This study aimed at investigating the effects of Guttiferone K (GUTK),a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) compound isolated from Garcinia yunnanensis,on the cell proliferation of human prostate cancer LNCaP cell line.Human prostate cancer LNCaP cells in the period of logarithmic phase were treated with GUTK.MTI assay was used to detect cell proliferation.Flow cytometry of propidium iodide (PI) staining,BrdU assay and immunocytochemistry were adopted to analyze the cell cycle phase distribution.Protein levels of Cyclin A,p27 and SKP2 were detected by western blotting.The results showed that GUTK inhibited the proliferation and induced G0/1 arrest of LNCaP cells in a time and dose dependent manner.The protein levels of Cyclin A and SKP2 were decreased,while p27 was increased by GUTK in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells.It was concluded that GUTK,a compound isolated from G.yunnanensis,presented the effect of inhibiting the cell proliferation by inducing G0/1 arrest of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells,with potential anti-prostate cancer action.

Objective To investigate the effects of mobility training on mobility and the mRNA levels of both synaptophysin and growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the region around an infarction in rats with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Models of cerebral infarction were created in 100 rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion. They were then randomly divided into training and control groups. The motor skill of the rats was examined using a beam walking test. The mRNA levels of both synaptophysin and GAP-43 in the region around the infarction were observed at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after model-creation using a semi-quantitive reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction. Results The rats' mobility scores increased with training, and significant differ-ences were observed between the average scores of the two groups at the 3rd, 7th and 14th days. The scores were higher in the training group. The mRNA levels of both synaptophysin and GAP-43 in the region around the infarction increased significantly from the 1st to the 3rd and 7th days. Synaptophysin mRNA levels were significantly higher in the trained group at each time point, but the levels of GAP-43 mRNA were significantly higher in the trained group only on the 3rd and 7th days. Conclusions Motor skill and the mRNA levels of synaptophysin and GAP-43 in the region around an infarction can be increased by motor skill training, at least in rats with model acute cerebral infarc-tion.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of arthroscopic debridement combined with oral use of Chinese medicine Guanjietong Tablets ( GT) for knee osteoarthritis in the early and middle stage. Methods Ninety knee osteoarthritis patients in the early and middle stage were evenly randomized into three groups, namely GT group, glucosamine sulfate group and blank control group. All of the three groups received arthroscopic debridement, and additionally, GT group and glucosamine sulfate group were given the corresponding medicine orally. We observed Lysholm knee scores of the three groups before operation, and 2 weeks, 3 months and one year after operation, and compared the knee joint space before operation and one year after operation showed by digital X-ray photograpy. Results ( 1) Lysholm knee scores in the three groups were increased 2 weeks, 3 months and one year after operation when compared with those before operation, the difference being significant (P<0.05) . Three months and one year after operation, the scores of GT group and glucosamine sulfate group differed from those of the blank control group (P<0.01). One year after operation, the scores of GT group differed from those of glucosamine sulfate group ( P<0.05). ( 2) The results of knee joint space showed by digital X-ray photography at knee position of weight loading indicated that the difference was insignificant between GT group and glucosamine sulfate group one year after operation ( P> 0.05) , but the difference between the two groups and the blank control group was significant (P<0.05). The difference of knee joint space was insignificant before operation and one year after operation in GT group and glucosamine sulfate group ( P>0.05) , while was significant in the blank control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement alone has certain short-term curative effect in treating knee osteoarthritis in the early and middle stage, but the effect will decline with the extension of time. Arthroscopic debridement combined with Guanjietong Tablets could delay the narrowing of joint space and maintain the clinical curative effect, which will delay the time for artificial joint replacement.

