Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a higher prevalence in the population, and most normal individuals after primary infection can establish latent infections. Recent reports have suggested that cytomegalovirus infection associated with lipid metabolism, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as hepatitis, atherosclerosis, isolated syndrome, metabolic syndrome, etc. This article summarized the relationship between cytomegalovirus infection and lipid metabolism, as well as its role in a variety of diseases progression.

Objective To investigate the effect of silodosin,a selective alpha1 a-adrenoceptor antagonist on a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its mechanisms.Methods The rats were divided into three groups:control,testosterone-induced BPH,and silodosin +BPH groups.BPH was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone [20 mg/(kg · d)] for 4 weeks.Meanwhile silodosin + BPH groups rats were administered silodosin 4 weeks [100 μg/(kg · d)].After 4 weeks,all animals were sacrificed to examine the blood biochemical profiles,prostate volume,weight,histopathological changes,and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein expressions.Results Each group showed an increase compared to their initial body weight;however,differences in weight change between groups were not significant (P ＞ 0.05).The BPH group displayed lower glucose levels than the control group.The serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not significantly different among groups (P ＞ 0.05).The group treated with silodosin showed significantly lesser prostate size and weight than the testosterone-induced BPH group [volume:(0.93 ± 0.14) cm3 vs (1.75 ± 0.15)cm3,P ＜0.01;weight:(0.97 ±0.06)g vs (1.30±0.05)g,P ＜0.01].In addition,silodosin decreased the expressions of EGFR and BCL-2 in prostate tissues (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions These results suggest that silodosin suppress the development of BPH by inhibiting the expressions of EGFR and BCL-2.

Piplartine is an alkaloids/amide component of Piper species,having diverse pharmacological and biological activities.Recent studies have indicated that piplartine has inhibitory effects on several kinds of tumors and is a kind of potential antitumor drugs.It can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells,cause cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis.More investigations suggest that targeting the reactive oxygen species(ROS) stressresponse pathway is closely related to its antitumor activity.

Calcineurin (CaN) serves as a key enzyme in human immune regulation. The most important target of this enzyme is the transcription factors of nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATc). The discovery of the immunosuppressive function of CaN inhibitors (CNIs),ciclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506),has helped overcome the immune rejection of organ transplantion and changed organ transplantion fundamentally. Both of these drugs are still widely used in clinical and basic research,but their therapeutic effects are limited by their serious side effects,including renal tox?icity and neurotoxicity. Therefore,the development of new CNIs with higher specificity and fewer side effects in the clinic is a focus of research. In this paper,the newly discovered and synthesized CNIs in recent decades,including the CsA and FK506 derivatives,direct inhibitors of CaN,as well as the inhibitors that specifically interfere with CaN-NFATc interaction,were summarized.

Objective To explore the clinical value of 13C-methacetin breath test for the assessment of liver disorder and to analyze its predictive value to the severity of liver function injury in children.Methods Eighteen healthy children served as healthy control group,and 40 patients with different etiology and severity served as experimental group,and then the latter were divided into 2 subgroups,28 patients in Child-Pugh classification A,and 12 cases in below B(11 cases in B and 1 case in C).An oral dose of 2 mg/kg tracer 13C-methacetin was administered to each subject for the 13 C-methacetin breath test.At the same time,serum liver function markers including serum transaminase,bilirubin,albumin and prothrombin time were measured.The acquired data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results (1) Metabolisation velocity (MV) max30 and cumulated dose (CUM) 120 in experimental group (46.64 ± 27.93,59.29 ± 30.73) were much lower than those of the healthy control group(73.56 ± 26.03,102.97 ± 41.80) (t =2.450,3.165,all P ＜0.05);(2) MVmax30 and CUM120 were closely correlated with the liver function markers of albumin,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,prothrombin time (P ＜ 0.05);(3) MVmax30 and CUM120 could predict liver diseases in children,especially the CUM120.With CUM120 =85.80 as a cut-off value to predict liver diseases,the Youden index was 0.578 at its maximum,and the sensitivity and specificity were 77.8％ and 80.0％;(4) Compared with the Child-Pugh classification A,the CUM120 in Child-Pugh classification B and lower B was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.001);(5) CUM120 could predict the severity of liver diseases.With CUM120 =56.15 as a cut off value to predict the severity of liver diseases,the Youden index was 0.857 at its maximum,and the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7％ and 100.0％.Conclusion 13C-methacetin breath test index of CUM120 could predict liver diseases in children and the severity of liver function.

