Objective To evaluate the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the subaxial cervical spine injury classification system (SLIC) and identify its guidance on clinical treatment of spinal cord injuries. Methods Thirty consecutive patients with subaxial cervical injury ad-mitted into our hospital between December 2007 and July 2008 were enrolled in this study and underwent neurological examinations followed by X-ray, CT, and MRI examinations. SLIC was evaluated in aspects of fracture morphology, disco-ligamentous complex (DLC) status and ncurologic status. According to the morphology in image, the fractures were classified into normal, compression, burst, distraction and trans-lation/rotation. According to injury severity, DLC was sorted into intact, indeterminate and disrupted types. Neurologic status was classified into intact, nerve root injury, complete/incomplete spinal cord in-jury and continuous spinal cord compression. The clinical and radiographic data of 30 patients with subax-ial cervical injury were evaluated prospectively by four groups of surgeons to count SLIC scores and decide treatment based on SLIC scores. The evaluation was done again three months later. Cohen' s unweighted kappa coefficients were calculated for the key parameters of each classification system ( morphology, neurologic status, DLCstatus, total score, and proposed management) to analyze the reliability and repreducibility of SLIC. Based on SLIC, the treatment method was selected and the neurological function recovery and the complications observed. Results The interrater Kappa statistics of all subgroups ( morphology, DLCstatus, total score, proposed management) were within the range of moderate to substantial reliability (0.47-0.69). Kappa coefficient was 0.83 for neurologic status, with high reliability. There was no statistical difference upon Kappa values in two evaluations. The interrater Kappa statistics of all sub-groups ( morphology, DLCstatus, total score, proposed management) were within the range of moderate to substantial reproducibility (0.53-0.78). Kappa coefficient was 0.89 for neurologic stares, with high repreducibility. The recovery rate of neuroiogie function was 79.2%. There was no aggravation of neurological status, with low incidence of complications. Conclusions SLIC has advantages of high reliability and reproducibility, simple use, exact evaluation and can facilitate decision-making in treatment of subaxial cervical spine injures.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tao Hong Si Wu decoction in treating Diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Tao Hong Si Wu decoction in treatment of DN were searched in PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,CMCC,VIP,CNKI,CBM.Data were strictly extracted using the fundamental evaluation method recommended in Cochrane Handbook and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0.24 software.Results Eleven RCTs of 956 patients of DN were analyzed.The content and methodological quality of these 11 test samples were low,which could not be undertaken high quality research of sensitivity analysis.Meta-analysis results showed that:Tao Hong Si Wu decoction could be reduced to some extent,the early and clinical stage of DN patients with 24 h UPE reduce the Ⅲ,Ⅳ of Scr,and improve renal function to a certain extent.The results also showed that Tao Hong Si Wu decoction could lower TG and CHO,better control FBG and HbAlc of DN patients,besides,serious adverse reactions have not been found during the treatment.Conclusion Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction could be a relatively safe and effective treatment of DN drugs.However,a high probability of selection bias and measurement bias in the included studies was bound to affect the strength of the results.

AIM To observe the influence of high fat diet on the success rate of diet induced obesity rat. METHODS Rats of model group were fed with hight fat diet for 16 weeks then, the weight and Lee index were measured and compared with those of normal control group. RESULTS The weight and Lee index of model group rats were 491 62?46 89 and 319 04?9 49. Those of the normal control group rats were 394 2?50 78 and 304 63?5 99. There were significant difference between the two groups( P

Objective To explore the method and result of endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods Thyroidectomy was performed endoscopically in 4 cases of thyroidoma. Results 4 patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy, whose operation time was 52,63,70,75 minutes respectively. An average blood loss during operation was 35ml and no complication occurred. They were discharged 4 days～5 days after operation. Conclusions The endoscopic thyroidectomy has the advantages of minimal invasion, less bleeding, less complication and quicker recovery.

