The incidence of coIorectaI cancer is increasing in recent years. Liver metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with coIorectaI cancer. EarIy diagnosis and treatment of Iiver metastasis is important for improving the survivaI rate of patient. Liver metastasis in coIorectaI cancer is a muIti-step progress invoIving many genes and moIecuIar aIterations,detecting the abnormaI changes wiII heIp to assess the earIy risk of Iiver metastasis. This articIe reviewed the advances in studies on assessment of Iiver metastasis in coIorectaI cancer.

The subject of modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been argued in China for many years.Many good ideas have been suggested by experts and scholars.In this paper,one issue in the modernization of TCM is discussed.The issue is how to introduce some mathematical methods into traditional Chinese medicine.This is a valuable subject to study,because by this way,the computers can be used to analyze the composing methods of TCM prescriptions and to help TCM doctors to select better treating means.A new mathematical method for analyzing the composing methods of TCM prescriptions has been developed,and the methods are still based on TCM theory.By these methods,the TCM prescriptions can be computed or analyzed in digital formations,but the integral conception about human body in TCM is still left intact.In this paper,using the new method,several TCM prescriptions were analyzed,and the analyzed results demonstrate that the methods are efficient and give a good help to understand the composing methods of TCM prescriptions.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is the phenomenon of epithelial cells transforming to mesenchymal cells under special microenvironment,and thus tumor cells obtain characters such as difficult to adhere,motility enhancement,resistant to apoptosis.In the process of embryonic growth and tumor development,epithelial cells were found to be transformed into mesenchymal cells.Many researches showed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays an important role during the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer,and its mechanism involves many kinds of signaling pathways and related molecules.

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor(GI-NET)originates from peptide neurons and neu-roendocrine cells in gastrointestinal tract,and secrets peptide hormones,leading to carcinoid syndrome which rarely happens in clinical practice. Because of the improvement of diagnostic method and understanding of this rare disease,the morbidity is rising in recent years. The main treatments of GI-NET are surgery and compre-hensive therapy,consisting of chemotherapy and targeted therapy.

Objective To estimate the diagnostic value of dual-energy CT in gouty arthritis.Methods English and Chinese litera-tures publicated before May 2014 were searched in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane and Wanfang database.Available literatures were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criterias.Sensitivity,specificity with 95% confidence interval (95% CI)was pooled with bivariate random-effects model.Hierarchical weighted symmetric summary receiver-operating curve (HSROC)was also used in estimating.Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity.Results Nine studies were included in the analysis.The pooled sensitivity,specificity and 95% CI were 92%(84-96%)and 88%(83-92%)respectively, area under the HSROC curve was 0.91 (0.88-0.93).There was substantial heterogeneity between studies(I 2 =85%).Conclusion Dual-energy CT is accuracy in diagnosing gouty arthritis.The sources of heterogeneity was not been explored.

