With the increasing life expectancy and lifestyle changes of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the significance of comorbidities of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in disease progression and health prognosis of CHB patients is gaining prominence. This study aims to explore the association between CHB and NCDs comorbidities, focusing on the impact of common metabolism-related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes, on the health outcomes of CHB patients. We also summarize studies on integrating the management of comorbidities in CHB patients and provide relevant recommendations for effective management. The findings of this study serve as a foundation for understanding the clinical characteristics and prevalence trends, reducing the disease burden of comorbidities among CHB patients, and establishing a comprehensive and coordinated management system for comorbidities.

Objective To study the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on brain tissue tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-o),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 levels in serum and brain tissues after blast brain injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=6),traumatic brain injury (TBI) group (n=10),TBI+VNS group (n=8).Rabbit brain blast injury models of TBI group and TBI+VNS group were established; and the right cervical vagus nerves of the rabbits in TBI+VNS group were stimulated (10 V,5 HZ,5 ms,20 min).The TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10 changes in the serum (6 h after injury) and brain tissues (24 h after injury) and the water content in the injured brain tissues were observed and recorded.Results The TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the serum and brain tissues,the water content in the brain tissues of the TBI group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group and TBI+VNS group (P＜0.05); the IL-10 level in the TBI+VNS group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operated group and TBI group (P＜0.05).Conclusion VNS can reduce the brain edema degree by increasing the IL-10 level and decreasing the TNF-α and IL-1 β levels,which plays a key role in brain protection effect after brain blast injury in rabbits.