Calcineurin inhibitors,such as cyclosporin A and tacroli mus,are widely-used i mmuno-suppressive drugs clinically.However,renal toxicity,hyperglycae mia and other side-effects can occur over long-term use.Isolation of novel calcineurin inhibitors fro m medicinal plants in recent years has pro-vided a new approach to the development of new immunosuppressive drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity.Recnt studies have shown that medicinal plant extracts, such as isogarcinol, quercetin, kae mpferol,phenylethanoid glycosides,ere mophilane sesquiterpenes A and B,pisiferdiol,as well as extracts fro m Smilax china L and Jasminum humile L,have obvious inhibitory effect on calcineurin.

Objective To explore the expression of circadian clock gene Per2 in the tissue of esophageal cancer and the relevance between VEGF,cyclin D1.Methods 80 cases with esophageal cancer who received surgical treatment and pathological specimens preserved were selected,and the normal tissues adjacent to carcinoma were used as control.The expression of Per2,VEGF and cyclin D1 were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the data were analyzed.Results Compared the tissue adjacent to carcinoma with carcinoma tissue,Per2,VEGF and cyclin D1 expression had statistically significant differences(x2 =26.86,24.34,23.72,all P ＜0.01).Per2 expression in different differentiation degree and the TMN stages had statistically significant differences (x2 =6.45,7.77,all P ＜ 0.05) ;cyclin D1 expression in lymph node metastasis and TMN stages had statistically significant differences(x2 =12.99,8.99,all P ＜ 0.01) ;VEGF expression in lymph node metastasis and TMN stages had statistically significant differences(x2 =6.68,6.14,all P ＜ 0.01).Per2 expression was negatively correlated with VEGF,cyclin D1 expression (r =-0.644,-0.523,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Clock gene Per2 and VEGF,cyclin D1 expression in esophageal cancer has certain correlation,it can be a prognostic indicator of esophageal cancer.

Objective To discover the effective component of Rhizoma Tupistrae chinensis with inhibiting angiogenesis. Methods Several parts of Rhizoma Tupistrae chinensis were obtained by using different extraction solvents. They were screened by the model of ECV304 cell membrane chromatography with anti-VEGF antibody as a control drug. The inhibition of effective component (ZGQ-C) on ECV304 proliferation in vitro was examined by MTT assay. Results The inhibition rate (40.51%,51.11%,63.54%,74.32%,81.26%) was correlated with the ZGQ-C concentration. The ECV304 cell had significantly changed in morphology. Conclusion The ZGQ-C is an effective component for inhibiting angiogenesis. The screening results on the model have a good correlation with that of MTT assay.

OBJECTIVE To get the message of drug sensitivity and characteristic of Candida infecting patients in our hospital. METHODS The CHROMagar candida color medium was applied to isolate and identify Candida strains.Drug sensitivity was analyzed by the K-B slip diffusion method. RESULTS Totally 393 strains of Candida in our hospital were isolated in the three years,including Candida albicans;C.tropicalis;C.glabrata;(C.krusei);Cryptococcus neoformans and the others;and their infection rate was 63.10%,12.47%,9.41%,8.40%,1.53%,and 5.09%,respectively.Among all strains,156(39.69%) strains were isolated from sputum,(66(16.79%))from stool,45(11.45%) from urine,38(9.67%)from leucorrhea,and 34(8.65%)from throat swabs.Sensitivity results to nine antifungals showed that 5-flucytosine,fluconazole,clotrimazole,amphotericin B,and nystatin had higher drug sensitivity to these fungi. CONCLUSIONS Isolated rate of Candida is higher from clinical samples.Drug sensitivity of different Candida to various antibiotics is different.Culturing and drug sensitivity of Candida should be put on important place and antibiotics should be used reasonably based on drug sensitive test to reduce drug resistance.

