Objective:To study the significance of microalbuminuria in the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy.Methods:24 hour urine ? 1-microglobulin(? 1-MG),urine immunoglobulin G(IgG),urine microalbumin (MA) and urine transferrin(TRF) in 65 diabetic patients and 50 normals were detected by rate immunonephelometery method.Results: The urine MA in 65 diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in 50 healthy persons ( P

This article disusses several ethical problems between patients and doctors from patients' entering into the hospital to the whole course of diagnosis and treat,meanwhile it brings forward some elementary countermeasures.In order to promote the development of orthopedical surgeons and orthopedics,it makes everybody familiar with ethical problems during the diagnosis and treat of orthopedical diseases

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes vision loss mainly due to apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium cells and subsequent degeneration of photoreceptors.Active and passive smoking can increase the incidence of AMD and the progression risk of advanced AMD, and affect the treatment effect of wet AMD.Smoking can cause choroidal vasoconstriction, increased vascular resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, thinned choroid and ganglion cell complexes, resulting in impaired vascular reactivity of choroid and retinal vessels.Nicotine in cigarettes can lead to the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which increases the permeability of vessel and proliferation of endothelial cells, thus induces the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Smoking can induce oxidative stress leading to oxidative damage, reduce the expression of complement factor H, increase the membrane attack complex, lead to macrophage dysfunction, promote the formation of drusen, and induce the formation of CNV.Therefore, a full and deep understanding of the relationship between smoking and CNV and AMD in controlling the occurrence of AMD and preventing the formation of CNV is of great significance for the early prevention of AMD and the exploration of more effective treatment approaches.

Objective To research diagnosis and treatment of different state of cervical carcinoma. Methods To sum up clinical experience of pathogeny, diagnosis and treatment from 107 patients with diferent state of cervical carcinoma. Observe the 5 year survival rate from thease patients. Results Aim at the inducement of cervical carcinoma that to develop the general examination of gynecology disease can find out,treat and prevent the high dangerous patients early. And it can decrease the occurrence and improve the therapeutic efficacy of cervical carcinoma. The stagement of cervical carcinoma will effect the 5 year survival ratdirectly. Choose correct therapeutic method will improve the rate. Conclusion Find out cervical carcinoma early is impotent to improve the therapeutic efficacy and the 5 year survival rate. We should develop the general examination of gynecology disease and health education widely to ensure the health of immense women's body and mind.

Objective To evaluate the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the subaxial cervical spine injury classification system (SLIC) and identify its guidance on clinical treatment of spinal cord injuries. Methods Thirty consecutive patients with subaxial cervical injury ad-mitted into our hospital between December 2007 and July 2008 were enrolled in this study and underwent neurological examinations followed by X-ray, CT, and MRI examinations. SLIC was evaluated in aspects of fracture morphology, disco-ligamentous complex (DLC) status and ncurologic status. According to the morphology in image, the fractures were classified into normal, compression, burst, distraction and trans-lation/rotation. According to injury severity, DLC was sorted into intact, indeterminate and disrupted types. Neurologic status was classified into intact, nerve root injury, complete/incomplete spinal cord in-jury and continuous spinal cord compression. The clinical and radiographic data of 30 patients with subax-ial cervical injury were evaluated prospectively by four groups of surgeons to count SLIC scores and decide treatment based on SLIC scores. The evaluation was done again three months later. Cohen' s unweighted kappa coefficients were calculated for the key parameters of each classification system ( morphology, neurologic status, DLCstatus, total score, and proposed management) to analyze the reliability and repreducibility of SLIC. Based on SLIC, the treatment method was selected and the neurological function recovery and the complications observed. Results The interrater Kappa statistics of all subgroups ( morphology, DLCstatus, total score, proposed management) were within the range of moderate to substantial reliability (0.47-0.69). Kappa coefficient was 0.83 for neurologic status, with high reliability. There was no statistical difference upon Kappa values in two evaluations. The interrater Kappa statistics of all sub-groups ( morphology, DLCstatus, total score, proposed management) were within the range of moderate to substantial reproducibility (0.53-0.78). Kappa coefficient was 0.89 for neurologic stares, with high repreducibility. The recovery rate of neuroiogie function was 79.2%. There was no aggravation of neurological status, with low incidence of complications. Conclusions SLIC has advantages of high reliability and reproducibility, simple use, exact evaluation and can facilitate decision-making in treatment of subaxial cervical spine injures.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenmai injection on congestive heart failure(CHF) and the effect on thyroid hormone as well as medicine security. Methods 52 patieits with CHF were enrolled,Shenmai injection was used with regular western medicine in the treatment. And observed its effect and test serum thyroid hormone: TSH,T3 ,T4 ,rT3. Another 50 CHF patients were enrolled as a control. Results The results of observation were that 25 cases were very effective,23 were effective,4 had no effect and the total effective rate was 92%. The results of control group were that 21 were very effective, 16 were effective, 13 had no effect and the total effective rate was 74%. The differences between the two groups were significant (P > 0.05). By comparing two thyroid hormone T3, T4, rT3, the observation T3 and T4 was obviously higher than the control. rT3 was lower than the control. Conclusion Shenmai injection could efficiently improve the heart function of CHF,cure arrhythmin and correct the illness caused by thyroid hormone.