Objective To study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Baihuadan Analgesic Spray, so as to provide theoretical basis for further development of new drugs. Methods Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the inflammatory tissues of mice with xylene-induced auricular inflammation and in the rats with albumen-induced pedal swelling were measured for the observation of anti-inflammation action of Baihuadan Analgesic Spray. The pain threshold in mouse hot-plate test and mouse acetic acid writhing test was determined to observe the analgesic effect of Baihuadan Analgesic Spray. Results Middle dose of Baihuadan Analgesic Spray (1 mg/mL) significantly reduced the auricular swelling rate induced by xylene in mice, improved the pain threshold of mice and prolonged pain latency in hot plate test (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). High dose of Baihuadan Analgesic Spray (2 mg/mL) reduced the content of PGE2 in pedal inflammatory tissues (P < 0.05), and the effect on reducing the times of mouse writhing was obviously superior to that of the Voltaren Gel group. Conclusion Baihuadan Analgesic Spray has obvious anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Objective To determine the effect of primary realignment of posterior urethral injury associated with pelvic fracture on length and delayed operative treatment of ensuing urethral stricture.Methods A retrospective review was made on the clinical data of 64 patients with posterior urethral injury after pelvic fracture treated from January 2008 to January 2012.Of those patients,43 underwent primary endoscopic realignment (early realignment group) and 30 received primary suprapubic cystostomy (cystostomy group).All were evaluated postoperatively for the late stricture rate,stricture length,types of delayed repair,and operation frequency.Results Rate of stricture was 53％ (18/34) in early realignment group and 100％ (30/30) in cystostomy group,but all were corrected by delayed urethroplasty.Mean length of the stricture was (1.8±0.6) cm in early realignment group and (2.9±0.7)cm in cystostomy group(t=6.7,P＜0.05).Of the urethrostenosis patients in early realignment group,83％ (15/18) were successfully corrected with a simple endoscopic cold incision and 17％ (3/18) with open surgery.In contrast,only 60％ (18/30) in cystostomy group were successfully corrected by endoscopic cold incision.Patients in cystostomy group underwent (2.8 ± 0.5) procedures for cure compared with (1.6 ± 0.6) procedures in early realignment group (t =9.2,P＜0.05).Conclusion Primary endoscopic realignment for posterior urethral injury pelvic fracture offers the decrease in stricture incidence,stricture length,operation difficulty and operation frequency.

This study aimed at exploring the effects of Guttiferone K (GUTK),a compound isolated from G.yunnanensis,on inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effects of GUTK on the proliferation of five human pancreatic cancer cell lines.Western blot was adopted to detect the apoptosis-related protein expressions of Caspase-3,poly adenosinediphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) and Bcl-xL.For in vivo study,the human pancreatic cancer cell MIA PaCa-2 was orthotopically injected into the pancreatic tail of the orthotopic mice.One week later,GUTK was administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection every other day for 4 weeks.The volume and weight of the tumor tissue were measured.The protein expression level of cleaved caspase-3 in tumor tissue of all the groups was quantified by immunohistochemistry.As a result,it was found that GUTK effectively inhibited the proliferation of the five human pancreatic cancer cell lines at a low concentration.GUTK induced caspase-related apoptosis by triggering a series of events in MIA PaCa-2 cells including cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP activation,Bcl-xL down-regulation,and eventually cell death in a time and dose dependent manner.Furthermore,in vivo study revealed that intraperitoneal injection of GUTK significantly suppressed the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in the orthotopic mouse models,and the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was increased in the GUTK and gemcitabine treated groups.It was concluded that GUTK induced apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo,and was potential to develop into a clinical anticancer agent.

Objective To establish animal models of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency and to compare the efficacy of different methods.Methods Rat models were established by iodoacetamide(IA)-treatment or combined with swimming.Appearance,body weight,food intake of the rats were observed,and serum motilin,cholecystokinin,lactate,gastrin content and urinary D-xylose excretion rates were detected to confirm whether the model of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency was established.Results The IA-treated rats had less food intake and a slower body weight gain.The IA-treated combined with swimming rats presented spleen-hypofunction symptoms,such as emaciation,hair dry and loose stools,their urinary D-xylose excretion rate,serum motilin,gastrin content were decreased,and serum cholecystokinin and lactate contents were increased significantly (P<0.05 for all).Conclusions All the three methods used in this study can result in symptoms of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency.However,IA-treatment combined with swimming models appear more close to spleen deficiency-like presentation,and the best model is the IA-treated combined with platform standing.

