Objective To study a rapid method for determination of trace formaldehyde in drinking water by oscilloscopic polarography.Methods In the base solution of0.01mol/L H 3 PO 4 ,the reaction product of formaldehyde and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride on the drop mercury electrode revealed a sensitive second order derivative polarographic wave at a pick electric potential-0.76V(VS?SCE).The optimum conditions and interference by other coexisting ions were analyzed.Results The de-tection limit,linear range,recovery rate,relative standard deviation(RSD)of the method were0.002mg /L,0.005-0.25mg /L,94.0%-103.0%,and0.05).Conclusion The method was simple,rapid,sensitive and highly specific.The analytical speed was about 50-60samples /h,which was suitable for the determination of trace formaldehyde in drinking water.

Objective To explore the changes of cardiac structure and funetion in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Thirty T2DM patients were included in the study,color Doppler echocardiography was performed in all of the cases,to compare and analyze the results of cardiac structure and function.Results IVS,LVPW,LAD,LVM of T2DM group were significantly larger than those in healthy group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).T2DM group of LVEF and E/A ratio were significantly lower than those of normal group(P＜0.05).BMI,FBG,TG were positive correlation with IVS,LVPW,LVM and negative correlation with LVEF,E/A.Conclusion The patients of T2DM can lead to change of cardiac structure and function which dependent with BMI and glucose degree.

Objective To determine whether urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipecalin (uNGAL) and urinary intedeukin-18 (uIL-18) are early markers of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Methods Ninety-two critically ill patients were studied for one week after their enrollment into our hospital. During the study, 46 patients who met the RIFLE criteria were selected as AKI group and the remaining 46 patients without AKI taken as a control group. The two groups were matched for age, gender and illness severity. Urine samples were collected daily for one week. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of uNGAL, uIL-18 and serum creatininc (SCr). Results As compared with the levels obtained 3 days before the diagnosis of AKI, the uNGAL levels in the AKI group increased significantly (P <0. 05), while uIL-18 and SCr levels did not change 2 days prior to the diagnosis of A KI (all P > 0. 05). uNGAL and uIL-18 levels increased significantly (all P < 0. 05), while SCr levels did not change 1 day prior to the diagnosis of AKI in the AKI group (P > 0. 05). The levels of uNGAL, uIL-18 and SCr did not change significantly in the control group during the study period (all P > 0. 05). Three days before the diagnosis of AKI, concentrations of uNGAL, uIL-18 and SCr were not the predictive of AKI. Two days before the diagnosis of AKI, the area under the curve (AUC) of uNGAL was 0. 840 (95% CI 0. 672-1. 009, P < 0. 05), which indicated that uNGAL was the predictive of AKI while uIL-18 and SCr were not. One day before the diagnosis of AKI, the AUC of uNGAL and ulL-18 were 0. 830 (95 % CI 0. 711-0. 950, P < 0. 05) and 0. 818 (95 % CI 0. 697-0. 938, P < 0. 05), indicating that uNGAL and uIL-18 were the predictive of AKI while SCr was not. Conclusion uNGAL and uIL-18 may be the early predictive markers of AKI in critically ill patients.

Aim To study the effect of adiponectin ( APN) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion( IR) injury in diabetic rats and to explore the role of oxidation-an-tioxidation system. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group( NS) , IR group ( NIR ) , diabetes group ( DS ) , DS + IR group (DIR), DS +APN +IR group(APN). Experimental diabetes was induced in the animals by a single intrap-eritoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg ·kg-1 . The IR and NIR group were subjected to myo-cardial I/R injury. APN group was administered APN through intravenous injection 10 min before the reper-fusion, the others were administered normal saline. The rats were considered diabetic and used for the study only if their glucose levels were higher than 15 mmol·L-1. Results All the diabetic rats exhibited increased levels of blood glucose and reduction of body weight ( P <0. 05 ) . Compared with those of NS and DS groups, the myocardial infarct size, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, MDA concentration and ROS in NIR and DIR groups were remarkably increased, activities of SOD and NO were decreased(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). APN decreased oxidative stress product generation and myocardial apoptosis induced by diabetic myocardial I/R injury ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion APN exerts pro-tective effect on myocardial I/R injury in diabetic rats through anti-oxidative mechanism.