Effects of acupuncture on spontaneous discharges of nerve cells in ventromedial neucleus of hypothalamus (VNH) and levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in rats of obesity were observed. Results indicated that levels of tyrosine (Tyr) and dopamine f DA) were decreased, and the levels of 5 -hydroxytryptamine (5 - HT) and 5 - hydroxyindole acetic acid (5 - HIAA) increased in VNH; The frequency of spontaneous discharges of nerve cells in VNH lowered significantly in the obesity group as compared with those in the normal group; When acupuncture attained effect of weight reduction, the frequency of spontaneous discharges of nerve cells in the VMH increased obviously; the levels of Tyr, DA, tryptamine , and 5 - HT/5 - HIAA increased, and 5 - HT level decreased in VMH tissue. It is suggested that the benign regulative action of acupuncture on VNH is possibly one of the crucial factors for acupuncture in reducing body weight.

65 years,Type A in 1,Type B in 1).Radial nerve injury resulted from operation obtained complete recovery 3 months post-operation;1 case that transient ulnar nerve palsy recovered 3 days after operation;elbow heterotopic ossification in 1 case;there were no radial nerve injury in 23 cases where the plate was removed in same approach.Elbow function evaluated by Mayo Score system were excellent in 18,good in 8,fair in 4,bad in 3.At the last follow-up,the strength of triceps was about 4～5 grade.[Conclusion]The fracture of middle and lower humeral shaft can be exposed and fixed safely by triceps-splitting approach,the rate of complications was acceptable.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,indications and clinical outcomes of the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures by short segmental pedicle screws fixation at the level of the fracture.Methods Thirtytwo patients with thoracolumbar fracture,who underwent surgical procedure of short segmental pedicle screws fixation at the level of the fracture from 2007 to 2010,were followed up.X rays were performed preoperatively and postoperatively to locate the injured vertebral segment height and fractured kyphosis vertebral (Cobb angle).Frankel standard was used to assess the spinal cord function.Results All patients were followed up for 12 to 20 months and were in satisfying condition in the reduction of fracture.After surgery,the height of fractured vertebral body leading edge recovered from preoperative (32.4％ ～69.3％,averaged (51.6 ± 17.8)％ ) to (85.6％ ～99.2％,averaged (92.8 ±6.2)％ ) after two weeks and (90.6％ ～97.8％,averaged (93.8 ±3.6)％ ) at the last follow-up.Fractured vertebral Cobb angle was recovered from the preoperative ( 12.8 ° ～ 30.5 °,averaged [20.8±9.1] °) to (0° ～7.8 °,averaged [4.9 ±3.2] °) two weeks later and (2.0° ～ 12.0°,averaged [ 6.2 ± 4.6 ] o at the last follow-up.Cobb angle of the injured vertebral segment and the extend of vertebral compression were significantly improved after the angle was corrected ( P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion Using reduction and short segment pedicle screw fixation at the fracture level would be helpful to correct kyphotic vertebral compression and restore the height of injured vertebrate,which was also of benefit to increase the stability of short-segment posterior fixation system and reduce the loss of correction in a long run.

