Objective To study the expression of survivin and its relationship with the proliferative activity in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Using immunohistochemistry ABC methods, the expression of survivin and PCNA were evaluated in 31 hepatocellular carcinoma, 8 cirrhosis of liver and 4 normal livers tissues.Results No expression of survivin were detected in normal livers and cirrhosis of liver. In contrast, survivin protein was expressed in 19 of 31 patients with HCC(61.3%). When compared with normal livers and cirrhosis of liver, hepatocellular carcinoma had significantly more frequencies of survivin expression(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).MethodsThis retrospective study used data from Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine during November 2012 to December 2013. A total of 111 small thyroid nodules (75 PTMC/36 benign nodules) with 107 HT cases which were pathologically conifrmed were included in this study. The sonographic characteristics of nodules were investigated, including nodule aspect ratio, shape, border, margin, acoustic halo, internal structure, echo level, microcalciifcations, rear acoustic attenuation, vascular pattern and extent of the blood supply and the types of thyroid tissue echogenicity. Chi-square test and Fisher′s exact probability method was used to compare the differences of the sonographic characteristics between the benign nodules and malignant nodules. With surgical pathology as the gold standard, computing the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of PTMC with HT, including the sensitivity, speciifcity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.ResultsA total of 111 thyroid tiny nodules (75 PTMC/36 benign nodules) with 107 HT cases which were pathologically conifrmed were included in this study. The results showed 111 small thyroid nodules as solid hypoechoic. Four indexes between PTMC and benign nodules had statistical signiifcance, such as margin, microcalciifcations, vascular pattern and extent of the blood supply. The other six indexes between PTMC and benign nodules had no statistical significance, such as aspect ratio, shape, border, acoustic halo, rear acoustic attenuation and the types of thyroid tissue echogenicity. Ultrasound diagnostic accuracy of small tyroid nodules in patients with HT was 74.77% (83/111). The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the ultrasound diagnosis of PTMC were 93.33% (70/75), 36.11% (13/36), 74.77% (83/111), 75.27% (70/93), and 72.22% (13/18), respectively.ConclusionsCompared with general population, some classic ultrasound features became less effective in patients with HT. However, ultrasonography has some differential diagnostic value in these cases.

Objective · To study the electrophysiological effect of (S)-OTS·HCl on the heart. Methods · The conventional intracellular recording, electrocardiograph (ECG) and Langendorff cardiac perfusion technique were employed to investigate the effect of (S)-OTS·HCl on in-vivo and in-vitro hearts of guinea pigs and rabbits. Results · (S)-OTS·HCl could bind to M2 muscarinic receptors and dose-dependently prolong the RR intervals significantly in vivo. It had no effect on resting potential (RP), action potential amplitude (APA), and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 (Vmax) of ventricular myocytes. Instead, 1×10-5 mol/L (S)-OTS·HCl could shorten the action potential duration at 50 percent repolarization (APD50) and APD90 to 91.6% and 90.9%, respectively. And the spontaneous depolarization rate of phase 4 (SDR) of sinus nodes was reduced to its 13.7% when rabbit sinus nodes were exposed to 1×10-7 mol/L (S)-OTS·HCl. (S)-OTS·HCl could inhibit Ca2+channel effectively. It decreased APA and Vmax of sinus nodes and attenuated the cardiac contractility in vitro. Conclusion · (S)-OTS·HCl is a potent cholinergic agonist and has negative chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects on hearts via binding to M2 muscarinic receptors.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the CD4+regulatory T cells in the patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA).Methods The CIM+T cells from IADA patients were isolated with anti-CD4-dynal magnetic beads.The expression of Foxp3 mRNA,along with peroxisome proliferators activator receptors gamma(PPARγ)mRNA and TGF-131 mRNA was determined.The effect of rosiglitazone on CD4+T cells was measured,after treated with rosiglitazone for 48 h.Cell viability was assessed by Mtit assay.The proliferation was assayed with 3 H-TdR.Two-color staining(anti-CD4,anti-CD25)flow cytometric analysis was employed to measure the percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells of Deriph eral blood.Resuits PPARγmRNA was expressed in peripheral CD4+T lymphocytes.RosiglitazoBe inhibited phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-induced human CD4+T cell proliferation in dose dependence.The percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells showed no significant change after the peripheral blood culture with 1 μmol/Land 10μmot/L rosiglitazone.10 μmol/L of rosiglitazone induced Foxp3 mRNA expression in vitro (3.27fold,P<0.05),whereas TGF-β1 mRNA expression did not change.Furthermore,only 1 μmol/L of rosiglitazone could promote Foxp3 mRNA expression if adding IL-2(10 U/m1)in cultures(3.48 fold.P

Objective To observe the morphology of embryonic stem cell-derived neurons after transplanted into A?-injured rat hippocampus. Methods Neural precursor cells (NPCs) were generated from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) expressing EGFP with modified serum-free methods and then transplanted into the hippocampus of A?1-40-injuried rats. The morphology, neurotransmitter phenotypes and receptors of EGFP-positive donor cells were observed with immunofluorescene methods. Results The engrafted NPCs survived and differentiated into glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons and expressed both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter receptors. Synaptophysin-positive dots were found surrounding somata and dendrites of transplanted neurons, suggesting the presence of presynaptic terminals adjacent to their membranes. Conclusion NPCs derived from ESCs can differentiate into excitatory and inhibitory neurons after grafted into Alzheimer's disease model rats, and maybe form synapse with the host neurons.

