Bisphosphonate,as a first line medicine for treating osteoporosis,has been efficacious in reducing the incidences of fractures and some tumors.Although severe side effects such as osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and atypical fracture of femur would take place,its very low incidence does not affect the current status of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Bisphosphonates have been efficacious in preventing bone loss and reducing fractures in men and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Possible risks of osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femur fractures have been reported with bisphosphonates treatment,despite these incidences are very low.Oral bisphosphonates are associated with upper gastrointestinal side effects and iv bisphosphonates with acute phase reactions,the association of bisphosphonate use with esophageal cancer and atrial fibrillation is not well supported by current data.

The FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) calculator is an application of different clinical risk factors to predict the absolute risk of fracture.It is the model based on a series of data of evidence-based medical researches on fracture risk factors.FRAX is limited by a number of factors.However,it is a major achievement in terms of our understanding and measuring fracture risk.

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed by the differentiated adult cells, ard in terms of biological characteristics they are remarkably similar to embryonic stem cells. Compared to the embryonic stem cells, the iPS cells are unrestricted by cell resources, immune rejection and ethics, They maintain the advantages such as specific individual genes, and provide potential cell resources for the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, This article mainly introduces the iPS cells and their application in the research and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To observe the impact of the diverse caloric energy intake on the outcomes and occurrence rate of complications in septic patients.Methods A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted.158 cases of septic patients in intensive care unit (ICU) were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups according to their different target value of nutrition:group A [measurements of resting energy expenditure (MREE)＜90％],B (MREE 90％-110％) and C (MREE ＞ 110％).The caloric intake,mechanical ventilation duration (MVD),nosocomial infection rate,28-day and 60-day mortality were analyzed.Results Daily energy intake in 7 days after ICU admission was as follows:the difference in target value of nutrition(kJ/d:7 075.0 ± 1 046.5,5 667.8 ± 1 908.8,4 428.8 ± 1 377.8),calory intake (kJ/d:4 671.6 ± 1 205.6,5 655.3 ± 1 373.0,6 053.0 ± 1 557.2),enteral nutrition value (kJ/d:2 051.1 ± 1 046.5,3 980.9 ± 1 586.5,5 337.1 ±2 921.8) and average intake rate [(66.0 ± 15.8)％,(100.0 ± 5.7)％,(134.0 ± 19.7)％],and they were statistically significant difference among A,B,C groups (all P＜0.05).The parenteral nutrition in group C were much higher than that in group A and group B (kJ/d:2 055.3 ± 273.4vs.427.0 ± 273.4,473.0 ± 332.0,both P＜0.05).The calories provided by glucose and diprivan were similar among three groups.The MVD and ICU stay were shorter in group B than that in groups A and C [MVD (days):8.4 ± 6.3 vs.11.0 ± 8.2,17.8 ± 13.0,P＞ 0.05 and P＜ 0.05 ; ICU stay (days):11.0 ± 6.4 vs.14.9 ± 9.6,17.8 ± 13.0,respectively,P＞0.05 and P＜0.05].The total hospital stay (days:32.0 ± 22.5,26.8 ± 7.0,30.4 ± 21.4) and nosocomial infection rate [91.1％ (51/56),84.0％ (42/50),90.4％ (47/52)] were similar among A,B,C groups (all P＞0.05).There was no difference in survival rate at 28 days among three groups as shown by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve (F=3.145,P=0.076).The survival rate at 60 days showed a tendency of lowering in groups A and C,especially in group C (F=9.284,P=0.010).Conclusion Both higher and lower caloric energy intake may be associated with an adverse impact,but appropriate caloric intake would improve the outcome and reduce the complication rate in septic patients.

Objective To assess the influence of cumulative energy balance on outcome in septic patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods The indirect calorimetry (IC) was used to obtain target energy in 60 septic patients. The cumulative energy balance between survivors and non-survivors were compared. Logistic regressions was used to analyze the risk factors of death. Results Non-survivors had higher negative energy balance than survivors (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the start time of feeding and cumulative caloric balance were risk factors of mortality. Conclusions Effective nutrition support might be a good strategy to improve outcomes.

