With the age increasing,the lobules in women's breasts undergo progressive involution or regression,which is called age-related lobular involution.It's a physiologic and irreversible process,while the rate and extent of involution vary considerably among individual women.It has been hypothesized that the extent of age-related lobular involution is strongly associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer,and there are some associations between lobular involution and risk factors of breast cancer.

Objective To shorten the stat test turnaround time (TAT) and improve the quality of service in clinical laboratory.Method Stat test TAT related data of clinical laboratory in Tongji hospital in Wuhan from August 1st to September 30th were collected by laboratory information system and hospital information system.EXCEL and SPSS were used for data analysis.Median and the 90th percentile were calculated for TATs from order to collection, collection to transfer, transfer to reception, reception to inspection and inspection to report.Outlier rates were calculated for TAT from collection to reception, reception to report, and collection to report using 2 h, 2 h, and 4h as target TAT value, respectively.Meanwhile descriptive statistics were calculated for TAT from order to collection in different clinical department, TAT from collection to reception during different collection time frames, and TAT from reception to report during different reception time frames.Results 32 235 stat biochemistry test data were included in this survey.Among three periods cut by collection and reception time, TAT from order to collection were the longest (P50: 681 min,P90:1261 min), followed by TAT from collection to reception(P50:94 min,P90:169 min) and TAT from reception to report(P50:68 min,P90:111 min).TATs from order to collection were longer in gynecological tumor department and organ transplantation department while shorter in infection department and cardiac vascular department.The TATs from collection to reception of specimen collected during 2:00 to 3:59 were longer than other collection time.While the TATs from reception to report of specimen received during 6:00 to 7:29 were longer than other reception time.There was no significant correlation between the amount of emergency specimens collected and TAT from collection to reception in different collection time period.However, the amount of emergency specimens collected was significantly correlated with the TAT from reception to report in different reception time period.Conclusions Analysis of TAT data can be used to identify existing problems and provide improved directions to shorten TAT in clinical laboratories.

To study the change in mGluR1? in CA 1 after infrasonic damage and the effect of its antagonist MCPG,120 SD rats were randomizied into infrasonic damage group and MCPG therapy group.The two groups were subdivided into control group and 1 challenge, 7 chellenges, 14 challenge groups respectively,each group consisted of 15 rats. Rats were exposed to 8Hz 130dB infrasound as designed,2h for each challenge.The mGluR1? was stained by immunohistochemistry method.The changes in mGluR1? and cell pattern were observed under light and electronic microscopes.The results showed the number of mGluR1? positive neurons increased after 1 challenge infrasonic damage( P 0 05).MCPG had an effect to protect neuron from infrasonic damage as identified by morphology.It is concluded that the change of mGluR1? activity could mediate excitotoxicity and was one of the major factors related with neuron injury after infrasound.

Objective To explore the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection(UTI)in patients with prostatic hyperplasia,and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and rational anti-microbial therapy.Methods Urine culture results of 171 patients with prostatic hyperplasia complicated with UTI from February 8,2012 to October 12,2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 192 bacterial isolates were isolated from 171 patients,gram-negative bacteria accounted for 79.17%,37.50% of which were Escherichia coli (E.coli )strains,and 18.75% were Klebsiella pneumoniae (K .pneumoniae );gram-positive bacteria and Candida accounted for 18.23% and 2.60% respectively.Of E.coli and K .pneumoniae ,the proportion of extend-ed-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBLs)strains were relatively higher,which was 72.77% and 63.89% respectively,re-sistant rates of ESBLs-producing E.coli to piperacillin.cefuroixme,ceftazidime,ceftriaxone,aztreonam,and levo-floxacin were all significantly higher than non-ESBLs strains,resistant rates of ESBLs-producing K .pneumoniae to piperacillin,cefoxitin,aztreonam,levofloxacin,and compound sulfamethoxazole were all significantly higher than non-ESBLs strains.Resistant rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and meropenem were both 50.00%, susceptibility rates of Enterococcus to penicillins and aminoglycosides were both low,linezolid-and vancomycin-re-sistant strain was not found.Conclusion Organisms isolated from patients with UTI associated with prostatic hy-perplasia have high antimicrobial resistance,clinical therapy should be based on characteristics of bacterial distribu-tion and antimicrobial resistance.