Objective To determine the renal function compromised in patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with left ventricular aneurysms (LVA) by measurement of serum cystatin C (Cy-C) concentrations and Cy-C-based eGFR.Methods A total of 355 patients admitted from January 2011 to December 2012 could be categorized into group A (STEMI without LVA,n =183) and group B (STEMI with LVA,n =172) confirmed by echocardiography in 24 hour after admission.Of them,273 patients were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after admission and included in the analysis.Cy-C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine (Cr)-based eGFR were calculated for evaluating cardiac function in tern to assess the magnitude of compromised renal function.The correlation between magnitude of compromised renal function and in-hospital mortality was analyzed.Distributions of categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test.Continuous variables were compared by one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni test.Results The in-hospital mortality rate of whole patient cohort was 14.0％.Mortality in the group B was 18.6％ and in the group A was 9.8％ (P ＜ 0.01).With multivariable regression analysis,the compromised renal function was found when the Cr-based eGFR was ＜60 mL/ (min · 1.73 m2) or Cy-C-based eGFR was ＜ 60 mL/min/1.73m2 which were independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 0.13,95％ CI 0.02-0.7,P =0.02 ; OR 0.01,95％CI 0.003-0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the acute myocardium infarction (AMI) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2,the Cy-C based eGFR was greater in the AMI patients with LVA group (P ＜ 0.05),and compared with AMI with CKD stages 3 or CKD 3-5,this difference was also significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Renal dysfunction was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI,especially in patients with LVA.Cy-C and Cy-C based eGFR were more sensitive to judge renal dysfunction in STEMI patients with LVA.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different types of carbomers on percutaneous permeability of oxaprozin gels in vitro and to opitmize the formulation of oxaprozin gel. METHODS: The permeability test in vitro was carried out by using Franz diffusion cell with rats' ex vivo skin as barrier. RESULTS: The ex vivo permeability of oxaprozin gel was the best when the carbomer 940 used as its base material with its ex vivo permeability coefficient at 22.77?g/ (cm2?h) . CONCLUSION : The optimized gel base material can act as bases for the production of oxaprozin gel.

BACKGROUND:At present,autogenous periosteum and artificial dura mater are usually applied as the substitute grafts for the dural defect by neurological surgery.However they do not accord with the developing trend of modern medicine,due to the limitations of material size and shape,operational complex and additional wound.OBJECTIVE:To observe and compare the evolution of a new type bio-artificial dura and autogenous periosteum in replacing orthotopic duraDESIGN:Controlled observation and trial.SETTING:Animal Testing Center in the 157 Hospital of Guangzhou City.MATERIALS:Nine New Zealand rabbits.aged 6 months and weighed 2-3 kg,either gender was selected.Twelve hybrid healthy dogs of both genders,aged 2 years and weighed 15-20 kg.New type dura mater(No.2006.3460627).METHODS:The experiment was carried out at the Animal Testing Center in the 157 Hospital of Guangzhou City from October 2003 to October 2005.After the general anesthesia and bilateral craniotomy,the bilateral dural defect and pia mater injury were induced partly,then dural neoplasty was performed using new type artificial dura and autogenous periosteum.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At months 1,6,12 of modeling,each three rabbits were selected to isolate and expose the implanted materials,while each four dogs were selected at months 6,12,24 of modeling,died of disease or prior to death.General observation and microscopic assessment of samples were compared to analyze the development of implanted materials at difference stages.RESULTS:Except one experimental dog died during the anesthesia,9 rabbits and 11 dogs were involved in the final presented the extemal surface of adherence and separation with pedcranium,grew well with surrounding orthotopic dura.For the internal surface of materials,the new type artificial dura was more likely the orthotopic dura and did no adhere to pericranium, and filament-shaped adherence appeared occasionally, while there were filament-shaped even month 12 of grafting new type artificial dura into the experimental rabbits.inflammatory cellular reactions such as neutrophil and lymphocyte were not found,additionally no capsule wall formation occurred.The internal surface of artificial dura was covered with epithelial cells,which appeared fibroplasia,fibroblast proliferation,degradation of implants and obvious reduction of total cell amount.Moreover the blood capillary was also found.CONCLUSION:New type artificial dura can achieve the dural reconstruction through producing epithelial cells and being nibbled.degraded and substituted by autogenous tissue.And no adherence to cerebral tissues is found.New type artificial dura is superior to autogenous periosteum for repairing the dural defects.

