The morbidity of scoliosis in adolescents in China is about 3%-5%, 80%-85% of the patients are adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), whose etiology is unknown. Scoliosis is a structural spine disease occurring during puberty or before skeletal maturation. Scoliosis has a greatly negative impacton not only the growth and development of adolescent spine, but also the mental health of adolescents. Ocular disease is a common clinical disease in which the eye ball and its accessory structures have structural abnormalitiesordys function. Ocular disease snotonly bring in convenience to patients's life, but also may induce diseases in other organs. Recent studies have shown that various ocular diseases may have a potential impact on scoliosis, and quite a fewof patients with certain ocular diseases have higher incidence rate of scoliosis. Therefore, in this article, the etiological relationship between eye diseases and scoliosis will be summarized, which provides guidance and direction for the etiological research of scoliosis and eye diseases. After sorting out, we found that the relationship between ophthalmic diseases and scoliosis mainly concentrated in the following four aspects: choroidal thickness and scoliosis, Goldenhar syndrome, gene level and strabismus. Among them, the genetic relationship is the most complex, about 40 kinds of gene or chromosome abnormalities have been found to cause ocular diseases and scoliosis; Goldenhar syndrome, also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, first revealed the relationship between ocular diseases and scoliosis, but the current statistical relationship is still very vague. There are few studies on choroidal thickness and strabismus at home and abroad, which are statistical studies, only revealing the relationship between choroidal thickness and scoliosis, and there are many defects in the study of choroidal thickness, which need further research.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) insertion in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) without cardiogenic shock(CS) patients receiving off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( OPCABG).Methods 444 consecutive AMI patients who underwent isolated OPCABG from January 2009 to December 2016 were enrolled.158 patients who underwent preoperative IABP placement(IABP group) and the other of 286 patients who did not have IABP placement(control group).The in-hospital mortality rate, postoperative complications, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay and hospital length were compared between the two groups.Results The overall mortality was 5.0%.135 pairs of patients were matched.The preoperative IABP insertion showed benefits in postoperative survival rate compared with the control group(0 vs.5.9%, P＝0.004).However, patients with preoperative IABP were more likely to prolong duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.The postoperative length of stay in hospital didn't show significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion Survival advantage was observed from preoperative IABP insertion in AMI patients without CS under-going OPCABG.

Objective:To investigate the safety and the efficacy of percutaneous and surgical approach in femoro-femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) cannulation.Methods:All consecutive patients implanted with femoro-femoral VA-ECMO between January 2018 and December 2020 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes of percutaneous and surgical groups while controlling for confounders.Results:Among the 276 patients who received femoro-femoral VA-ECMO (62 surgical and 214 percutaneous), propensity-score matching selected 52 pairs of patients with similar characteristics with mean age of(59.6±13.0)years old, in which 26 patients were female. There were a lower ECMO cannulation-associated complication (28.8% vs. 48.1%, P=0.044) and a lower hospital mortality (42.3% vs. 67.3%, P=0.010) in the percutaneous group. The circuit blood flow after ECMO initiation was similar in both groups[(3.3±0.8)L·min -1·kg -1 in percutaneous group vs. (3.2±0.7)L·min -1·kg -1 in surgical group, P=0.738]. The serum lactate was declined in both group after ECMO initiation[(5.4±5.8)mmol/L vs. (9.2±6.9)mmol/L, P<0.001 in percutaneous group; (6.3±6.2)mmol/L vs. (10.5±7.0)mmol/L, P=0.003 in surgical group]. Conclusion:Percutaneous approach is a safe and efficient technique in emoro-femoral VA-ECMO cannulation. Compared with surgical cannulation, percutaneous approach is associated with lower ECMO cannulation-associated complication and lower hospital mortality.

Objective: A retrospective analysis aimed to identify the clinical features of patients with descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) to improve the effects of treatment and prognosis. Methods: The clinical data of 59 patients with DNM who were treated in the Department of Oncology of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) were retrospectively analyzed from March 2010 to March 2020. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the risk factors that were associated with mortality. Results : A total of 59 patients were identified: 21 cases of DNM typeⅠ (35.6%), 19 cases of DNM typeⅡA (32.2%), and 19 cases of DNM type ⅡB (32.2%). All patients with DNM received emergency surgery. Patients with typeⅠ and ⅡA underwent anterior mediastinal xiphoid incision and drainage combined with thoracic drainage. The thoracic mediastinum was completely debrided, and postoperative drainage was performed in type ⅡB patients. Pus samples from all 59 DNM patients were cultured for bacteria, and 19 of them were positive. Systemic antiinflammatory therapy was administered. Five patients died (8.5%), and 54 patients survived (91.5%). Compared with the survival group, the mortality group had a higher proportion of patients aged ≥ 65 years, with diabetes, with an interval from admission to ICU ≥ 6 days, with an APACHE Ⅱ score ≥ 20 days, with a duration of ICU treatment ≥ 10 days, and with septic shock, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusions Timely transfer to the intensive care unit for treatment combined with early active surgery and timely treatment of systemic diseases and systemic antimicrobial therapy is the key to reducing DNM mortality.

Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its late diagnosis and aggressive progression, poses a substantial challenge owing to scarce treatment alternatives. This review endeavors to furnish a holistic insight into pancreatic cancer, encompassing its epidemiology, genomic characterization, risk factors, diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and treatment resistance mechanisms. We delve into identifying risk factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental exposures, and explore recent research advancements in precursor lesions and molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we highlight the development and application of multi-omics approaches in pancreatic cancer research and discuss the latest combinations of pancreatic cancer biomarkers and their efficacy. We also dissect the primary mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in this malignancy, illustrating the latest therapeutic options and advancements in the field. Conclusively, we accentuate the urgent demand for more extensive research to enhance the prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients.
Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Prognosis ; Pancreas/pathology* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomics