We have observed the effects of five alga polysaccharides on rabbit's blood platelets aggregation. We found that the polysaccharides could inhibit aggregation of blood platelets in vitro. The strongest effect was observed in the polysaccharides from the following,in decreasing order of strength: Scytosiphon lomentarius, Codium fragile,Laminaria japonica and Ulvalactuca. The same effect was not observed in polysaccharides from Cladophra. We also found a positive correlation between the effects of anti-aggregation and the ratio of vitriol radicles in these five polysaccharides.

BACKGROUND:Total knee arthroplasty is the main treatment for end-stage knee disease.However,knee prostheses are mostly imported from overseas,making the price expensive.Furthermore,ethnic differences mean that these prostheses designed for westerners are not designed to meet the needs of Orientals.OBJECTIVE:To verify the efficacy and safety of this novel knee prosthesis in total knee arthroplasty.METHODS:We propose to conduct a prospective,single-center,randomized,positive parallel controlled,non-inferiority,clinical trial at Shiyan Taihe Hospital,China.Seventy-two patients with knee disease who are scheduled to undergo knee arthroplasty will be equally randomized into the trial group or the control group using a randomized block design.The trial and control groups will undergo knee arthroplasty with knee prostheses purchased from Wuhan Yijiabao Biomaterial Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan,China (newly developed) and Beijing AKEC Medical Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,China (approved by the China Food and Drug Administration),respectively.All patients will be followed up for 12 months.The primary outcome will be the recovery of knee function as assessed by the rate of excellent and good Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores at postoperative 12 months (± 15 days).The secondary outcomes will be:the morphology of the knee as revealed by anteroposterior and lateral radiographic views taken preoperatively,and at postoperative 2 weeks (± 5 days),6 weeks (± 15 days),3 months (± 15 days),6 months (± 15 days),and 12 months (± 15 days);the incidence of adverse reactions at postoperative 2 weeks (± 5 days),6 weeks (± 15 days),3 months (± 15 days),6 months (± 15 days),and 12 months (± 15 days);and the correlation between various types of adverse reactions and each knee prosthesis type.This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier:03184129).The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Taihe Hospital of China (approval number:2016 (34)).All protocols will be performed in accordance with the Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects in the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was provided by each patient and their family members after they indicated that they fully understood the treatment plan.DISCUSSION:Participant recruitment began in February 2017 and will be finished in September 2017.Data analysis will be completed in November 2018.Wuhan Yijiabao Biomaterial Co.,Ltd.has developed a new knee prosthesis system.This system uses cobalt-chrome-molybdenum and high cross-linked polyethylene as the active friction interface,which has excellent wear resistance.This trial is designed to verify the efficacy and safety of this novel knee prosthesis in total knee arthroplasty.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and dynamic hip screw (DHS) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.And provide a reasonable basis for clinical treatment of elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.Methods The clinical and follow-up records of 58 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by PFNA and DHS were retrospectively reviewed.For times of operation,blood loss in operation,length of incision,incidents of complication and Harris's hip functional standard score were compared and analyzed.Results PFNA group operation time[(59.61 ± 8.27)min],amount of bleeding[(234.51 ± 38.80)ml] were both better than the DHS group of[(83.54 ± 11.12)min and (446.57 ±54.01) ml] respectively.There were significant differences (t =9.80,18.10,all P ＜ 0.05).The satisfactory rate was 92.8％ in PFNA group,higher than the DHS group's 83.3 ％ (x2 =6.18,P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference between two groups in the incident of complication,DHS group was higher.Conclusion PFNA internal fixation with a minimally invasive,fixed solid and recovery fast,is the better internal fixation in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of endoscopic biliary stent drainage for obstructive jaundice due to hepatic portal metastatic carcinoma. Methods Patients with obstructive jaundice arising from hepatic portal metastatic carcinoma were selected and treated with consent by plastic endoscopic bile duct stents since 2006. Success rate and survival were evaluated. A total of 38 patients with obstructive jaundice were treated and analyzed. Hepatic portal metastatic carcinoma included 13 cases of liver cancer, 3gallbladder carcinoma, 14 gastric carcinoma, 2 esophageal carcinoma, 1 ileum adenocarcinoma and 5 pancreatic carcinoma. Results Stents were successfully placed in all patients and jaundice rapidly subsided after the endoscopic procedure. Follow-up life span was 92-521 days, mean 264. 42 ± 104. 41 days. During follow-up, biliary stents were replaced in 5 patients in 3-14 months ( mean 8. 6 ± 4. 1 months) because of stent displacment in 1 case, biliary stone obstruction in 2 cases and carcinomatous obstruction in 2 others.Conclusion For patients with obstructive jaundice arising from hepatic portal metastatic carcinoma, endoscopic biliary stent drainage is effective and can prolong life span to some degree.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of endoscopic esophageal submucosal tunnel resection of gastric fundus-cardiac tumors originating from muscularis propria.Methods Clinical date of 18 patients with gastric fundus-cardiac submucosal tumors originating from muscularis propria who underwent endoscopic esophageal submucosal tunnel resection from January 2011 to December 2011 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsAll lesions were successfully and completely resected in 18 patients,with sizes ranging from 0.7 cm to 7.2 cm,mean (2.43 ± 1.91 ) cm.Pneumoretroperitoneum,pneumomediastinum and pneumohypoderma occured during the procedure in 2 cases,but spontaneously resolved in 3 days.Fever with increased WBC within 24 h after the procedure occurred in one patient,and was cured in two days with antibiotics.There were no severe complications including bleeding,perforation or death.All patients could have liquid diet 3 days later after the operation.Follow-up endoscopy at 1 week after the operation showed a healing of esophageal incision.ConclusionEndoscopic esophageal submucosal tunnel resection is a safe and effective method for gastric fundus-cardiac submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria,lessening the difficulty of traditional endoscopic resection.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of endoscopic palliative stents drainage in patients with unresectable carcinoma at pancreas head.Methods Endoscopic stents placement was Derformed in 197 patients with unresectable pancreas head carcinoma,from August 2003 to August 2007,and the clinieal data was studied retrospectively.Results Bile duct obstruction was present in all patients.in which 126 were accompanied with dilation of distal pancreatic duct,91 with atrophy of pancrea body and tail. Stent placement in pancreatic duct Was performed in 108 patients with a Success rate of 96.4%,and placement in bile duct was performed in all patients with a success rate of 99.0%.In 195 patients with successful stent placement,jaundice dissolved after the procedure.Of 101 patients who had abdominal pain,complete pain alleviation Was achieved in 98,partially alleviation achieved in 3. Serum amylase level increased after the operation in 24 cases,which resumed tO normal value after corresponding managements.All Datients received a lifelong follow-up at mean duration of 373.57±157.35 days,with a longest survival time of 842 days.Conclusion Endoscopic palliative stents drainage is safe and effective in patients with unresectable Dancre.atie carcer,which miight increase survival rate and improve life quality.

ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the prevalence,awareness and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) between urban and rural population in Guangxi province in order to provide information for prevention and treatment of CKD.MethodsBy a stratified multistage random sampling method,18 to 74 years old residents in Guangxi province were surveyed. They wereevaluatedbyquestionnaire,urinaryalbumin/creatinineratio, hematuria (microscopic examination of centrifuged urine sediment),kidney B-mode ultrasound,and abnormal results were reviewed 3 months later.Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) was calculated with the simplified MDRD equation modified by a Chinese coefficient.The risk factors associated with CKD were also investigated.Results There were no significant differences between urban and rural residents in the prevalence of albuminuria (5.22％ vs 5.47％) and hematuria (1.07％ vs 1.11％)(all P＞0.05).The prevalence of renal lithiasis in rural residents was significantly higher than that in the town(10.54％ vs 6.95％)(P＜0.05).The decreased renal function between urban and rural residents(3.87％ vs 4.04％,P＞0.05) had no significant difference.The prevalence of CKD was 9.58％ in urban and 9.42％ in rural(P＞0.05).The prevalence of albuminuria according to the age distribution was different between urban and rural,which increased along with the age in urban but showed two peaks(30-40 years old and 60-74 years old) in rural.Based on logistic regression analysis,the risk factors for albuminuria were diabetes,hyperuricemia,the history of cardiovascular disease,chronic tonsillitis and HBsAg positive.The risk factors for kidney function decline were age,hyperuricemia,hypertension,diabetes,renal lithiasis and history of cardiovascular disease.The awareness rate of CKD in urban was significantly higher than that in rural (14.45％ vs 6.27％,P＜0.05).Conclusions The prevalenceof CKD has no significant difference between urban and rural in Guangxi province.The awareness rate of CKD in urban is significantly higher than that in rural.It is needed to enhance the prevention and treatment of CKD in rural.

ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic submucosal tunnel resection for esophageal leiomyoma originating from muscularis propria.MethodsA total of 16 patients with esophageal mass originating from muscularis propria were recruited with informed consents from January 2011 to November 2011,and underwent esophageal submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection.ResultsAll lesions were completely resected.Histological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyona,and immunohistochemical staining indicated active hyperplasia in 9 cases.Intraoperative mediastinal,subcutaneous and retroperitoneal emphysema occurred in one patient,and the patient recovered one week later.No other complications or death were recorded.The patients were followed up for six months on average,and no cases of recurrence were found.ConclusionEndoscopic submncosal tunnel resection of esophageal leiomyoma originating from the muscularis propria is a minimally invasive,safe and effective procedure.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in biliary papillomatosis. Methods Data of 6 patients, who underwent ERCP and diagnosed as biliary papillomatosis from 2000 to 2008, were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 3 males and 3 females, with the mean age of onset at 72.8 years (range 52-83 years). Recurrent cholangitis and jaundice were common presentations in all patients, with 5 patients having right upper abdominal pain and 3 others exhiting fever and algor. History of partial hepatectomy was observed in 2 patients. Endoscopic findings included dilated papillary orifice with mucin discharge in 5 patients and papillary-occupying lesion in 1 patient. Multiple filling defects in the lumen of the biliary system in dilated common bile duct were detected in all patients, accompanied with extra-hepatic ducts dilatation in 3, right intra-hepatic duct dilatation in 1, and major pancreatic duct dilation in 1. Of 6 patients, 5 underwent multiple ERCP, inclucling stents and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD), and have survived for 10-30 months. Another 83-year-old patient underwent palliative endoscopic treatment with balloons, baskets and ENBD, but died of cholangitis 10 days after the procedure. Conclusion This case series reports the typical endoscopic findings of biliary papiliomatosis. For inoperable or postoperative recurrent patients, endoscopic palliative treatment is a safe, convenient and effective procedure.

AIM:To explore the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats.METHODS: Lewis rats were randomly allocated to a myocin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) group receiving saline (n=10), a DCM group receiving PTX (PTX group; 25 mg?kg-1?d-1, ip, for 30 days, n=10) or healthy control group (n=10). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in the blood plasma were analyzed by ELISA. The extent of fibrosis was estimated using Masson's staining and immunohistochemistry analyses. Cardiac structure and function were measured by echocardiography.RESULTS: PTX decreased plasma levels of TNF-? and IL-6, and increased IL-10 level in DCM animals compared with DCM group [TNF-?: (7.21?0.24) ?g/L vs (19.30?1.31) ?g/L, P