Objective To investigate the effects of different BIS values on postoperative cogni-tive dysfunction (POCD)and S100βprotein(S100β)in the early stage of postoperation.Methods Fifty patients who were scheduled for selective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia (male 34 cases, female 1 6 cases,aged 65 to 75 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ)were randomly divided into two groups:light anesthesia group (group L,n =25,BIS value was maintained at 50 to 59)and deep anesthesia group (group D,n =25,BIS value was maintained at 30 to 39).BP,HR,SpO 2 ,ECG,PET CO 2 ,inhaled anes-thetic concentration and BIS values were recorded on time points of 5 minutes after the patients ente-ring the operating room (T0 ),before endotracheal (T1 ),intubation (T2 ),incision (T3 ),two hours after incision (T4 ),three hours after incision (T5 )and at the end of surgery (T6 ).The procedure du-ration,anesthesia time,dosages of propofol,fentanyl,midazolam and VAS scores on 1 d after sur-gery were also recorded.Blood samples were collected on time points of 10 min before anesthesia,im-mediately after surgery and 24,48 h after operation.S100β concentration were detected.Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE)score and Trail Making Test (TMT)completion time were recorded on 1 d before surgery and 1,3,7 d after surgery.Results BIS value of group D were lower than group L on T2 ,T3 and T4 .The propofol dosage of group D was significantly greater than that in group L (P <0.05 ).The concentration of serum S100βincreased significantly immediate and 48 h after operation in both groups compared with 10 min before anesthesia(P < 0.05).It was still higher 24 hours after op-eration than before anesthesia.But there was no statistic difference.Compared with the end of surger-y,the concentration of serum S100βin two groups on 24 h after surgery were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 ).The concentration of serum S100β in group L on the end of surgery and 24 h after surgery were higher than that in group D significantly (P <0.05).Compared with 1 d before surgery, postoperative 1 d MMSE scores in two groups and postoperative 3 d MMSE score in group L de-creased significantly (P <0.01).Compared with postoperative 3 d,postoperative 7 d MMSE score in group L increased significantly (P <0.01).Postoperative 1,3 d MMSE score in group D were signifi-cantly higher than group L (P <0.05).Compared with 1 d before surgery,TMT completion time in two groups on 1 d after surgery were significantly prolonged (P <0.01 ).Compared with 1 d after surgery,TMT completion time in two groups on 3 d after surgery were significantly shortened (P <0.01).Compared with 3 d after surgery,TMT completion time in group L on 7 d after surgery was significantly shortened (P <0.01 ).TMT completion time in group D on 1,3 d postoperative were significantly shorter than group L (P <0.05).POCD incidence of group D on 1 d after surgery was lower than that in group L (P < 0.05).Conclusion Different depth of anesthesia can ensure hemo-dynamic balance in old patients during surgery and after surgery.When BIS value was maintained at 30 to 39,it had lower S100βprotein levels,lower incidence of early POCD and a lesser degree of post-operative cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To prepare a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically against Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10).Methods The BALB/c mice were immunized by a peptide with 14 amino acids (aa residues 53 to 66) of CFP-10,and then the splenocytes of mice were fused with myeloma cell line SP2/0.The resultant fused cells were subjected to screening culture,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay and subcloning by limited dilution to establish hybridoma cell lines of stable secreting anti-the peptide of CFP-10 antibody.The antibody was purified,and its isotypes were analyzed.Then,the antibody was further evaluated by Western blotting,immunoprecipitation and ELISA in 38 culture supernatant samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,20 culture supernatant samples of non-Mycobacterium tuberculosis,32 samples of tuberculous pleural effusion,24 samples of non-tuberculous pleural effusion,and 20 serum samples from healthy controls.Results The isotype of the mAb against the specific peptide of CFP-10 was an IgG1 with κ chain,and it was applicable for Western blotting and immunoprecipitation analysis.ELISA quantitative test showed that the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 78.6％ (55/70) and 92.2％ (59/64),respectively.Conclusion The mAb generated against the specific peptide of CFP-10 is high in sensitivity and specificity,and it might be used in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Objective To evaluate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning and sevoflurane preconditioning against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in rat hippocampal slices. Methods Male adult SD rats weighing 270-290 g were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. The hippocampi were removed and sagittally sliced (400 μm thick) and placed in artificial cerebral spinal fluid aerated with 95% O2-5% CO2 . Ninety-six hippocampal slices were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 12 each): control group (group C), OGD group, isoflurane preconditioning group (group Iso),sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Sevo) , SP600125 + isoflurane preconditioning group (group SP + Iso),SP600125 +sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP + Sevo), DMSO + isoflurane preconditioning group (group DMSO + Iso) and DMSO + sevoflurane preconditioning group (group DMSO + Sevo). Electrophysiological technique was used to record the amplitude of population spike ( PS) in the stratum pyramidale of CA1 region and the degree of recovery of PS was calculated. The cell viability was determined by propidium iodide staining. Results Compared with group C, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly decreased in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with group OGD, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in groups Iso, Sevo, SP+Iso, SP+Sevo, DMSO+ Iso and DMSO + Sevo (P＜ 0.01). Compared with group Iso, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in group SP+Iso ( P ＜ 0.01) , while no significant change was found in group DMSO + Iso ( P ＞ 0.05) . Compared with group Sevo, the degree of recovery of PS and cell viability were significantly increased in group SP + Sevo ( P ＜ 0.01) , while no significant change was found in group DMSO + Sevo ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Isoflurane preconditioning and sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate the OGD injury to rat hippocampal slices through inhibiting JNK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological factors related with the lymph node ratio (LNR) in colorectal cancer patients.Methods The clinical and pathological data of 177 colorectal cancer patients who were treated by surgery in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 were collected.The association between LNR and clinicopathological factors were evaluated by single factor analysis nsingx x2 test.Results Gender,age,tumor location,tumor size,gross type,depth of infiltration,infiltration extent around bowel wall and preoperative serum CA199 concentration were not related with LNR (P ＞0.05),but tumor histological type,tumor differentiation,preoperative serum CEA,CA125 concentration were related with LNR (P =0.001,0.004,0.004,0.025).Conclusions Tumor histological type,tumor differentiation,preoperative serum CEA,CA125 may be the important factors related with LNR in colorectal cancer.

Objective To study the protective effect of sufentanil preconditioning on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and to investigate the mechanisms whether may be by activating p38 MAPK signal pathway to promote p38 MAPK phosphoryla-tion .Methods Thirty SD rats(in either gender ,weighing 220-270 g) were randomly divided into five groups :Sham-operated group (Ⅰ) ,ischemia-reperfusion group(Ⅱ);sufentanil preconditioning group(5 μg/kg ,Ⅲ) ,SB203580(an inhibitor of p38 MAPK) group (Ⅳ) ,and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) control group(Ⅴ) .Sample specimens were collected from each group at 240 minutes after reperfusion .Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were measured by an automatic biochem-ical analyzer .Malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in liver tissue was measured .HE staining was used to ob-serve the hepatic pathological changes ,and to examine the expression of phosphor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-p38 MAPK)of hepatic tissues by western blotting .Results Compared with group Ⅰ ,levels of AST ,ALT and MDA showed signifi-cantly increased in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ ,but levels of SOD decreased ,and obvious pathological changes were observed in the liver .In GroupⅢ significantly decreased the elevated levels of ASL ,ALT and MDA but increased levels of SOD ,and lessened hepatic pathological changes ,caused promoted p38 MAPK phosphorylation at 240 minutes after reperfusion .The protective effects of sufentanil precon-ditioning were abolished by SB203580 pretreatment .There were no significant differences between group Ⅴ and group Ⅱ .Conclu-sion Sufentanil preconditioning can reduce the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury .The protective mechanisms may be by activating p38 MAPK signal pathway to promote p38 MAPK phosphorylation .