OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determining cefixime in human plasma.METHODS:Analytical column was Discovery C 18 (4.6mm?250mm,5?m),the mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetate buffer-triethylaming(28∶72∶0.5V/V),the flow rate was1.0ml/min.The detection was performed at UV286nm.Plasma concentrations of cefixime and internal standard(Cephradine)were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear in the concentrations ranging from0.1to5.0?g/ml(r=0.9995).The detection limit was0.1?g/ml.The recovery was(96.63?3.17)%.The within-day RSD was less than6.10%and between-day RSD was less than6.69%.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and suitable for determination of cefixime in human plasma and pharmacokinetic study.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the research and level of application of pharmacoeconomics in China.METHODS:To expound the current situation of overseas research on pharmacoeconomics and existing problem in its application at home.RE_SULTS & CONCLUSION:Many countries in the world are attaching importance to pharmacoeconomics day by day,however,there exist unclear viewpoints and improper design and data source in pharmacoeconomic research at home.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic(PE) efficacies of three therapeutic schemes in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia.METHODS:By applying the principle of decision tree analysis in pharmacoeconomics,a retrospective analysis and evaluation was performed on the following 3 therapeutic schemes:sequential therapy of levofloxacin hydrochloride injection,cefuroxime sodium for injection by iv gtt,and azithromycin for injection by iv gtt.RESULTS:The total costs of the three schemes were 4 327.56 yuan,5 327.32 yuan,and 5 074.14 yuan,respectively,and the total effective rates were 89.80%,88.80%,and 85.29%,respectively.The anticipant costs for each cured case of community acquired pneumonia were 3 886.15yuan,4 730.66yuan,and 4 327.73yuan,respectively.CONCLUSION:The sequential therapy of levofloxacin hydrochloride injection is the optimal one among the 3 schemes.

OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequivalence between cefadroxil capsules and its reference capsules and pharmacokinetics in 22 male healthy volunteers METHODS:A dose of 1 000mg cefadroxil(test and reference products)was given according to a randomized cross-over design Plasma concentrations of cefadroxil and internal standard(amoxicillin) were determined by HPLC RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of both preparations fitted to a one-compartment model The main parameters of test and reference products were as follows:T1/2ke were (1 40?0 15)h and (1 44?0 23)h;Tmax were (2 3?0 5)h and (2 2?0 3)h;peak concentrations(Cmax) were (30 59?4 25)?g/ml and(30 57?4 24)?g/ml,AUC were(99 31?14 50)?g/(ml?h) and (99 22?15 11)?g/(ml?h)respectively CONCLUSION:Relative bioavailability was(100 42?7 62)% The two formulations were bioequivalent

Objective: To study the expression and significance of VEGF-C, D2-40, and E-Cad in Human breast carcinoma. Methods: S-P immunohistochemical method was used to assess the expression of VEGF-C in 88 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast (with intact clinicopathologic and follow-up in-formation) and 54 cases of different intraductal hyperplastic lesions. The relationship of VEGF-C expression with D2-40 and E-Cadherin in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast was analyzed. Results: VEGF-C ex-pression was higher in the invasive group than that in the dysplasia group and benign lesions. VEGF-C ex-pression in the metastatic group was significantly higher than that in the group without lymph node metasta-sis, indicating that VEGF-C plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. VEGF ex-pression in breast cancer group was higher than that in the dysplasia group and benign lesions. LVD count in the group with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in the group without lymph node me-tastasis. The positive rate of E-Cad expression in the invasive group was significantly lower than that in the dysplasia group and benign lesions. VEGF-C expression was positively correlated with D2-40 expression. VEGF-C expression was negatively correlated with E-Cad expression. Conclusion: VEGF-C and D2-40 could be used for the detection of early lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer. VEGF-C and E-Cad can be used as important indices for the evaluation of the prognosis of breast cancer.

