped in a second-look endoscopy, and none received operations. No delayed bleeding occurred in follow-ups of patients with negative delayed bleeding. 40.0 % of the patients (2/5) with delayed bleeding received blood transfusion. The median time of second-look endoscopy after ESD was the second day after operation (1 ~ 3 d). The median bleeding time of 5 patients with delayed bleeding after ESD was the first day after operation (1 ~ 10 d). The median duration of surgery was 75 min (60~150 min), and the prediction success rate was 94.9 %. The results of univariate analysis showed that age [(69.6 ± 7.9) vs (60.9 ± 10.1) years old, P = 0.003] and operation time [(90.0 ± 41.0) vs (66.0 ± 42.0) min, P = 0.000] were both the risk factors in delayed bleeding and non-bleeding group. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that operation time (OR^ =1.07; 95%CI:0.73 ~ 14.63, P = 0.010) was the only predictor of delayed bleeding after ESD. Conclusions Second-look endoscopy might be effective in preventing delayed bleeding after gastric ESD, especially within 48 hours after ESD. The operation time was an independent risk factor for delayed bleeding after gastric ESD.

A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed for a chemical fingerprint analysis ofViscum coloratum. Eighteen peaks were selected as the common peaks and Homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-apiosiyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside was used as a reference.The relative areas of common peaks were used for hierarchical clustering analysis and similarity calculation.Thirty-seven samples collected from different sources were classified imo five groups.The similarities of 21 batches Viscum coloratuma samples were beyond 0.90.The results obtained suggest that the chromatographic fingerprint can efficiently identify Viscum coloratum.Additionally,the fingerprints can then be used to evaluate the correlation between Viscum coloratum and hosts.

A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled ultraviolet （HPLC-UV） method was developed for a chemical fingerprint analysis of Viscum coloratura. Eighteen peaks were selected as the common peaks and Homoeriodictyol-7-O-β-D-apiosiyl-（1→2）-β-D-glucoside was used as a reference. The relative areas of common peaks were used for hierarchical clustering analysis and similarity calculation. Thirty-seven samples collected from different sources were classified into five groups. The similarities of 21 batches Viscum coloratura samples were beyond 0.90. The results obtained suggest that the chromatographic fingerprint can efficiently identify Viscum coloratum. Additionally, the fingerprints can then be used to evaluate the correlation between Viscum coloratura and hosts.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience and analyze the efficacy of transurethral plasma needle electrode en bloc resection for bladder cancer.Methods From February 2015 to August 2016,a total of 26 patients,including 21 males and 5 females,with bladder cancer received transurethral plasma needle electrode en bloc resection of bladder tumor.Their age ranged from 42 to 75 years,mean (56 ± 13) years.The size of tumor ranged from 1 to 4 cm,mean (2.3 ± 1.6) cm.The solitary tumor was found in 19 cases and multiple tumors were found in 7 cases,including 2 tumors in 5 cases,3 tumors in 2 cases.In 6 cases,the tumor located in the lateral bladder wall.All the pre-operative biopsy showed the urethelial carcinoma in all cases,No bladder extravasion or upper urinary tumor was noticed in the CTU before surgery.By using the electrode needle tip inserted into the bladder mucosa,blunt release or cut the tumor bases until the deep muscularis or the serosal layer,complete removal of the tumor.The specimen was removed from the bladder and sent to the pathological examination.The operation time,the volume of blood loss during operation,surgical complications,pathological diagnosis and the wounds recovery were recorded and analyzed.Results All surgeries were undergone successfully.Totally 35 tumors were resected with diameter of 1.0-4.0 cm,mean (2.3 ± 1.6)cm.The estimated blood loss was less than 10 ml.The operative duration ranged from 20 to 50 min,mean (30 ± 16)min.The duration for removing the single tumor ranged from 5 to 25 min.No obturator nerve reflex were observed during surgery.No blood loss and complications occurred after operation.All patients received 30 mg pirarubicin bladder instillation chemotherapy immediately and no adverse reaction was noticed.Postoperative pathological stages of enrolled cases were distributed as 33 cases of T1G1 staging,2 cases of T1G3 staging.No positive margin was observed.3 months after operation,cystoscopy showed that the wound healed well.A total of 26 cases followed up for 3-10 months (mean 6.0 ± 2.3 months).No one developed recurrence.Conclusions Transurethral plasma needle electrode en bloc resection of bladder tumor would reduce the incidence of complications and obturator nerve reflex.It can provide sufficient specimens for histological diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the micro -channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasound guidance in clinical studies of renal calculi in non -dilated collecting system.Methods Clinical data of 126 patients with renal calculi in non -dilated collecting system treated by ultrasound -guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy microchannel were retrospectively analyzed.Ureteroscopy up to the renal pelvis or ureter segment,zebra guide wire was placed along the guide wire indwelling ureteral catheter end connected to the blood transfusion needle while external saline suspension 100cm.Ultrasound -guided puncture target cup,established 16 -18F channel percutaneous nephro-lithotomy,ureteroscopy downlink percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy.The clinical data of operation time,stone clearance rate,blood loss,complications were analyzed.Results 124 patients with successful puncture,puncture fail-ure in two patients,conversion to open surgery.118 cases of successful implementation of a single -channel stone, nine cases of postoperative residual stones was found,again two stone surgery in 6 cases,3 cases refused surgery again;six cases were due to stones larger load,operation time exceeded 2h,to 2 stage of stone surgery in 4 cases, 2 cases changed to standard channel.Operation time was 30 -150min,average 78min.A stone clearance rate was 87.3%,summarize stone clearance rate was 95.2%(118 /124).Postoperative hemoglobin level decreased to (16.0 ± 7.6)g/L,7 patients with postoperative bleeding more blood transfusion 400 -800mL,none embolization.4 cases of postoperative fever,septic shock in 1 case,1 case of pneumothorax.Conclusion The micro -channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasound guidance in the treatment of renal calculi in non -dilated collecting system is safe and feasible,it is the preferred method of treating renal calculi in non -dilated collecting system.