To train medical students' clinical thinking ability is an important aspect of clinical probation practice and also the common goal of dermartology probation training. This article analyzes the problems around the cultivation of clinical thinking ability during probation practice in our department,and proposes the corresponded measures to improve it.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:Toinvestigatetheeffectsofmechanicalstretchontransientoutwardpotassiumcurrent(Ito), inward rectifier potassium current ( IK1 ) and action potential duration ( APD) of cultured neonatal rat atrial myocytes . METHODS:Neonatal rat atrial myocytes were isolated and cultured on silicone sheeting with or without stretch for 24 h. The silicone membrane area was increased by 12%in stretched group.The cells without stretch served as control .Ito, IK1 and APD were recorded by the technique of whole-cell patch clamp.RESULTS:Compared with control group, Ito density in stretched myocytes was significantly reduced [(1.6 ±0.4) pA/pF vs (12.1 ±2.9) pA/pF, P<0.01], whereas IK1 density was increased [(-10.8 ±0.8) pA/pF vs (-8.8 ±0.9) pA/pF, P<0.01].The APDs at 50%and 90%levels of repolarization ( APD50 and APD90 ) in the stretched cells were obviously decreased than those in non-stretched cells [(10.5 ±1.4) ms vs (15.5 ±2.4) ms, (30.0 ±2.8) ms vs (56.3 ±3.6) ms, P<0.01].CONCLUSION: Stretch stimulation leads to the reduction of Ito density, the increase in IK1 density and the shortness of APD in cultured rat atrial neonatal myocytes , which may contribute to atrial electrical remodeling induced by pressure overload .

Objective To investigate the correlation between aberrant methylation status of ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) , transcriptional levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and hepatitis B virus ( HBV) infection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC). Methods HCC samples in 61 cases were collected. Aberrant methylation status of RASSF1A was detected using methylation specific PCR (MSP). Transcriptional levels of DNMT1, DNMT3 A and DNMT3B was measured using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR(RT-PCR). Results RASSF1A gene with abnormal methylation in initiation zone was found in 45 cases with HCC among 61 patients (73.8%). Further analysis revealed RASSF1A methylated in 32 of 47 HBV infected cases and in 13 of 14 uninfected cases. However, there was no significant association between methylation status of RASSF1A and HBV infection (x2 =2.260, P = 0. 133). Compared with normal control, DNMTs was up-regulated in all HCC samples, HCC cell lines and HBV infected group. Analysis within each group indicated that DNMT3A and DNMT3B levels of HCC increased in MSP positive cases ( t = 3. 494, P

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection(SSI)in neurosurgical patients in a tertiary first-class hospital,and provide reference for the prevention and control of SSI.Methods 47 neurological patients with SSI (49 patients developed SSI,2 were excluded from study due to the lack of appropriate control subject)from December 31 ,2011 to December 31 ,2012 were as infected group,and 94 patients without SSI (1 ∶2 matching)were as non-infected group,risk factors for SSI were analyzed retrospectively.Results There was no significant difference in general condition of two groups of patients (all P >0.05 );among 3 708 patients,49 (1 .32%)developed SSI;intracranial infection was the main type of SSI (89.80%);27 patients were performed ce-rebrospinal fluid (CSF)bacteriological detection,6 (22.22%)of whom were positive for CSF bacteriological detec-tion.Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for SSI in neurosurgical patients were operational risk assessment score (OR =2.04),frequency of preoperative antimicrobial use(OR =3.15 ),fre-quency of intraoperative antimicrobial use(OR=2.58),duration of operation(OR=2.70),surgical blood loss(OR=1 .72),indwelling drainage tube(OR=4.30),duration of indwelling drainage tube after operation(OR=2.06),and time for initial dressing change(OR=1 .66);Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the in-dependent risk factors for SSI were frequency of preoperative antimicrobial use(P =0.03,OR =4.86),duration of operation(P =0.05,OR = 2.89 ),and time for initial dressing change after operation (P = 0.01 ,OR = 1 .92 ). Conclusion Risk factors for SSI in department of neurosurgery are multiple,duration of operation,duration of in-dwelling drainage tube after operation,and time for initial dressing change after operation are major risk factors.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of the serum brain?derived neurotrophic factor( BDNF) level in severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods One hundred and twenty term and birth weight>2500 g infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Bethune nternational Peace Hospital of People Liberation Army were divided into severe hyperbilirubinemia group and control group according to their total bilirubin concentration. Total bilirubin( TBIL) concentration,BDNF and albumin in serum were determined in two groups. In addition, craniocerebral MRI was performed in severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia before discharge. The correlation of the BDNF, TBIL, B/A, MRI results between severe hyperbilirubinemia group and control group were compared. Results The serum BDNF levels in severe hyperbilirubinemia group was ( 8. 84 ±3. 26) μg/L,significantly higher than that in control group((6. 24±1. 71) μg/L,t=3. 88,P<0. 05). In severe hyperbilirubinemia group,BDNF level was positively correlated with B/A level(r=0. 429,P<0. 05),but there was no correlation between BDNF and total bilirubin level(r=0. 278,P>0. 05). The serum BDNF level with craniocerebral MRI abnormal was ( 9. 53 ± 2. 77 ) μg/L, higher than that with craniocerebral MRI abnormal ((7. 81±3. 76) μg/L),but there was no statistical difference between them(t=1. 439,P>0. 05). Conclusion In severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, the body can secrete BDNF increasely. BDNF level is positivelycorrelated with B/ A level. As a marker of brain damage,BDNF is sensitive than craniocerebral MRI.