Objective To investigate the differences in sex hormone levels between hypospadias and circumcision groups.Methods Fifty cases of circumcision and 137 cases of hypospadias the dihydmtestosterone (DHT) value was tested with radioimmunoassay,and testosterone was tested with lightimmunoassay.Results DHT value was (64.51 ±32.10)pg/ml in circumcision group,and (46.72 ±28.94)pg/ml in hypospadias group (P ＜0.05).DHT value in hypospadias type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ were (50.20 ±32.90)pg/ml,(46.63 ±25.67)pg/rnl,(51.60 ±32.16)pg/ral,and (39.02 ±26.32)pg/ml,respectively (P =0.29).The differences between circumcision and hypospadias groups were statistically significant (P =0.00).Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in children with hypospadias were significantly lower than those in children in the circumcision group (P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (F2),and prolactin (PRL) (P ＞ 0.05).No statistically significant differences were found in FSH among all types of hypospadias (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Inadequate secretion of T or activity insufficiency and functional deficiency of 5 alpha reductase (SRD5A) are likely found in children with hypospadia.Inadequate secretion and low T value might be found in LH-T shaft in children with hypospadia.The normal T value in some children with hypospadia does not show that androgens produced during pregnancy are normal.

Background:Gastric xanthelasma is a benign and uncommon lesion with unknown etiology. It has been noted thatatrophic gastritis is frequently seen in patients with gastric xanthelasma. Aims:To investigate the relationship betweengastric xanthelasma and atrophic gastritis and its clinical significance. Methods:A total of 10645 consecutive patients whohad undergone gastroscopy from Apr. 2015 to Mar. 2016 at the Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled andanalyzed retrospectively with respect to their demographic,clinical,endoscopic and histological features. Results:Theprevalence of gastric xanthelasma in patients recruited in this study was 2. 9％ . The mean age and prevalence of atrophicgastritis (47. 9％ vs. 16. 6％ )were significantly higher and the gastric atrophy was more severe in patients with gastricxanthelasma than those without (P all < 0. 001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥50 years(adjusted OR =1. 349,95％ CI:1. 042 ～ 1. 747,P = 0. 023)and atrophic gastritis (adjusted OR = 3. 892,95％ CI:3. 076 ～4. 924,P <0. 001)were independently related to the presence of gastric xanthelasma. Likewise,the prevalence ofgastric xanthelasma in patients with atrophic gastritis was significantly higher than those without (7. 9％ vs. 1. 8％ ,P <0. 001). Age- and sex-matched control analysis proved the correlation between gastric xanthelasma and atrophic gastritis(P <0. 001). In addition,multiple xanthelasma was more prevalent in gastric xanthelasma patients with atrophic gastritisthan those without (32. 0％ vs. 13. 8％ ,P <0. 001). Conclusions:Gastric xanthelasma is correlated with age and presenceand severity of atrophic gastritis. Atrophic gastritis might be one of the etiological factors of gastric xanthelasma,and gastricxanthelasma might be an atypical mucosal lesion caused by gastric atrophy.

Objective To assess the relationships among the autologous serum-induced skin wheal-andflare reaction,ex vivo serum-induced basophil histamine release, and serum levels of IgG anti-FcεRI autoantibodies in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU).Methods Sixty patients with CIU collected from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were recruited for this study.Sera were obtained from the subjects,and ASST was performed in all of the subjects.The results of ASST were determined according to a recommended criterion described by Sabroe et al,and the positive results were further subclassified into wheal plus flare (W+F) pattern and wheal-only (W) pattern,negative results into flare-only (F) pattern and no response pattern.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the content of histamine released by autologous serum-induced basophils and serum levels of IgG anti-FcεRI autoantibodies.Results Of the 60 patients,19 (31.7％)were positive for ASST,including 16 (84.2％) presenting W+F pattern and 3 presenting W pattern; 41 were negative for ASST,including 3 (7.3％) giving F pattern and 38 giving no response pattern.The histamine release rate was significantly higher in ASST-positive patients than in ASST-negative patients (33.38％ ± 9.83％ vs.4.06％ ±1.44％,t =5.13,P＜ 0.01),and was nearly twice as high as that in basophils induced by 10 μmol/L formylmethionyleucylphenylalanine (Fmlp).The serum levels of IgG anti-FcεRI autoantibodies were high in only patients giving (W+F) pattern (757.64 ± 168.99 ng/L),but low in the normal human controls (43.25 ± 16.63 ng/L).Conclusions The positive ASST result of wheal plus flare pattern is associated with high serum levels of IgG anti-FcεRI autoantibodies,and is suggestive of a clinical diagnosis of autoimmune chronic urticaria (ACU).

