control, P

Objective To optimize the radioligand assays for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab), tyrosine phosphatase antibody (IA-2A) and insulin autoantibody (IAA) and to facilitate their application in clinical practice. Methods The radioligand assays established in our laboratory were optimized in several aspects, including the mode and time of antigen-antibody incubation, pH value of TBST buffer, times of washing, and type of centrifuge. The sensitivity and specificity of the optimized assays were calculated by the Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP, 2003). And the results were compared to those measured with domestic radioimmune assay kits. Results The optimal condition for radiligand assay were as followed: incubating the antigens of GAD-Ab and IA-2A with serum by rotating slowly for 24 hours and IAA for 72 hours respectively; washing the precipitation complex of GAD-Ab and IA-2A with TBST buffer (pH value 7 2～7 4) 4 times and IAA 5 times respectively; and applying the horizontal type of centrifuge. The results from DASP demonstrated that sensitivity and specificity of the optimized assays were 82% and 98% respectively for GAD-Ab, and 64% and 100% for IA-2A. The proportion of consistency between our results for 82 IAA gradient index of optimized assay and those measured with domestic radioimmune kits was 89%. The extensive analysis showed that the consistency reached 100% for those with IAA index less than 0 04 or more than 1 00, and the inconsistency was for the bordline positive ones (index 0 04～1 0). Conclusion The optimized radioligand assays for islet autoantibodies are high sensitivity and specificity, and are applicable in clinical practice.

Praziquantel ( PQT ) concentrations in plasma after iv 20 mg/kg decayed rapidly with tip of 0.36 h. The absorption of PQT was rapid following the intramuscular doses of 10,20,40mg/kg or intragastic dose of 100mg/kg, but the phase of elimination was much longer than that after iv. Both of MAT1m and MATig were greater than MRTiv. The bioavailability of ig was 13.2%, suggesting a strong first-pass effect. The kinetics of PQT elimination was linear after intramuscular dose of either 10 or 20 mg/kg, but nonlinear process was found when the dose was increased to 40mg/kg.By any route of iv, im and ig administration, the concentrations of PQT in the bile were much lower than the peripheral plasma concentrations and changed in parallel to the later with high levels after iv, medium levels after im and much low levels after ig.

BACKGROUND:The current studies concerning the effect of obesity on children are limited to metabolic physiology, and there is little evidence available on skeletal muscle and motor ability.
OBJECTIVE:To compare isokinetic knee muscle strength between obese children and normal children, and analyze the causes of physical performance decline in obese children.
METHODS:A total of 56 children were recruited in this study, including 28 obese children and 28 normal children. The isokinetic muscle strength was tested by CON-TREX. The gaits were tested by VICON. The statistical analysis of al the differences between obese children and normal children were measured using SPSS 19.0 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At the same gait speed, obese children had higher absolute peak torque and average power than normal children (P<0.05), but relative peak torque and relative average power showed no significant difference compared with normal children (P>0.05) except extensor group at 60(°)/s was significantly lower than normal children. At the same gait speed, the torque and power of extensor group were significantly higher than that of flexor group in the two groups (P<0.05);he obese children showed significant differences in the absolute peak torque and absolute average power compared with relative peak torque and relative average power of flexor group at 120(°)/s (P<0.05). In the two groups, the extensor exhibited higher torque in high speed, while the high flexor torque was found in low speed. Normal children had faster cadence and walking speed, significantly smal er step width and shorter stride time than obese children (P<0.05). Obese children have smal er relative strength and higher absolute strength than normal children;in addition, the low cadence and walking speed are found in obese children. These factors contribute to weak limb strength and insufficient motor ability.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the CD4+regulatory T cells in the patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA).Methods The CIM+T cells from IADA patients were isolated with anti-CD4-dynal magnetic beads.The expression of Foxp3 mRNA,along with peroxisome proliferators activator receptors gamma(PPARγ)mRNA and TGF-131 mRNA was determined.The effect of rosiglitazone on CD4+T cells was measured,after treated with rosiglitazone for 48 h.Cell viability was assessed by Mtit assay.The proliferation was assayed with 3 H-TdR.Two-color staining(anti-CD4,anti-CD25)flow cytometric analysis was employed to measure the percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells of Deriph eral blood.Resuits PPARγmRNA was expressed in peripheral CD4+T lymphocytes.RosiglitazoBe inhibited phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-induced human CD4+T cell proliferation in dose dependence.The percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells showed no significant change after the peripheral blood culture with 1 μmol/Land 10μmot/L rosiglitazone.10 μmol/L of rosiglitazone induced Foxp3 mRNA expression in vitro (3.27fold,P<0.05),whereas TGF-β1 mRNA expression did not change.Furthermore,only 1 μmol/L of rosiglitazone could promote Foxp3 mRNA expression if adding IL-2(10 U/m1)in cultures(3.48 fold.P

