Sports biomechanics is a strong experimental frontier branches of science and aims to study human body motion,to explore human motion rule by human anatomy,human physiology,mechanics theories and methods. Studies on muscle mechanics are basis of studying sports biomechanics and movement training. Muscular mechanical property is very complex,and related to composition of muscle. Under different sports conditions,biomechanics characteristics of skeletal muscle are different,so the sports injuries are varied.

Sports biomechanics, as a branch of biomechanics, studies mechanics characteristics and mechanics relationship of human internal locomotor system and human external bodily movement to fundamentally understand the rule of biomechanics characteristics under the sports condition. Muscular function and mechanics characteristics are a basis of human motion, and muscle mechanics is a basis of sports biomechanics research and sports training.

Joint ligament injury often occurs in basketball sports,therefore,research on characteristics of joint cruciate ligament injury is helpful for the prevention and therapy for joint ligament injury.The manuscript introduces the biomechanical characteristics of knee joint cruciate ligament in the moving state,biological problems involved in repair,as well as the application of artificial ligament in knee joint crucriate ligament injury and its advantages and disadvantages.Various kinds of artificial ligament can be used for the repair of ligament injury,such as polyhexene,poly(ethylene terephthalate),carbon fibers,polyester,polydioxnon,polylactic acid.If we can perfect the artificial ligament,it will be more beneficial to its application in repair of ligament injury.

A Basketball sport is characterized by high exercise intensity, intense antagonism, many physical contacts, and agility. A series of injuries occurs in basketball sports. Tendon adhesion following basketball sports injury is a big problem puzzling athletes for a long time, which affect training and sport technique. Many scholars has been engaged in studying the methods prevent tendon adhesion following basketball sports injury. The article reviews the preventive effects of several biomaterials, such as chitosan, absorbable anti-adhesive film, sodium hyaluronate, polylactic acid, on tendon adhesion following basketball sports injury.

ObjectiveTo compare the difference effects on the proximal stomach in rapid(intake rate 100 mL/min) and slow(intake rate 15 mL/min) LNLT.Methods Forty healthy subjects received both the rapid and slow LNLTs.The caloric density of the nutrient was 1 kcal/mL. The TVDRI and MVDRI were recorded,and the corresponding TVPS and MVPS were measured by B-ultrasound.Results(1) There were positive correlation was identified between TVDRI and TVPS,and between MVDRI and MVPS in both slow and rapid LNLTs.(2) TVDRI and MVPS in slow LNLT were significantly smaller than those in rapid LNLT,but MVDRI was significantly larger in slow LNLT than that in rapid LNLT.(3) TVDRI was much closer to TVPS in slow LNLT than those in rapid LNLT.But MVDRI was much closer to MVPS in rapid LNLT than those in slow LNLT.Conclusion Both slow and rapid LNLTs could be used to evaluate the accommodation to a meal and visceral sensitivity of the proximal stomach.The visceral sensitivity is related to the accommodation function.TVDRI of slow LNLT is more sensitive in estimating the visceral sensitivity of the proximal stomach;MVDRI of rapid LNLT is more accurate in estimating the accommodation of the proximal stomach.

Objectives To investigate the clinical features of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) and to illustrate the importance of genetic diagnosis. Methods The mutations in 27 exons of ABCB11 encoding bile salt export pump (BSEP) were identiifed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing in 6 children with suspected PFIC2. The pathogenicity of the newly identiifed mutations were predicted by SIFT, PolyPhen-2, SNPs&GO software. The clini-cal features and laboratory examinations were reviewed. Results Four disease-causing mutations, p.R928*, p.E554K, p.R575Q and p.Y337H were identiifed, and the last three mutations were novel. These three kinds of novel mutations can cause the disease. Two children with genetic diagnosis had such manifestations as onset within a month after birth, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, upset, increased levels of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, GGT<100 U/L and high levels of total bile acid. Conclusions Genetic diagnosis is a potent tool for clinical diagnosis of PFIC2.