OBJECTIVE: structure and biomechanics studies of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) demonstrated that double-bundle hamstring graft has similar function to healthy PCL. semitendinosus and gracilis can stabilize knee joint by preventing anterior tibial displacement. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of construction a PCL using semitendinosus and gracilis bundles.METHODS: Nine patients who were underwent double bundle PCL reconstruction from March 2006 to December 2007, and received a more than 18 months follow-up, were collected, including 8 males and 1 female, aged 21-42 years. Four patients were suffered simple PCL injury,and the other 5 patients combined with meniscus injury. Two tunnels of 5 mm diameter was made in the femoral attachment site of PCL, one tunnel of 8.0 mm diameter was made in the tibial attachment site of PCL. The anterior bundle was reconstructed using semitendinosus tendon, and the posterior bundle was reconstructed using the gracilis tendon. We reserved the attachment of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendon outside of tibial tunnel, and tied a knot using tendens outside of femoral tunnels. No internal fixation was needed. Posterior drawer test was performed in 30.60 and 90 degrees of flexion of the knee joint, and Lysholm rating system was used to determine the function of the knee and the patient's level of activity. RESULTS: Nine patients were included in the final analysis. Prior to operation, posterior drawer test in 30, 60 and 90 degrees of flexion was positive in all 9 cases. However, at 18 months after operation, posterior drawer test in 30, 60 and 90 degrees was negative in 8 cases, only 1 patient had positive posterior drawer test in 30 degrees. The mean Lysholm score was 55 points (45-68points) prior to operation, which was 88 points (78-94 points) postoperatively. The excellent and good results were obtained in 89%.CONCLUSION: Double bundle reconstruction of the PCL mimics more closely to the natural behavior of the normal PCL, which can restore normal knee laxity across the full range of motion. However, the cases were limited, so the prostecdtive efficacy needs to be followed up.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can enhance fat survival rate by promoting vessel regeneration of transplanted fat.However,there is no clear conclusion addressing its effects on adipocytes.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of bFGF on the proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Cytological in vitro comparison observation was conducted at the Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force from March 2006 to December 2007.MATERIALS:Totally 10 samples of adipose tissue from patients undergoing abdominal liposuction were used in this study,including 1 male and 9 females,aged 21-45 years.METHODS:The human preadipocytes were obtained from human abdominal fat particles by isolation,culture and natural purity.The experiment was divided into bFGF and control groups.Cells in the control group were incubated in DMEM.Cells in the bFGF group were incubated in DMEM supplemented with 100 ng/L bFGF.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Morphology of cultured cells was studied to determine the growth curve at 0,3,6,9,12,15 days following culture by inverted phase contrast microscope.Fat aggregation was observed in cells using oil red O staining.Absorbance value was examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:The preadipocytes represented the spindle-like character with strong proliferation.During 1 to 15 days,the preadipocytes proliferated into monolayers.Some cells became single bubble cells with lipid droplets deposited,close to maturity.The cells in bFGF group had no significant differences with the control group in cell morphology,but the amount of cells in bFGF group was 44% more than the control group.Following oil red O staining,lipid droplet was found in the preadipocytes,showing dark red.Following 15 days of incubation,the concentration of lipid droplet reached a peak.The absorbanca of bFGF group was increased 300% compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:The bFGF not only promote the proliferation of human preadipocytes,but also induce the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes.

The apparent digestibilities of two preparations of corn as staples in men were estimated during March and April in 1979. Seven healthy adult men, who lived in this region for many years, were accustomed to eat corn as their staple diets. Each of the two preparations from the same batch of corn was used in the experiment. One preparation was "cooked corn meal" and the other was Jian-bing, the latter was considered the better way of cooking. Other ingredients of food in these two test diets were the same. During the test periods, the volunteers ate the test diets and drank boiled water ad lib, but the quantities were recorded. No other foodstuffs and drinks were allowed. The nutritive values of test diets were sufficient to meet the subjects' physiological needs. The 12 days period was divided into adaptative and testing periods of three days each for the two kinds of test diets. During the test periods, the total foodstuffs and the volunteers' faeces were analysed for the contents of water, anhydrates, total ni- trogen, crude fat, ash and fiber in the samples. From the data obtained, the apparent digestibilities of anhydrates, total nitrogen and crude fat ware calculated. Urine nitrogen was analysed and the nitrogen balance was calculated. The body weight at the beginning and the end of test periods were measured.The apparent digestibility (%) of anhydrates was 93.31?0.393 and 94.79 ? 0.578, total nitrogrn 84.60 ? 0.843 and 87.77 ? 1.080 and crude fat 86.32 ? 1.296 and 94.68 ? 0.838 in cooked corn meal diet and the corn flour Jian-bing diet respectively. The apparent digestibility in corn Jian-bing diet was higher statistically than that of cooked corn diet. Body weights fluctuated within the normal range. The nitrogen balances of all subjects were positive and the difference of nitrogen balance studies between the two test diets was not statistically significant.The results of the experiment suggest that, the differences of apparent digestibility between two diets was mainly due to the methods of preparation, Jian-bing being better than cooked corn diet in human nutrition.