Hongkong pediatric specialist training had successful experiences in the last twenty years.Hongkong hospital authority and Hongkong college of pediatricians managed pediatric specialist training together and made a series of regulations,which have strict training rotation requirements.Training hospitals all need to obtain the authentication including basic training,higher training and overseas training agencies.After 6 years strict training,the trainees have strong pediatric basic theories,procedure abilities,evidence-based practice and team work spirit.In short,the experiences of Hongkong pediatric specialist training is deserved to be learned by the standard training of pediatric resident in mainland China.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone and insulin on islet ? cell function in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Methods Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody was screened in patients initially diagnosed type 2 diabetes. LADA patients, defined as positive GAD antibody and with a fasting C peptide of 300 pmol/L or more, were selected and randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous insulin alone ( n =6) or rosiglitazone combined with insulin ( n =6) to compare the changes of islet ? cell function. At entry and 1 year after treatment, blood was drawn to determine plasma glucose, HbA 1c and C peptide at fasting and 2 hours after taking 75 g glucose without medication. GAD antibody and C peptide were measured with radioligand immunoassay and radioimmune assay respectively. Results After 1 year treatment, LADA patients in rosiglitazone and insulin group had a higher postprandial C peptide than those in subcutaneous insulin group(782.1 pmol/L vs 1 695.0 pmol/L, P

Objective To study the characteristics of ? cell function change and to explore the predictive value of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-Ab and other factors for ? cell function in the patients with latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). Methods Sixteen LADA patients (positive GAD-Ab) and 24 type 2 diabetic patients (negative GAD-Ab) were followed-up at 0, 6th, 12th, 30th, 36th, 42th and 48th months respectively. Their fasting and postprandial 2h C-peptide and glycemic control were measured. GAD-Ab was determined by radioimmunoprecipitation assay and C-peptide by RIA. Results Decreased fasting C peptide (FCP) levels (Month 30, 36, 42, 48 compared with Month 0, P

Objective To explore the characteristics of proinsulin secretion in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Methods Fasting and 2 h sera in oral glucose tolerance test from 36 LADA patients, 37 type 2 diabetic patients and 43 healthy controls were collected to test glucose, proinsulin (PI) and C-peptide (CP) by radioimmune assay. Glutamie acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab) were determined by radioligand assay.Results (1) Fasting proinsulin (FPI) and 2 h proinsulin (PPI) level in LADA patients were lower than those in type 2 diabetic patients (P<0.05), being both significantly inereasad compared with healthy controls (P<0.05 or P<0.01); The ratios of FPI/FCP and PPI/PCP (%) in LADA were beth significantly higer than those of type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls (P<0.05 or P<0.01); (2) LADA type-1 (GAD-Abe>0.3) patients showed lower PI levels(P<0.05 or P<0.01) and higher PI/CP ratio (all P<0.05) than LADA type-2 (0.05≤GAD-Ab<0.3); Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in above parameters between LADA type-2 and type 2 diabetes meUitus (P>0.05). (3) GAD-Ab index was negatively correlated with FPI and PPI in LADA group (r=-0.236 and-0.268, both P<0.05), and positively correlated with PPI/PCP (r=0.254, P=0.030).Meanwhile BMI was positively correlated with FPI, PPI and PI/CP in type 2 diabetes mellitus (all P<0.01). No factor entered the multiple regression analysis for predieting the hyperproinsulinemia and dispropriately elevated proinsulin levels in LADA patients. (4) According to the 99.5 th percentile of proinsulinemia in the healthy controls, which is defined as the cutoff point dispropriately elevated proinsulin levels, the proportion of subjects with fasting dispropriately elevated proinsulin levels (FPI/FCP) were 77.8%, 62.2% and 2.3% in LADA, type 2 diabetes meUitus and controls respectively, and PPI/PCP 83.3%, 51.4% and 2.3% respectively. Conclusion LADA patients, as well as type 2 diabetic patients, all showed hyperproinsulinemia and disproportionately elevated proiasulin levels that were one of characteristics of defective β-cell function. Moreover, disproportionately elevated nproinsulin level is more evident in LADA patients than that in type 2 diabetics and this may be related to humoral immunity.

Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)was performed in 419 first-degree relatives(FDRs)of type 1 diabetes mellitus. GADA, IA-2A, and IAA were determined by radioligand assay, and the positive rates were 7.16%, 1.43%, and 1.26%, respectively. Intravenous glucose tolerance test(IVGTT)and nateglinide-OGTT were performed in 39 controls, 11 first-degree relatives with positive autoantibody(Ab+group), 14 ones with negative autoantibody(Ab-group)during 5-7 days.The first-phase insulin release(FPIR), area under insulin release during 0-10 min [AUC0-10] of IVGTT and the value of(ΔI30/ΔG30)of nateglinide-OGTT in Ab+group were lower than those of control and(2.75±0.37 vs 3.61±1.05)mU/mmol, all P＜0.05]. The 1st min insulin release in Ab+group was lower than that of Ab-group [(3.80±0.30 vs 4.52±0.70)mU/L, P＜0.05]. The HOMA-IR was higher in Ab-group than that in control group(2.92±1.04 vs 1.96±1.22, P＜0.05). The results suggest that the positivity rates of autoantibodies in FDRs of type 1 diabetes mellitus are very close to those of Caucasian. There exist insulin secretion defects in FDRs with positive autoantibody while insulin resistance in FDRs with negative autoantibody.