Colostomy,which is an important means of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer,leads to the colostomy fecal leakage,odor,skin infections and other complications.Artificial anus plugging device as an alternate device to colostomy bag,can achieve bowel control,streamline operations,good blocking effect and mprove the quality of life.Therefore,in this review,the author will discuss the research progress of artificial anus plugging device,including its froms,materials and functions in the treatment of fecal incontinence.

Objective To investigate the effect of cystatin C (CysC) concentration on outcome of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent intravenous thrombolysis were enrolled retrospectively.They were divided into a good outcome group (≤2) and a poor outcome group (＞2) according to the Rankin scale.They were also divided into a hemorrhagic transformation (HT) group and a non-HT group according to whether they had HT or not.Their demographic data and clinical data were compared.Results A total of 103 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis were enrolled,44 in the good outcome group,59 in the poor outcome group; 23 in the TH group,and 80 in the non-HT group.The age (62.34 ± 13.41 years vs.68.09 ± 9.74 years; t-2.521,P =0.013),baseline CysC concentration (1.008±0.28 mg/L vs.1.27±0.86 mg/L; t=2.237,P=0.027),incidence of HT (14％ vs.34.9％; x2 =6.016,P =0.014) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (10.39 ± 3.11 vs.18 ±2.65; t =13.35,P ＜0.001) in the good outcome group were significantly lower than those in the poor outcome group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant independent correlation between CysC and clinical outcome (odds ratio 1.783,95％ confidence interval 0.443-7.185 ; P =0.416).The baseline CysC concentration (1.41 ± 0.54 mg/L vs.0.96± 0.18 mg/L; t =3.941,P=0.001) and the NIHSS score (15.96 ± 3.7 vs.13.05 ±4.87; t =3.017,P =0.004) in the non-HT group were significantly lower than those in the HT group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the plasma CysC concentration ＞ 1.03 mg/L (odds ratio 9.050,95％ confidence interval 2.384-34.359; P =0.001) was an independent risk factor for HT.Conclusions The increased baseline plasma CysC concentration was associated with the occurrence of HT in patients with acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis therapy,but it was not associated with the outcomes.

Objective To investigate the effects of desflurane on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myocardial enzyme. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱpatients scheduled for selective operation were randomly divided into three groups of tenin each: Desflurane group(D group), Isoflurane group(I group) and Enflurane group(E group). Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 1.0MAC of desflurane, isoflurane, and enflurane in each group respectively. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia, 1 h after inhalation and at the end of inhalation for the determination of plasma cTnI, CK, CK-MB, AST and LDH activities. Results cTnI, AST, LDH, CK and CK-MB levels were normal before anesthesia. At the end of inhalation, CK increased significantly in three groups, CK-MB increased markedly in Enflurane group and Isoflurane group, but CK-MB level was normal in desflurane group. However, the CK-MB level was normal in all patients. cTnI, AST, LDH showed little changes during inhalation. Conclusions Inhalation of 1.0 MAC of desflurane, isoflurane and enflurane doesn't result in myocardial injury.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis value of serum procalcitonin(PCT)detection combined with antibody de-tection of respiratory pathogens in children with pneumonia.Methods 1 256 cases of pneumonia in children were collected in the hospital from 2013 July to 2014 January were analyzed,detection PCT by chemiluminescence,using enzyme linked immu-nosorbent assay for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae ,Chlamydia pneumoniae and common respiratory virus.Results The positive rates of PCT was 30.7%,and MP IgM,CP IgM,RSV IgM,ADV IgM and FLUA IgM were 21.4%,16.8%, 11.8%,8.4%,and 10.9%.PCT in children with different gender in the largest number of positive cases,respectively,male 227 cases and female 158 cases,but the PCT and respiratory pathogen antibody positive in different gender did not exist sta-tistical difference (P >0.05).In different age groups,procalcitonin positive cases in 1 years in the group most,Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae IgM positive cases in 1~3 years old were the largest number,the number of respir-atory virus positive patients with different maximum performance in different age groups.PCT and respiratory pathogen an-tibody positive in different age there was no statistical difference (P >0.05).Conclusion The PCT combined with respira-tory pathogen detection of antibodies help the clinic to determine the type of pneumonia in children,to provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in children.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the positive rate of autoantibody and hepatitis C virus load and the relationship between the positive incidence and the status of liver function in patients infected HCV.Methods 168 patients infected hepatitis C virus were included,to detect serum autoantibody,HCV loads and liver function file.And 129 healthy controls were collected to test the serum autoantibody.Using the Chi-square test to analyze the count data,and performing student test or Nonparametric test to study measurement data,compared the positive rate of autoantibody in patients with HCV and that in healthy controls.Analyzed the correlation among the positive incidence of autoantibody,HCV load and the status of liver function in patients infected HCV,and studied the relationship of the positive rate of autoantibody with age and also with gender of the patients.Results The positive rate of autoantibody in patients with HCV was 35.12%(59/168),in which ANA accounted for 33.93%,SMA took up 2.98%,AMA-M2 made up 1.80% and anti-LKM1 1.20%.No patient existed LC-1 or SLA/LP in his/her serum.The total positive rate of autoantibody and ANA both were higher in pa-tients than in healthy controls (χ2=23.179,P=0.000;χ2=21.360,P=0.000).There existed no significant difference in the levels of HCV load,total bilirubin (TBil),ALT and AST between the patients whose autoantibody examinations were positive and those who were negative in autoantibody test (χ2=0.113,P=0.945;Z=-1.087,P=0.277;Z=-1.356,P=0.175;Z=-0.153,P=0.878).The positive rate of autoantibody not correlated with the gender (χ2=2.897,P=0.089), but related to the age (t=3.274,P=0.001)of the patients.There existed significant difference in the levels of ALT,AST and the age between the patients HCV RNA negative and those HCV RNA positive (Z=-6.430,P=0.000;Z=-6.123, P=0.000;t=-3.152,P=0.002),and the patients whose HCV RNA were negative younger than those who with HCV RNA positive (44.17 vs 55.27 years).Conclusion It is easy for autoimmunity to occur on persons infected HCV.The posi-tive rate of autoantibody is related to patients’age,but not to the HCV amount in patients.Besides,it cannot predict the sta-tus of the patients’liver injury that weather the autoimmunity appears.But HCV load correlated with patients'age and liver inj ury,which older group patients bring higher virus load and had more serious liver damage.

