Objective:To observe apical sealing ability of two kinds of nanomaterial. Methods:40 straight human maxillary anterior teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 8 samples each and two control groups of 4 samples each. The root canals were prepared using step-back technique and obturated with gutta-percha and one of the sealers by the lateral condensation technique. Group 1: Filled with zinc oxide-eugenol sealer and gutta-percha (ZOE); group 2: Filled with hydroxyapatite sealer and gutta-percha (HA); group 3: Filled with nano-zinc-oxide sealer and gutta-percha (NZO); group 4: Filled with nanohydroxyapatite sealer and gutta-percha (NHA). The teeth were placed into microleakage model. Glucose leakage from the coronal to apical was measured by the concentration of glucose in apical reservoir at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days with GOD (glucose oxidase ) method. The apical sealing ability of the materials were assessed according to the concentration of glucose leakage. Results:The glucose leakage of four kinds of materials differed significantly (P

Objective To explore the clinical effect of renal artery embolization for renal graft dysfunction.Methods A total of 17 patients with renal graft dysfunction were treated by embolizing the renal graft artery.Coil embolization was performed on 7 of the cases,and gelfoam combined with coil was used in the other 10.Results Among the 17 patients,14 discontinued immunosuppressant in 3 weeks after the embolization,and 2 discontinued after receiving low-dose cortisones for about 6 months,and showed good recovery during follow-up.The other patient underwent resection of the renal graft because of continuous fever and graft pain.After the embolization,14 cases developed 'post-embolization syndrome'.Coil migration occurred in 1 case during the procedure.One patient experienced angina during the operation,and developed myocardial infraction the day after the embolization.Conclusions Renal artery embolization is safe and effective for patients with renal graft dysfunction.By using the method,open surgery can be avoided.Attention should be paid to potential complications.

BACKGROUND:Electrospinning preparation for the tissue engineering scaffold materials is an extremely promising technology.
OBJECTIVE:To review the progress of electrospinning technology in different fields and its main problems in the current application.
METHODS:We searched Medline and CNKI databases for articles published from 2000 to 2013 using the keywords of“electrospinning, tissue engineering”in English and Chinese.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The structure of non-woven cloth materials made by this technology is similar to the extracel ular matrix, which has high surface area and control able mechanical properties. Electrospinning materials have been widely applied in the tissue engineering field, especial y in the biodegradable materials and high biocompatibility molecular polymer synthesis process. Electrospinning has been developed rapidly in tissue engineering applications, especial y in the choice of materials or electrospinning technique combined with different technologies. Different morphological structures and properties of the materials can be wel combined by using electrospinning technology. A series of new polymers were successful y incorporated into a tissue engineering scaffold as the matrix for cel proliferation and regeneration, but there are some important issues to be solved, including how to control the interaction between the scaffold and the biological system that is to achieve the infiltrative growth of cel s, how to control the pore size, mechanical properties and toxicity. This technology clinical y applied in biomedicine stil requires further research, especial y in vivo studies.

BACKGROUND: Ribavirin is easily diluted by lacrimal fluid and has low bioavailability. In situ ophthalmic gel changes from liquid drug to gel phase upon exposure to physiological conditions, resulting in an increase in the precorneal residence time of drugs. OBJECTIVE: To prepare ribavirin in situ ophthalmic gel and valuate its theological feature. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: In vitro controlled observation, performed at the Engineering Research Center of Modem Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September and October 2006. MATERIALS: Sodium alginate, Carbopol, and ribavirin. METHODS: Sodium alginate (1% and 2%) and Carbopol (0.3%, 0.6%, and 2%) were combined at different proportions to prepare in sire ophthalmic gel, then in which ribavirin was added. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Viscosity determinations of prepared different concentrations of formulations were determined using a cone and plate viscometer. RESULTS: Ribavirin in situ ophthalmic gel prepared with 1% sodium alginate and 0.6% Carbopol had the largest viscosity. The viscosity change was not influenced by the addition of ribavirin. The in situ ophthalmic gel prepared with sodium alginate and Carbopol changed to the gel phase upon exposure to lacrimal fluid. CONCLUSION: 1% sodium alginate and 0.6% Carbopol produced the best rheological feature and could prolonge the precorneal residence time of drug than that of conventional ophthalmic solution.