STGC3, a novel tumor related gene, was cloned recently. The previous studies indicated that STGC3 can inhibit the proliferation of CNE2 cell line in vitro. To examine the effect of STGC3 on the tumorigenicity of CNE2 cell line and explore its mechanism in nude mice. The Tet/pTRE/CNE2-STGC3 cell line was planted under the front leg skin of nude mice and induced by doxycycline (Dox). The mRNA and protein level of STGC3 in transplanted tumor tissues were detected with RT-PCR and Western Blotting. The apoptosis ratio of the tumor cell was analyzed with flow cytometry. STGC3, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry method. The results indicated that high level of STGC3 expression can inhibit tumorigenicity of CNE2 cell line in nude mice. Tumor grew slowly, later and smaller. Cell apoptotic percentage increased. Bcl-2 protein expression was down-regulated and Bax protein expression was up-regulated in Tet/pTRE/CNE2-STGC3 cell line (P

Objective To study the thrombolysis effect and safety of tirofiban combined with half dose reteplase in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction .Methods 60 patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction in our hospital from January 2011 to March 2013 were selected as research object ,and they were divided into reteplase group (control group ,n=32) and tirofiban combined with reteplase group (observation group ,n=28) ,then the recanalization rate of infarct-relat-ed artery at different time and incidence of complications were compared .Results The recanalization rate of infarct-related artery of observation group at different time were all higher than those of control group (P<0 .05) ,while incidence of complications of two groups had no significant difference(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The thrombolysis effect of tirofiban combined with half dose reteplase in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction is better ,and it does not increase the incidence of complications .

Objective To study the effect of caveolin-1 gene expression on the proliferation of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells,and to explore the possibility for its future usage in gene therapy.Methods The full-length caveolin-1 gene was stably transfected into the MGC803 cell line by lipofectin.The Pcl neo vector was transfected at the same time as mock control.The expression of caveolin-1 was detected by Western blot in both the caveolin-1 gene transfected MGC803 cells and the controls.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results After transfected with caveolin-1,MGC803 cells significantly up-regulated the expression of caveolin 1 and extended their doubling time.The cell proliferation was inhibited and the cell cycle was arrested in the G_0/G_1 phase.Conclusion Caveolin-1 can inhibit the proliferation of MGC803 cells and induce cell cycle arrest in G_0/G_1 phase.

Objective To investigate osteocyte density as a potential index of bone biomechanical property. Methods Forty 7-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly group (EST) and sham operation group (SHAM). At 15 weeks postoperation, the compression test was performed on L5 vertebral body and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to estimate the three-dimensional bone mineral density (BMD) and three-dimensional microstructure parameters of L6 vertebral body. After fatigue damage testing, the L6 vertebral body was bulk-stained in 1% basic fuchsin and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Mounted bone slices were used to measure microcrack parameters and osteocyte density. Results At 15 weeks postoperation, osteocyte density (Ot. N/T. area) was significantly decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM group and EST group [(1268. 1 ±191.2)/mm2 vs. (1760. 8 ± 376.6)/mm2 and (1550. 9± 202.2)/mm2, F = 3.513,P<0. 05]. Maximum load (ML) was significantly decreased and the length of microcrack (Cr. Le) was significantly increased in OVX group compared with SHAM group, EST group and GEN group [(84. 4±16.9)N vs. (110.3±25.6),(103. 9±15. 8)and(110.1±4. 9)N; (58. 1±6.8) μm vs. (24.2±8. 1), (36. 5±9. 7)and(28.5±7. 5)μm, F=9. 561,3. 179, all P<0. 05]. Compared with SHAM group and EST group, bone trabecula connection density (Conn. D) was significantly decreased and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) was significantly increased in OVX group [(47.4±7.4) m-3 vs. (71.8±16.0)and (74.0±12.7)m-3;(315.0±32.7)μm vs. (222. 5±21.7)and (273.3± 50.0)μm, F=7. 635,7. 007, all P<0. 05]. Bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in OVX group than that in SHAM group[(6.5±2. 2)g vs. (7. 9±1.2)g, P<0. 05]. When data in four groups were overall analyzed, Ot. N/T. Ar was positively correlated with ML, Conn. D and BMC (R2 = 0. 7874, 0. 1153, 0. 1309, all P<0. 05), but was negatively correlated with Cr. Le and Tb. Sp (R2 =0. 5738, 0. 3964, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Osteocyte plays a crucial role in maintaining bone biomechanical property and osteocyte density may be considered as a useful indicator for assessing bone biomechanical property.