Objective To study the effectiveness of vaccinia vaccination rabbit inflammatory skin extracts on blood homocysteine(Hcy) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods 100 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were randomly divided into the two groups,the observa-tion group(n=50 cases) and the control group(n=50 cases).The observation group was treated through vaccinia vaccination rabbit inflammatory skin extracts, while the control group was treated through mecobalamin.They were treated for 15 days.Median nerve,peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity ( SCV) were determined before and after treatment.Blood IGF-1 and Hcy were detected.Results TSS were significantly lowered after treatment (t=9.772,13.624,all P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the observa-tion group was significantly decreased (t=3.925,P<0.05).After treatment,the median nerve,peroneal nerve MCV and SCV were significantly increased (t=5.103,3.019,4.998,2.928,5.128,3.112,5.286,3.118,all P<0.05). Compared with the control group,theobservation group was observed to increase more significantly(t=2.826,2.743, 3.268,3.096,all P<0.05).After treatment,serum IGF-1 were significantly elevated,and compared with the control group after treatment,post-treatment observation group increased more significantly(t=4.179,P<0.05).After treat-ment plasma Hcy were significantly lower than that of the control group after treatment,the observation group after treatment significantly decreased(t=3.165,P<0.05).Conclusion Vaccinia vaccination rabbit inflammatory skin extracts can improve blood Hcy and IGF-1 in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective:To observe the effect of the signaling pathway of protein kinase C (PKC)-nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) on the expression of heme oxygenase -1 (HO-1) induced by cigarette smoke extract in rat airway epithelial cells.Methods:The airway epithelial cells of 25 male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a CSE3h group, a RO318220 group (PKC inhibitor), a Nrf2 siRNA group and a Nrf2 siRNA+RO318220 group, 5 rats in each group. hTe control group was incubated with DMEM/F12 alone. hTe CSE3h group was treated with 10% CSE for 3 h. hTe RO318220 group was pretreated with 3 μmol/L RO318220 for 0.5 h and subsequently treated with 10% CSE for 3 h. hTe Nrf2 siRNA group was pretreated with Nrf2 siRNA, and then treated with 10% CSE for 3 h. hTe Nrf2 siRNA+RO318220 group was pretreated with Nrf2 siRNA and 3 μmol/L RO318220 for 0.5 h, and then treated with 10% CSE for 3 h. hTe protein levels of Nrf2 in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and HO-1 and PKC in the whole cells were semi-quantified by Western blot. The protein expression of HO-1 was measured by immunocytochemistry. HO-1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. Immunolfuorescence staining was used to observe the nuclear translocatin of Nrf2. Results: CSE markedly induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in the rat airway epithelial cells, and RO318220 pretreatment blocked the CSE induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Immunocytochemistry showed that HO-1 protein expression was strongly positive in the CSE3h group, weakly positive in the other 4 groups. hTe expression of PKC protein, HO-1 mRNA and protein signiifcantly increased in the CSE3h group, and HO-1 activity markedly improved in the CSE group (P<0.05). hTe level of PKC protein expression was not signiifcantly different in the Nrf2 siRNA group compared with that in the CSE3h group (P>0.05). Conclusion: CSE induces the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 by PKC signaling pathway, thus upregulating the HO-1 expression in the rat airway epithelial cells.

Insulin resistance induces multiple metabolic disorders and are the common risk factors of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.Since the causes are complex,the medical management should be integrated to treat insulin resistance.Lifestyle change is the first choice,and the appropriate agents can be selected if needed.

This study analyzed the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund projects and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar in 11 colleges and universities.Those projects were funded by the department of life science of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in 2001- 2009.The average annual growth rate was calculated by Algebraic average method.The results showed that:① the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund project rose or dropped with the rise or drop of average annual growth rate of Science Fund Project.② the rapid growth of Youth Science Fund projects may enhance the ability of colleges and universities to gain National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar.③ the capability of colleges and universities to gain life science project funded by NSFC is not balanced among different regions,and this gap is widening,and ④ to narrow the gap between disciplines,greater effort is needed to train outstanding young scholars.

[Objective]To develop an ideal method for extracting type I collagen from cortical bone and to prepare a collagen-gelatin scaffold.[Method]The cortical bone was disintegrated into bone matrix powder in a high speed mill and was subsequently dehydrated in alcohol,decalcificated in hydrochloric acid and defatted in chloroform:methanol(1:1,v/v).The osscins were extracted using improved pepsin digestion method after the bone matrix powder was dissolved,centrifuged,dialyzed and lyophilized.Type I collagen was then characterized by SDS-PAGE and amino-acid composition analysis.The biomaterial was made of type I collagen and gelatin using freeze-drying method,and the alignment regularities of microscopic channels and their course directions were observed under the scanning electronic microscope.The size of the micropores and the factor of porosity were also measured.[Result] The collagen extracted was confirmed to be type I collagen by SDS-PAGE and amino-acid composition analysis.All the scaffolds looked like circular cylinder,the microscopic channels were arranged in parallel manners,and the pore sizes of the channels were uniform.[Conclusion]Ossein extracted from cortical bone is a real type I collagen that can be applied in the construction of collagen products.