Objective To analyze complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and preventions.Methods Clinical data and treatment outcomes of 72 consecutive patients ( 80 stents ) from July 2006 to January 2012 with carotid stenosis were analyzed.Asprin 100 mg and clopedigrel 75 mg were given orally 5 days before CAS.Distal embolic protection device were implanted in all patients,pre-dilatation was done for those with carotid stenosis ＞ 90％ and post-dilatation was done for those of residual stenesis ＞ 30％.Severe complications of CAS mean death,myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke.Other minom included transient ischemic attack ( TIA ),hyperperfusion and intracranial hemorrhage ( ICH ),bradycardia and/or hypotension,hypertension,access hematoma or bleeding.Results In 72 patients a total of 80 self-expandable bare stents were successfully implanted.Distal embolic protection devices were used in all cases.Combined procedure was taken in 5 cases including OPCABG in 2 cases,left subclavain artery stenting in 2 cases and renal artery stenting in 1 case.The overall in-hospital complications was 37.5％ (27 of 72).Of these events,1 case had minor strokes defined as a modified Rankin Scale score less than 3 at 1-year follow-up,2 patients (2.78％ ) experienced a hemispheric TIA (neurological symptoms that resolved within 24 hours),1 patient experienced hyperperfusion syndrome.The overall mortality rate was 0,21 cases (29.2％ ) experienced hemodynamic instability (hypotension in 15 cases,bradycardia in 5 cases and hypertension in 1 case) and 2 others had access hematoms.The 30-day death/stroke/myocardial infarction risk was 1.39％ (1 minor stroke).Conclusions Hemedynamic instability (hypotension and bredycardia) is main complications of carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis,severe complications are rare.

Objective To evaluate selective retention of the great saphenous vein (GSV) belowknee in the prevention of saphenous nerve injury during varicose veins surgery.Methods From January 2009 to January 2012,280 consecutive patients with incompetence of the GSV resulting in varicose veins were prospectively randomized into 2 groups.Patients in the experimental group underwent stripping restricted to the below knee level,patients in control group underwent GSV stripping to the ankle level Patients in the two groups were treated with transilluminated powered phlebectomy,and foam sclerotherapy.Primary end points were postoperative pain,saphenous nerve injury,quality of life and recurrence rate.Results After one month follow-up:5.71％ patients had symptoms of nervous system in the observation group,14.29％ patients had symptoms of nervous system in the control group (P =0.02).After 1 year follow-up,1.47％ patients had symptoms of nervous system in the observation group,7.14％ patients had symptoms of nervous system in the control group (P =0.02).Conclusions Selective retention of great saphenous vein below-knee decreases saphenous nerve injury.

Objective To explore the changes of cardiac structure and funetion in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Thirty T2DM patients were included in the study,color Doppler echocardiography was performed in all of the cases,to compare and analyze the results of cardiac structure and function.Results IVS,LVPW,LAD,LVM of T2DM group were significantly larger than those in healthy group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).T2DM group of LVEF and E/A ratio were significantly lower than those of normal group(P＜0.05).BMI,FBG,TG were positive correlation with IVS,LVPW,LVM and negative correlation with LVEF,E/A.Conclusion The patients of T2DM can lead to change of cardiac structure and function which dependent with BMI and glucose degree.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the change of phosphorylation of tau protein and expression of cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX-2) in colon submucosal neurons of enteric nerve system in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) rats induced by tri-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS).METHODS:Male rats (n=30) were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=10 each):control group, IBD group and TNBS group.The IBD rats were induced by TNBS+ethanol enema for 14 d.The control and TNBS rats were given an equal volume of saline and TNBS, respectively.The general situation and the histopathologic change of the rat colon were observed.Immunofluorescence was used to check the change of phosphalated tau protein and COX-2 expression in the submucosal neurons of the colon.The expression of COX-2 and phosphorylated tau231 and tau262 in the rat colon submucosal neurons was observed by double immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:Compared with con-trol group, the number of neurons in the colon of IBD rats decreased obviously and the expression of phospholated tau231 and tau262 was significantly increased.The number of neurons in the colon of TNBS rats showed no significant difference compared with control rats.The rat neurons in control group and TNBS group did not express COX-2.COX-2 expression was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of colonic neurons in IBD rats, which showed significantly different from control and TNBS rats.CONCLUSION:The decreased neurons in the enteric nerve system of IBD rats might be associated with the phosphorylation of tau protein and the expression of inducible COX-2.

To extract praeruptorin A from Radix Peucedani by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)-CO2.

Sufficient embryos are needed for the preservation of Beagle dogs germplasm resources and the prepara-tion of gene?modified human disease animal models. Up to now, the induced ovulation technique has no effect on dogs,it is hard to obtain mature oocytes in vivo, although the scientists try a lot in many aspects, but still could not make a break?through. The in vitro maturation rate is too low to support the preservation of germplasm resources, application in gene?modified disease models and biomedical research. Aiming to provide useful information on breakthrough in dog oocytes mat?uration, this review will summarize the effect of different age and reproductive stage,different morphology and size of the oo?cytes and lipid droplet on the in vitro maturation of dog oocytes.