Objective To compare the efficacy and complications among three surgical treatments of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.Methods Totally 209 elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were divided into 3 groups:DHS group[n =115,patients treated with dynamic hip screws (DHS)],PFNA group [n=57,patients treated with proximal femoral nails anti-rotation (PFNA)] and SEFT group [n=37,patients treated with singlearm external fixator technique (SEFT)].The length of hospitalization,operative time,bleeding volume,hip function scores and complications were compared among the three groups.Results All patients were followed up for 5-12 months (10.6 months in average).The length of hospitalization,operative time,bleeding volume,weight-bearing time and Harris hip score in postoperative 3 months were (14.3±2.7) d,(102.4±22.7) min,(240.8±38.4) ml,(50.2±7.7) d,(88.7±12.8) min in DHS group,(11.2±3.4) d,(50.3±15.6) min,(80.5±18.7) ml,(22.6±4.8) d,(92.6±15.4)min in PFNA group,(15.1±3.3) d,(35.8±10.9) min,(52.6±12.9) ml,(55.4±10.1) d,(87.3 ± 12.6) min in SEFT group,respectively.There were significant differences in the length of hospitalization,operative time,bleeding volume,weight-bearing time and Harris hip score in postoperative 3 months among the three groups (all P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in healing time among the three groups (all P＞0.05).The incidence of complications was highest in DHS group,higher in SEFT group,and lowest in PFNA group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions DHS is more suitable for patients with good physical condition and stable fractures.SEFT is suitable for patients with poor condition,who can not tolerate trauma,anesthesia and bleeding.PFNA has more advantages including stable fixation,less invasive,less complications and wide indications,which is more suitable for femoral intertrochanteric fractures than the other two treatments.

Objective To suty the MRI manifestations of juvenile acute articular cartilage injury of the knee joint.Methods MRI findings of cartilage,subcartilage low signal line and subcarilage bone were analysed retrospectively in 53 juvenile patients (ranged in age from 4~27 years) with acute articular cartilage injury confirmed by arthroscopy.Results Sixty-nine cartilage injuries were showed by MRI in 53 patients,including patellas in 25,femoral lateral condyles in 22,femoral medial condyles in 11,trochlea of the femur in 2,and tibial plateau in 9.Acute articular cartilage injury appeared as pure cartilage fracture in 46, including complete split of the cartilage in 22 sites,partly split of the cartilage in 20 sites,and fissur-like fracture in 4 sites.Osteochondral fracture were observed in 23 sites,including avulsion fracture in 13 and osteochondral subsided in 10.Articular cartilage loose bodies and osteochondral loose bodies were found by MRI in 6 and 13,respectively.Conclusion MRI is the best non-invasive method for studying cartilage injury.

pancreatic carcinoma by some signal transduction.

Objective To investigate nerve growth factor (β-NGF) and its receptors expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods Expression and distribution of β-NGF, tyrosine kinase A (TrKA) and P75NGFR were detected in operation tissue specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Relations of β-NGF and its receptors with clinicalpathological characters, especially nerve invasion were analyzed. Results β-NGF and TrKA expression are higher in pancreatic adenocarcinoma than normal pancreas, and the differences are significant (P < 0. 01). Β-NGF and TrKA expression are associated with the differentiation grades(DG), lymphatic node metastasis, nerve invasion and surgical pathological stages. Poorer of DG and later stages, more expression of β-NGF and TrKA. Β-NGF and TrKA expression have positive correlations. Β-NGF, TrKA and P75NGFR mRNA expression have significantly increased 3.84,4. 23 and 2. 41 times than normal tissues by real-time PCR, respectively. Conclusions β-NGF and TrKA might play potential rules in carcinogenesis for pancreatic cancer,have affinity with clinicopathological characters of pancreatic cancer. Β-NGF and TrKA may have mutual effect in signal transduction leading to perineural invasion of pancreatic carcinoma.

Orthopaedic rehabilitation is an important part of rehabilitation resident standardization training, that is complex and unique. Introduction of the discipline, as well as optimizing teaching methods, clinical practice and test are very important for a satisfactory out-come, such as combination of theory and practice, and systematical rehabilitation procedures, principles and operation.

Objective To construct and express human papillomavirus type 11(HPV11) E7 gene with recombinant adenovirus vectors. Methods HPV11 E7 gene was amplified by PCR and directionally cloned into vector pENTR-TOPO to form TOPO-E7 plasmid. E7 gene was transferred into the pAD/CMV/V5-DESTTM gateway vector by LR recombination reaction with pAD/CMV/V5-DESTTM gateway vectors and TOPO-E7 plasmid. The recombination vector was digested by Pac I enzyme and transfected into 293A cell by Lipofectamine method to obtain recombinant adenovirus vectors pAD-E7. Expression of E7 on HaCaT cells infected with pAD-E7 vectors was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results The recombinant plasmid TOPO-E7 was identified and confirmed with enzyme digestion and sequencing. Recombinant adenovirus vectors pAD-E7 were generated efficiently with a titer of 1.4 ? 107 pfu/mL in transfected 293A cells. E7 protein could be identified in HaCaT cells with confocal microscope 48 h after infected with recombinant adenovirus vector. Conclusions The results indicate efficient expression of HPV11 E7 gene in eukaryotic cells by recombinant adenovirus mediated transfer, which facilitates further research of its function.