Objective To investigate the significance of the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after kidney transplantation. Methods The serum CMV antibody(anti CMV) and CMV DAN of 72 recipients before and after transplantation were detected respectively by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Results The levels of serum CMV antibody and CMV DNA of 72 recipients after transplantation were significantly higher than those of pre operation( P

Objective To investigate water treatment technology and pollution status of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in resource water and finished water of the centralized water supply enterprises in Shenzhen,and to provide scientific basis for waterborn infectious disease control.Methods Field hygiene assessment were conducted on the resource water and water treatment technology of 19 water supply enterprises during May to July,2008.One water sample was collected from resource water and finished water in each centralized water supply enterprise respectively,and was detected for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum.Results The routine traditional water treatment technology including coagulation deposition,quartz sand filtration and chlorine disinfection was applied in all of the 19 centralized water supply enterprises.Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum were not found in samples from the source water and finished water.Conclusion The centralized water supply system in Shenzhen isn't polluted by Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum.

[Abstract ] Objective To understand the infection status of hepatitis B among population of health examination in Chongqing ,and to analyze the modes of hepatitis B outcomes .Methods The 30170 cases of serological results of hepatitis B (HB‐sAg① ,HBsAb② ,HBeAg③ ,HBeAb④ and HBcAb⑤ ) among the individuals of health examination in our hospital from June to December 2013 were performed the retrospective analysis .Results The positive rate of HBsAg among the population of health ex‐amination aged 0-96 years old in Chongqing was 8 .02% (2 419/30 170) ,and the differences in the positive rates among different age groups and between different genders had statistical significance (χ2 =188 .045 ,67 .813 ,P<0 .01) .The infection rate of HBV was 28 .64% (8 641/30 170) ,and the difference in the infection rates among different age groups and between different genders also had statistical significance(χ2 =202 .347 ,36 .171 ,P<0 .01) .30 170 cases of hepatitis B detection results of 5 indexes were conclu‐ded into 14 kinds of modes .As the two common modes of healthy population ,all negative and single HBsAb positive ,their percenta‐ges were 25 .76% (7 772/30 170)and 45 .60% (13 757/30 170)respectively .As the common modes of HBV infection ,“① ④ ⑤”posi‐tive ,“① ③ ⑤” positive and“① ⑤” positive ,their percentages were 6 .18% (1 863/30 170) ,0 .59% (177/30 170) and 1 .21% (366/30 170) respectively .Conclusion The positive rate of HBsAg and the infection rate of HBV among population of health examina‐tion in Chongqing are close to or lower than the national average levels .Analyzing the different combination modes can reflect the different situation of HBV infection and has the guidance significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease .

Objective The key points in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) procedure include the downregula-tion of epithelial protein (E cadherin) and the upregulation of cell activity and cell matrix generation .The aim of this study was to es-tablish a method for primary culture and identification of mouse renal tubular epithelial cells and to explore whether the activation of C3aR can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mouse primary renal epithelial cells . Methods Murine renal tubular seg-ments were used for primary cell culture .Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to identify the renal tubular epithelial cells.The experiment groups included control group , five different concentrations of C3aR agonist groups (0.1, 1, 100, 500, and 2000 ng/mL), and three different time-point groups.The mRNA levels of E-cadherin,α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and colla-gen I in renal tubular epithelial cells were detected by Real-time PCR; the protein of E-cadherin, α-SMA were detected by Western blot.The cytoskeleton of epithelial cells was observed by phalloidin staining . Results Compared with the control group , the protein expression of E-cadherin deceased (0.950±0.901 vs 0.650±0.221) and the expression of α-SMA (1.380±0.062 vs 1.600±0.103) and collagen I increased in C3aR agonist group (500 ng/mL, after 48 hours) (P<0.05).In addition, the association between these changes and C3aR agonists was presented in a dose-and time-dependent man-ner, respectively.The cytoskeleton staining showed that treatment of renal tubular epithelial cells with C 3aR agonists induced the formation of actin stress fibers in a time-dependent manner . Conclusion The method for primary culture and identification of mouse renal tubular epithelial cells were successfully established .The activation of C3aR could induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mouse primary renal epithelial cells , which plays an essential role in the de-velopment of renal fibrosis .Moreover , this study indicated that C 3aR may become a new therapeutic target in kidney diseases .