Abstract: Objective　To genotype and analyze whole genomic features of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) isolated in Tianjin, to improve evolution information of CVB3 virus in Tianjin, and to provide basis for surveillance and early warning of related diseases. Methods　Viral RNA was extracted from five CVB3 strains isolated in Tianjin, whole genome sequence of the virus was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced by next-generation sequencing method, and phylogenetic and recombinant analysis were carried out. Results　The open reading frame 1(ORF) of the five CVB3 strains contained 6 555 nucleotides and encoded 2 185 amino acids, and ORF2 was composed of sequences encoding 68 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence similarity ranged from 78.3%-100%, and the amino acid sequence similarity ranged from 95.7%-100%. Compared with the CVB3 prototype strain, the nucleotide sequence similarity of the five viruses was between 78.2%-79.1%, and the similarity of amino acid sequences was 94.9%-95.3%. All five viruses exhibited a T151A mutation on the VP2 protein. Additionally, the encephalitis isolate showed a K158E mutation on the VP2 protein, while one of the sewage isolates had a C234T mutation in 5' noncoding region. The five strains belonged to two different genotypes, among which the encephalitis isolate in 2016 belonged to the D genotype, while the sewage isolates in 2021 belonged to the E genotype. This is also the first report of E genotype CVB3 in northern China. The CVB3 strain may have recombinant events in non-structural protein regions, in which encephalitis isolate may recombine with a Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) strain, while sewage isolates may have recombinant events with a strain of ECHO virus 18 (E18). Conclusions　The CVB3 isolates in Tianjin belong to D and E genotypes, and recombination events may exist in non-structural protein region of the viral genome. The results of CVB3 virus genome analysis in sewage suggests presence of CVB3 infection in the population of Tianjin, and its epidemic dominant genotype may have changed.

OBJECTIVETo detect the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in black and white hair of patients with type 2 diabetes.

METHODSMtDNA was extracted from the hair shaft of the patients to amplify two target DNA fragment from mtDNA coding region and control region using PCR. The differences in the heterogeneity in the target DNA fragment was analyzed between diabetic patients and the control group with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC).

RESULTSIn the control subjects and diabetic patients, the mtDNA heterogeneity in the black hair was 3% and 10% in 20-45 year-old groups and 9% and 17% in 45-70 year-old groups, as compared to 9%, 20%, 21%, and 40% in the white hair, respectively. The mtDNA heterogeneity in the black and white hair was both higher in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects of the same age group, and was also higher in older age subgroups in both control and diabetic groups (P<0.05). The white hair mtDNA showed a significantly higher heterogeneity than the black hair mtDNA in the two age groups of diabetic patients and in 45-70 year-old control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe mtDNA heterogeneity in the hair increases in type 2 diabetic patients and show an association with aging.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aging ; genetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Hair ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Increasing studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the treatment of osteoarthritis,and moderate autophagy can preserve the normal physiological function of osteoarticular chondrocytes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers can target and modulate autophagy to treat osteoarthritis,and their characteristics such as single components,clear efficacy,low price,and easy availability have obvious benefits in the treatment of osteoarthritis.OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of TCM monomers on the targeted regulation of autophagy in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the research progress,with a view to laying a foundation for the treatment of osteoarthritis and even other bone metabolic diseases.METHODS:Relevant literature published from January 2012 to October 2022 was retrieved in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang using the keywords of"traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese herbal monomer,autophagy,osteoarthritis"in English and Chinese.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed,and 63 relevant articles were finally included by screening through reading the title,abstract,and full-text content.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:TCM monomers can treat osteoarthritis by targeting autophagy to inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis,protect cartilage extracellular matrix,reduce inflammation and antagonize oxidative stress injury.Different TCM monomers can regulate autophagy in the same way,and the same TCM monomers can affect autophagy in different ways.The combination of multiple monomers and the multi-target and multi-pathway regulation of autophagy by TCM monomers remain to be explored.The regulation of autophagy by TCM monomers can provide new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.Moderate regulation of autophagy by TCM monomers to keep the autophagic flux unimpeded may be the key to treating osteoarthritis.