AIM To investigate whether the relaxation characteristics of phytoestrogens resveratrol and phloretin on contractile response of aortic strips are similar to that of estrogen and the mechanisms underground. METHODS Aortic strips from rabbits were suspended in organ baths containing Krebs solution, and then isometric tension was measured. RESULTS Resveratrol and phloretin inhibited the contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE), KCl and CaCl2, shifted their concentration-response curves rightward with pD2′ values of 2.89, 3.34, 3.37 for resveratrol and 3.23, 3.52, 3.77 for phloretin respectively. Also both of them concentration-dependently relaxed KCl-precontracted aortic strip. The relaxing response of resveratrol but not of phloretin in aortic strip was significantly reduced by removal of endothelium or incubation with Nω-L-nitro-arginine and methylthioninium chloride, however both their relaxant effects were not affected by indometacin and propranolol. In Ca2+-free Krebs solution containing 0.01 mmol·L-1 EGTA, resveratrol and phloretin inhibited NE-induced contraction which was caused by Ca2+ release from intracellular store, but did not affect the contraction which was induced by Ca2+ influx. CONCLUSION Resveratrol and phloretin can induce vasorelaxations which may relate to inhibition of Ca2+ influx through potential-dependent calcium channels and Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and the relaxing response of resveratrol is endothelium-dependent in part, but of phloretin is not endothelium-dependent.

Objective:To study the effects of group counseling which based on interpersonal activities and aimed at the college students with computer gaming addiction in China.Methods:Seventeen college students with computer game addiction were chosen as the experimental group,and 10 college students from another college were chosen as the control group.The two groups had no difference in the scores of Computer Gaming Addiction Invention(CGAI)and several other scales before group counseling.There were a pre-test and a post-test separately set when the group counseling was started and finished,focused on CGAI and negative emotions and cognitions.Results:In post-test,the score of CGAI in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group[(92.6±16.7)vs.(105.9±13.0)] and lower than that in pre-test(98.9±16.4)by analysis of covariance(Ps<0.01).The scores of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and the negative cognition of oneself in socical settings in experimental group were also lower than those in control group [(6.4±7.9)vs.(13.5±5.6),(39.7±6.4)vs.(49.9±10.3),(15.1±4.3)vs.(19.9±3.0),Ps<0.01],while the score of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(SES)was higher than that of the control group [(29.3±2.9)vs.(24.6±4.8),P<0.01].Conclusion:Group counseling based on interpersonal activities has obvious effects on the college students with computer gaming addiction.

Objective To investigate the value of blood culture result in guiding clinical rational use of drugs in clinic.Methods The medical records of 100 children patients with blood culture positive in the four departments of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results The empirical treatment accounted for 98%,the goodness of fit in the medication before culture with the appropriate antibacterial drugs according to final detected bacteria was only 51.6%;after issuing the level 1 report,the adding and substituting drugs in adjusting the antibacterial drugs accounted for about 20% each,60% of antibacterial drugs were not adjusted;after issuing the level 2 report,about 5% of children patients added the antibacterial drugs,the proportion for replacing antibacterial drugs reached 32%,meanwhile the proportion for reducing accounted for 3%;after issuing the level 3 report,the consistency of antibacterial drugs use with the final drug susceptibility test results reached 83%,the inconsistency was only about 5%.Conclusion Clinical pediatric doctors in this hospital still heavily rely on the results of blood culture 3 levels reports,executing antibacterial agents from the experience treatment to the target treatment is also very active.

Objective To investigate the differences in sex hormone levels between hypospadias and circumcision groups.Methods Fifty cases of circumcision and 137 cases of hypospadias the dihydmtestosterone (DHT) value was tested with radioimmunoassay,and testosterone was tested with lightimmunoassay.Results DHT value was (64.51 ±32.10)pg/ml in circumcision group,and (46.72 ±28.94)pg/ml in hypospadias group (P ＜0.05).DHT value in hypospadias type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ were (50.20 ±32.90)pg/ml,(46.63 ±25.67)pg/rnl,(51.60 ±32.16)pg/ral,and (39.02 ±26.32)pg/ml,respectively (P =0.29).The differences between circumcision and hypospadias groups were statistically significant (P =0.00).Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in children with hypospadias were significantly lower than those in children in the circumcision group (P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (F2),and prolactin (PRL) (P ＞ 0.05).No statistically significant differences were found in FSH among all types of hypospadias (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Inadequate secretion of T or activity insufficiency and functional deficiency of 5 alpha reductase (SRD5A) are likely found in children with hypospadia.Inadequate secretion and low T value might be found in LH-T shaft in children with hypospadia.The normal T value in some children with hypospadia does not show that androgens produced during pregnancy are normal.