Objective To explore the correlation between pathologic findings of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma accompanied with cystic lesion and their radiological images .Methods The pathological and radiological data of 97 cases with cystic lesion of 560 patients who were diagnosed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on postoperative pathology were retrospectively analyzed .All the patients underwent CT and MRI examinations .Results Postoperative pathological report showed that solid masses and cysts coexisted in all the lesions .Solid masses had compact structures and consisted of innumerable fibrous collagen mixed with tumorous tubular or acinar gland tissue but lack of vessels and inflammatory cells were infiltrated in tissues surrounding the tumors .As for the accompanied cystic lesions , 54 cases ( 56%) were pseudocysts , 22 cases (23%) were retention cysts, 12 cases (12%) were pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms ( IPMN) , and 9 cases (9%) were the necrosis and cystic changes of the tumors .Solid masses were hypodense or iso-hypodense in CT, and hypodense on T1 WI and isodense or iso-hyperdense on T2 WI in MR.The focal calcification was detected in only one mass .Seventy-eight cases displayed slight enhancement and 19 cases displayed no enhancement after enhancement .The tumor′s boundary were unclear in all cases .The cystic lesions which were located in masses were only observed in patients with tumors′necrosis and cystic degeneration, and other cystic lesions were adjacent to the solid masses .Single cyst was found in 70 cases (49 with pseudocysts , 12 with retention cysts , 9 tumors′necrosis and cystic degeneration ,) and multiple cysts were in 27 cases (5 with pseudocysts, 10 with retention cysts ,12 with IPMN).Exudation appeared surrounding the tumors in all cases accompanied with pseudocysts , and the cystic wall was attached to the spleen in 10 cases and the kidney in 5 cases.Hemorrhage appeared in 16 cases with pseudocysts .Pancreatic ducts were blocked by tumor masses and the proximal duct was dilated in 80 cases.Common bile ducts were obstructed with the proximal duct dilated in 18 patients.Splenic veins were infiltrated in 11 cases.Wall nodular lesions were seen in 5 cases with cystic degeneration .Conclusions Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly invasive tumor with compact structures , and the tumors′cystic degeneration is uncommon in such patients .Most of the cystic lesions accompanied with the tumors are pseudocysts or retention cysts , which are secondary changes caused by the obstruction in pancreatic ducts , and these pathological features are correlated the imaging findings .

Currently,the most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke is administration of tissuetype plasminogen activator for intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis within 3 to 6 hours after symptoms onset.However,the narrow therapeutic time window and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage have limited its clinical application.Angiogcncsis refers to the process of the formation of new functional blood vessels with the manner of germination from the already existing network of blood vessels.An increasing number of studies have shown that histone deacetylases involve in the regulation of angiogenesis.It may become a potential stroke treatment strategy.This article reviews the role of histone deacetylases in the regulation of angiogenesis.

ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical features of adult patients with abdominal type Henoch Scholein Purpura(HSP) to improve the early diagnosis and therapeutic outcome of HSP.Methods The clinical features of 31 adult patients with abdominal type HSP from the Hematology department of Handan First Hospital between March 2007 to June 2010 were retrospectively reviewed and compared with that of 30 adult patients with non-abdominal type HSP.Results All the 31 patients had abdominal pain.Of those patients,48.4％ had periumbilical colicky pain, 38.7％ had whole abdominal pain and 12.9％ had lower abdominal pain.The other clinical manifestations included nausea/vomiting(19.4％),positive feces occult blood test(45.1％) .EGD and Colonoscopy of 13 patients showed mucosal congestion, red macda, erosion and ulceration mainly in the descending duodenum, distal ileum and rectosigmoid.There was no difference in age, gender, allergic history and predisposing infection between those with abdominal pain and without.The patients with abdominal pain had more cases of mixed-type HSP than those without and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.01) .Conclusion Patients with abdominal-type of HSP are mainly young adults.So we must be more alert to abdominal-type of HSP when facing young patients with abdominal emergency.Abdominal-pain-manifesting HSP patients are mostly mixed-type cases.Gastrointestinal endoscopy is specific and might provide valuable clues for early diagnosis.

Objective To study the different pathogenesis between non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease(NERD) and reflux esophagitis(RE).Methods 57 patients with regurgitation or heartburn from 1996 to 2004 were assessed in this study.Patients with esophageal mucosal break by endoscopy were regarded as the RE group,others as the NERD group.The clinical feature and whether complicating with H.pylori infection in both groups were reviewed and all patients underwent esophageal manometry and 24 hours esophageal/gastric pH monitoring.Results No differences of age?sex?smoking?drinking and Hp infection were found between the two groups.The incidence of the atypical reflux symptom (chest pain) in the NERD group was higher than in the RE group.There was pathologic acid reflux in both groups,but the two groups did not differ at reflux degree.Esophageal body peristaltic amplitude of the NERD group was higher than that of the RE group.Average gastric pH of the NERD group in supine was lower compared with the RE group.Conclusion In the NERD patients,the incidence of the atypical reflux symptom is more prevalent.It is the esophageal acid clearance not the reflux degree that plays an important role in the different pathogenesis between NERD and RE.

Objective To distinguish primary CMV infection from reactivation or reinfection. Methods A urea denaturation test was included in the washstep of the standard IgG ELISA in 12 patients of age＜12 whose serum CMV-IgG were positive, avidity indexes of CMV-IgG were measured. Results Among children aged 1～12 years, the varieties of avidity indexes of CMV-IgG in A group(IgM negative and IgG positive) and B group(IgM positive and IgG positive) had the same trend. There was only one case in B group whose avidity index was under 30%, the other were all above 30%, and most were above 50%. But among 40 children aged 1～12 months,the avidity indexes were under 30% in 21 cases,8 cases were 30～50% ,and 11 cases were above 50%. The antibody avidity in 1～6 months children was influenced by their mothers lgG,80% (12/15) of 7 ～12 months children had low-avidity antibodies. Conclusion CMV infection mostly occurred among 1～12 months children. Urea denaturation test was an efficient method to distinguish primary CMV infection from reactivation or reinfection.