Objective To investigate the effect of surgical treatment for acute pancreatitis patients with pancreatic necrosis and pseudocyst.Methods A total of 42 patients with SAP PPC were selected.According to the different treatment schemes,patients were divided into initial treatment group and suspended treatment group,21 cases in each group.Surgical treatment time,operation time,intra-operative blood loss,exhaust time and hospitalization time were observed.The surgical efficiency rate and the incidence rate of postoperative complications were compared.Results The curative rate and total effective rate of initial treatment group were significantly higher than those of suspended treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).The each index in the perioperative period of initial treatment group was significantly lower than that of suspended treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).Incidence rate of adverse reactions of initial treatment group was significantly lower than that of suspended treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Surgical treatment for SAP patients with PPC has better effect,few complications and good safety.

Objective To investigate the effect of surgical treatment for acute pancreatitis patients with pancreatic necrosis and pseudocyst.Methods A total of 42 patients with SAP PPC were selected.According to the different treatment schemes,patients were divided into initial treatment group and suspended treatment group,21 cases in each group.Surgical treatment time,operation time,intra-operative blood loss,exhaust time and hospitalization time were observed.The surgical efficiency rate and the incidence rate of postoperative complications were compared.Results The curative rate and total effective rate of initial treatment group were significantly higher than those of suspended treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).The each index in the perioperative period of initial treatment group was significantly lower than that of suspended treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).Incidence rate of adverse reactions of initial treatment group was significantly lower than that of suspended treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Surgical treatment for SAP patients with PPC has better effect,few complications and good safety.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of microvascular anastomotic devices in the reconstruction of lower extremity defects by free flap transfer.Methods A retrospective review of 42 consecutive patients who underwent lower extremity microvascular reconstruction performed from May 2013 to November 2013 by microvascular anastomotic devices was performed.Patient charts were reviewed for age,sex,etiology of defect,location of defect,flap type,anastomotic technique,complications and flap survival.Results No patients had an arterial or venous anastomosis revised.The vascular anastomosis patency rates was 100％ and the flap survival rate was 97.6％.Total complication rate (9.5％) was due to 1 partial flap loss,1 partial skin graft loss and 2 hematoma.There were no intraoperative or perioperative complications involving the use of a microvascular anastomotic device itself.Conclusion Microvascular anastomotic devices have effective vessel anastomoses in lower extremity microvascular reconstruction.Thus,it presents an ideal tool for lower extremity microsurgical reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the effects of heparanase and E-cadherin on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods Fifty specimens of gastric cancer which had been resected at Cancer Hospital of Liaoning Province from February 2005 to May 2007 were collected. The expression of heparanase mRNA and E-cadherin mRNA in these gastric cancer specimens was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression of E-cadherin in these gastric cancer specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed by t-test and variance analysis, and the enumeration data analyzed by chi-square test. Results There were significant differences in the expression of heparanase and E-cadherin between gastric cancer cells with high and low differentiation, presence and absence of metastasis, and TNM stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ versus Ⅲ and Ⅳ (t = 1.999, 4.258, 1.735 ; 1.286, 6.794, 3.091; χ~2 =6.273, 9.397, 5.640, P <0.05). The co-expression of heparanase (+) and E-cadherin (-) was correlated with tumor undifferentiation, lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM staging (χ~2 =11.306, 10.208, 8.420, P <0.05). Conclusions Heparanasc shows high expression while E-cadherin shows low expression in gastric cancer tissue. There is a synergistic effect between the abnormal expression of heparanase and E-cadherin, and the gastric cancer cells with coexpression of heparanase and E-cadherin have more malignant potential.

AIM: To investigate the expression and function of apoptosis-related protein, Fas, FasL, and Bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 20 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 20 Graves' disease (GD), and 20 thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA, as control). RESULTS: All the cases expressed Fas, mainly on the cell surface and cytoplasm. FasL was found in all except 3 of the TFA. Bcl-2 in 15 of HT, 19 of GD, 17 of TFA. In TFA follicular cells expressed moderate Fas and minimal or absent FasL. In HT, follicles adjacent to infiltrating lymphocytes showed a increased levels of Fas and FasL, but infiltrating lymphocytes exhibited weaker staining of Fas and FasL than thyrocytes. In GD, thyrocytes and lymphocytes showed nearly similar Fas with HT, but rather weaker for FasL than HT. Bcl-2 was nearly similar in GD and TFA, but follicular cells in vicinity of lymphocytes and lymphocytes located in germinal centers of HT tissues exhibited significantly weaker. CONCLUSION: The expression of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease was nearly similar. Strong FasL expression and weak Bcl-2 expression on the follicles in HT may induce apoptosis. These results provide further proof that the functions of Fas and its ligand and Bcl-2 may play an important part in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The lymphocytes do not seem to be directly engaged in the process with their own FasL, but they may provide some cytokines that, in turn, up-regulates Fas and/or FasL leading to apoptosis.