Objective To observe the influence of smoking on lower airway bacterial colonization(LABC)in stable phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods 104 patients with moderate or severe COPD were divided into three groups:42 cases smoking continuously were divided into A group,36 cases quit smoking were B group,34 non-smoker were C group.Induced sputum were analyzed for quantitiative bacteriology and bacterial culture,pulmonary function was evaluated at begining and in two years later.Results Smokers has higher positive rate of LABC than non-smokers;patients in B group has significantly lower positive rate of bacterialculture in quit smoking 2 years late than before,and significantly lower than that in A group;bacterial colonization in A group and B group include Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae,Moraxella catarrhalis; patients in B group quit smoking 2 years late and patients in C group has significantly lower positive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,significantly decreased exacerbation frequency and decline of FEV1 than patients in A group.Conclusion Smoking increase positive rate of LABC in patients with moderate or severe COPD.Smoking is an important factor in deterioration of lung function in COPD.there is positive significance to quit smoking in patients with COPD.

Objective To detect the expression of Per2 and VEGF in NSCLC tissue,and analyze its clinical significance.Methods The expression of Per2 and VEGF was measured in 60 NSCLC and 20 normal lung tissue by immunohistochemistry assay,then the relation with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of Per2 in NSCLC and in normal lung tissue were 71.7％ and 95.0％ ( x2 =4.683,P ＜0.05 ),while the positive expression rate of VEGF were 58.3％ and 15％ (x2 =11.295,P ＜ 0.01 ).The negative expression of Per2 in NSCLC was correlated with pathological differentiation or TNM stage( x2 =4.413,6.179,all P ＜0.05),while the positive expression of VEGF in NSCLC was correlated with pathological differentiation or lymphatic metastasis (x2 =6.524,P ＜ 0.05 ).The expression of Per2 was negatively correlated with the expression of VEGF in NSCLC (r =-0.381,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The overexpression of VEGF in NSCLC may contribute to invasion and metastasis,while Per2 may be a beneficial prognosis factor in patients with NSCLC.

Objective To observe the effects and feasibility of using walking and breathing exercises to help patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community.Methods A hundred and one communitydwelling patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomized into an experimental group (51 cases) and a control group (50 cases).The control group was given conventional pharmacotherapy,while the experimental group was given quantified walking (i.e.walking for a pre-set number of steps daily) and breathing exercises (15 minutes,3 sessions daily) to do at home for 48 weeks in addition to the conventional pharmacotherapy,.Both groups were evaluated before and after the 48 weeks of treatment using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT),a clinical COPD questionnaire,Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scoring,a general anxiety/depression questionnaire and a pulmonary function test.In addition,days of hospitalization and incidence of acute exacerbation were also recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results Among the 101 cases,92 (91.1％) completed the study (45 in the experimental group,47 in the control group,a difference which was not statistically significant).After treatment,the average 6MWT distance in the experimental group was significantly increased and significantly greater than that in the control group.No statistically significant intra-group or inter-group differences were observed with regard to the pulmonary function test or the MRC dyspnea scores.Intra-group comparison and inter-group comparison of the clinical COPD questionnaire scores and anxiety/depression scores did,however,reveal statistically significant differences.There was no significant difference in the average number of acute attacks or in the length of hospital stays.Conclusions Quantified walking and breathing exercises are effective and feasible therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community.