L6.A longitudinal column of HRP-labeled motoneurons was found in the dorsolateral and mediolateral portions of the spinal cord,distributing in the lamina Ⅸ from the caudal L4 to the rostral L6.Additionally,the transganglionic HRP-labeled central projection axonal terminals were found to be dense in the central part of laminae Ⅰ-Ⅱ from L4 to the rostral L6,and to scatter in the central part of gracile nucleus.Conclusion HRP-labeled primary afferent and efferent innervating acupoint "Taixi"(KI 3) are DRGs of L4-L6,the dorsolateral and mediolateral motoneuron columns of L4-L6,and the centrally projecting axonal terminals of laminae Ⅰ-Ⅱ of the spinal cord and the gracile nucleus.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the clinical application and improve the curative effect of serum concentration.METHODS:In a retrospective review,the serum drug concentrations of 487 outpatients and inpatients of our hospital treated with 3 kinds of anti-epileptics included valproic acid,phenytoin and carbamazepine were analyzed.RESULTS:Among 487 samples,there were 248 cases(50.92%) whose serum concentration were in normal range,177 cases (36.34%) in low range and 51 cases(10.47%) in high range.Also,there were 11 cases(2.26%) whose serum concentration could not be monitored.The percentage of patients treated with valproic acid,carbamazepine and phenytoin whose serum concentrations in normal range were 48.18%,74.29% and 10.87%.CONCLUSION:The serum concentration monitoring of Anti-epileptic is the important measure which provide the basis for adopting individualized administration and ensures the clinical effect and safety in the medical care.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate clinical efficacy and toxicities of oxaliplatin or irinotecan combined with 5-FU/LV for advanced colorectal cancer. METHODS:RCTs were retrieved from PubMed database and CHKD and Metaanalysis was carried out using Review Manager version 4.2.2 software. RESULTS:Six studies were enrolled. The oxaliplatin group was superior to irinotecan group in the overall response rate(RR=0.82,95%CI ranged from 0.74 to 0.91). The incidence rate of neutropenia in irinote-can group was lower than in oxaliplatin group(RR=0.79,95%CI ranged from 0.69 to 0.90)while the incidence of nausea/vomiting and diarrhea in irinotecan group was higher than in oxaliplatin group(RR=1.85,95%CI ranged from 1.42 to 2.40;RR=1.75, 95%CI ranged from 1.41 to 2.17). CONCLUSION:The scheme oxaliplatin combined with 5-FU/LV in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is superior to the scheme irinotecan combined with 5-FU/LV.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiuqiang Naoliqing(JNQ) on the morphology of the vital organs(the brain,kidney and heart) in acute hypertension rats.MethodsThe model was established by L-NG-nitro arginine(L-NNA),which can inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide(NO).Affected animals were administrated with high,medium or low dose of JNQ while nifedipine was used as the positive control.Effects on cardiac function and morphology of the vital organs were investigated.Results2 weeks after the establishment of the model,the affected rats had a 36% higher blood pressure compared with the control group.The acute hypertension rats showed significant pathologic changed in the brain,kidney and heart,while there was no obvious difference in the heart rate,electrocardiaogram,and blood pressure between the administrated groups.After treatment with JNQ,the contraction force and the oxygen extraction of the myocardiocytes were significantly reduced and the increasing velocity of the left ventricular pressure was decreased.The brain,kidney and heart showed improvement in pathology analysis to different levels.ConclusionAlthough it has no obvious effects on the heart rate and blood pressure in acute hypertension rats,JNQ can decrease the oxygen extraction in myocardiocytes and can obviously alleviate brains,kidneys and hearts pathologic changes.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of recombinant staphylokinase(r-SAK)in a thrombosis model of femoral artery in rabbits.METHODS:Large glass plates were used for modified agar-well diffusion assay to measure r-SAK concentration in plasma of rabbits which had been administered different doses drug by different means respective?ly.RERULTS:The pharmacokinetics of r-SAK infusion in thrombosis model of the femoral artery in rabbits fits two-com?partment model,the plasma levels and the diameter of lytic circles showed a good linear correlation under the scope of20～2500IU/ml(r=0.9960),and the averaged recovery rate was(96.05?9.20)%.The peak concentrations of low,medial and high dose drop group and single iv group are(2.28?1.06),(3.54?0.32),(6.12?1.61)and(5.16?1.02)?g/ml.CONCLUSION:The biological assays is a simple,reliable method to determine the plasma level.