Objective To investigate the effects of acarbose versus fenofibrate on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods Eighty subjects were allocated to acarbose group (28 cases),fenofibrate group (30 cases),and control group (22 cases) without intervention for 3 months,and also divided into elderly (46 cases) and younger groups (34 cases). Fasting blood samples were collected for measuring fasting plasma glucose and lipid.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were carried out with measurement of plasma insulin and glucose before ad after treatment.Early insulin secretion indexes(△I30/△G30),insulin secretion indexes (HOMA -β) and insulin resistance indexes (HOMA-IR)were calculated. Results After 3-months of treatment,the lipid profile was evidently improved in fenofibrate group. Levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly reduced ( both P ＜ 0.01 ),△I30/△G30 was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and HOMA-IR was decreased (P＜＜0.01).In acarbose group,levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2hours postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG) and HOMA-IR were reduced (all P＜0.01),△I30/△G30 and HOMA-β were enhanced (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).No change of above indicators was found in the control group.Compared with fenofibrate group,acarbose group had higher △ I30/△G30 (P＜ 0.05),HOMA-β (P＜ 0.01 ) and lower HOMA-IR ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The improvement of △△I30/△G30 was correlated with the decreasing of plasma FPG,2 hPG and TG(r=0.5812,0.6327,0.3872,P＜0.01),while HOMA-1R was related with the decreasing of plasma 2 hPG,TG and TC(r=0.8126,0.4671,0.2895,P＜ 0.01). HOMA-IR,△I30/△G30 and HOMA-β were lower (P＜0.01) and acarbose improved insulin resistance better (P＜0.05) in the elderly than in the younger with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Pancreatic β-cell function declines gradually with aging,acarbose may have advantage over fenofibrate in improving early insulin secretion and resistance which was more relieved by diminishing glucotoxity in comparison with lipotoxity.

Objective To investigate the effects of prescription of nourishing blood and stretching of stoke (PNBSS) on the levels of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1αin serum of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease (AICD);To discuss its action mechanism in AICD treatment. Methods Ninety patients with AICD were randomly divided into trial group and control group, 45 cases in each group. The control group received western routine treatment, while the trail group received the western routine treatment plus PNBSS, one dose per day, for one week. Rating scale of neurologic deficit was employed to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Venous blood was collected before the treatment and on the 3rd and 7th days of treatment. Levels of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1αin serum were detected respectively. Results The score of neurologic deficit of post-treatment in two groups apparently decreased compared with baseline (P<0.01), and score of neurologic deficit in trial group on 7th day was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in trial group was 93.3%, which was apparently higher than that of control group (84.4%). The level of TXB2 in serum and ratio of TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α (T/P) in two groups on 3rd and 7th days remarkably decreased compared with baseline (P<0.01), while the level of 6-Keto-PGF1α in two groups on 3rd and 7th days was higher than that of baseline (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the level of TXB2 and ratio of T/P in two groups on 7th day were apparently lower than that of 3rd day (P<0.01), and the level of 6-Keto-PGF1αon 7th day was higher than that of 3rd day (P<0.01). The level of TXB2 in serum and ratio of T/P on 3rd and 7th days in trial group were apparently lower than that of control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the level of 6-Keto-PGF1α on 3rd and 7th days in trial group was apparently higher than that of control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion One of the mechanisms of PNBSS for AICD appears to inhibit overavtivity of thrombocyte, and regulate the misadjustment of ratio of T/P.