Objective To study the effects of glutamine (Gln) combined with growth hormone (GH) on the levels of cytokine (TNF-?, IL-1, IL-6), coritsol and amino acid metabolism in septic rats. Methods Ten out of 79 SD rats were randomly collected as the control group. Thirty of 69 septic SD rats, which were made by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) method and were given parenteral nutrition (PN) lived to day 6. They were also randomly divided into three groups as follows: septic group (n=10), parenteral supplemented glutamine group (Gln group, n=10), and Gln combined with GH (Gln+GH group, n=10). On the 6th day, blood drew from portal veins of the dead rats was used to detect the levels of TNF-?, IL-1, IL-6 and cortisol by ELISA. The plasma concentrations of free amino acids were determined by amino acid auto-analyzer. The muscle tissue of extensor digitorum longus was used to determine 3-methyl-histidine (3-MH) by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). Results Except for the control group, most rats developed celiac abscess, hepatic abscess and pulmonary infection. The serum levels of TNF-?, IL-1, IL-6 and cortisol were significantly higher in the septic group than those of the other three groups, and they were significantly lower in the Gln+GH group than those of the Gln group, P

Objective To investigate the relationship between angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE)inserting/defaulting(I/D) gene polymorphisms and the femoral artery intima-media thickness(FA-IMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods The polymorphisms of ACE(I/D) was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) method and the FA-IMT was assessed using non-invasive high resolution B-mode ultrasonography in 303 patients with T2DM in Hunan province.Results The frequency of I allele of ACE gene polymorphisms was higher in T2DM than that in healthy controls,but frequency of D allele was lower in T2DM than that in healthy controls(P

The cell suspensions prepared from surgically resected hepatoma specimens were used to immunize BALB/c mice and, with the hybridoma technique, a battery of high affinity monoclonal anti-hepatoma antibodies were obtained which were designated HAbl8, Fll, E5 and A10 separately. Immunohistochimical staining showed that the above 4 antibodies possessed good selective reactivity with hepatoma tissue. After radioiodination of Fll, E5, A10, HAbl8 IgG and It's F(ab')_(2) fragments, the labelled reagents were employed for radioimmunoimaging in hepatoma-bearing nude mice and the in vivo detection appeared promising, with tumor/non-tumor ratios being 6.88, 5.14, 5.67, 5.15 and 14.47 respectively. The in vivo localization ablities of the antibodies seemed better compared to other similar findings published elswhere (Dunk AA, 1987). Also, ~(131) I -HAbl8 I gG and its radiolabelled fragments were utilized for radioimmunotherapy in hepatoma-bearing nude mice, with complete response rate and partial response rate being 42%(5/12) and 50% (6/12)respectively. When the HAbl8 conjugate with radioiodine was introduced for the in vivo imaging in hepatoma patients, a positivity rate of 86.5% (45/52)was witnessed, with the smallest tumor foci detected being only 0.5cm in diameter. In the in vivo targeting therapy with the immunoconjugate, a partial response rate of 69.6% (16/23) was obtained. In summary, the antibodies reported here have lended a novel regime for the present comprehensive therapy protocol of hepatoma.

Objective: To investigate the influences of IGF-1 on the stress hormone,GLUT-4 and its mRNA expression.Methods: The SD rats with abdominal infection established by cecal ligation and perforation method were randomly divided into three groups: pyaemic group(n=10),parenteral nutrition group(PN group,n=10) and IGF-1 Group(n=10).10 healthy rats was used as the normal group(n=10).On the sixth day,blood was sampled to determine the level of glucose,insulin,glucagon and IGF-1.The expressions of GLUT-4 and its mRNA in muscle were detected by immuno-histochemistry and Real-Time PCR methods.Results: The plasma levels of glucose,insulin and glucagon in the IGF-1 group were significantly lower than those in the pyaemic group and PN group(P

Intensive attention has been drawn to macrophages in obesity after the discovery of macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue. This review updates of adipose tissue macrophages in the immune-pathophysiology of obesity, including new progression on the adipose tissue macrophages phenotype and the potential of beige fat induction by M2 macrophage, which inspires a novel therapy for obesity and insulin resistance.