Objective To provide anatomical basis for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for excision of sellar tumors. Methods The relationship between ostia of sphenoidal sinus and sellar areas of 25 heads of adult cadavers, and the structure of pituitary fossa and the relationship of the anterior-posterior clinoid processes of 21 heads of adult cadavers were observed and measured. At the same time, structure of 9 fresh heads of adult cadavers were observed with the operating endoscope. Results The distance between the ostia of the sphenoidal sinus to the tuberculum sellae, internal carotid artery, optic nerve and dorsum sellae were 14.6?3.0mm, 13.7?2.2mm, 11.6?1.8mm, and 22.6?3.2mm, respectively. The sagittal diameter of the pituitary fossa was 10.2?1.5mm. The transverse diameter of the pituitary fossa was 1.4?2.4mm. The distance between two anterior clinoid processes was 25.0?3.0mm. The distance between two posterior clinoid processes was 15.8?3.3mm. The distance between anterior clinoid process and ipsilateral posterior clinoid process was 7.8?1.7mm. The distance between anterior clinoid process to contralateral posterior clinoid process was 21.8?2.4mm. Conclusion These results would provide the surgeons a stereoscopic image about sellar areas, so that the operative field could be accurately defined in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for the excision of sellar tumors.

Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Models, Biological

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Sanzi capsules and establish the Standard of its quality.METHODS:Water decocting method was applied to extract physic liquor,thin-layer chromatography(TLC)was used for qualitative identification,and high efficiency liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to determine the content of Jasminoidin in the preparation.RESULTS:Feature spots of Fructus Gardeniae,Fructus Chebulae,Fructus Toosendan were identified by TLC,with no sensible interference seen in the negative control.The linear range for Jasminoidin was 3.0～ 30? g? mL-1(r=0.999 9)with average recovery rate at 100.06%(RSD=1.17%).CONCLUSION:The preparation method is well-grounded,highly-specific and reproducible in property identification,accurate and reliable in content determination,and can be used for the quality control of Sanzi capsules.

Objective:To investigate the inhibition of methylmercury on proliferation of human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 and to compare with As_2O_3 and cisp latin.Methods:MTT chromatometry was adopted.Cultured NCI-H446 cells were incubated with different doses of methylmercury,As_2O_3,or cisplatin at 2.5,5,10,20,40 μmol/L.The optical density OD_(570) value were detected to calculate the inhibitory rate of proliferation.The nude mice model bearing tumor was constructed by subcutaneous injection with transplanting NCI-H446 cells.MMC was used at 10 mg/kg in administration with normal saline as the control.Tumor size was measured and tumor volume was calculated.Then the morphologic change was observed by HE stainning.Results:OD_(570) value of methylmercury groups were lower than that of the control groups at any doses and the difference was significant from 2.5 μmol/L group(P<0.05).The difference of the OD_(570) value of methylmercury groups under the same concentration among the different times were significant (P＜0.05);OD_(570) value of As_2O_3 and cisplatin groups were also lower than that of the control groups.There was no significant difference with MMC and cisplatin.OD_(570) value of MMC and DDP groups were higher than that of As_2O_3 groups.The volume of the tumor of the experiment groups was smaller than that of normal saline group,and the necrocytosis was more than that of normal saline group by HE stainning.Conclusion:Methylmercury could inhibit the proliferation of human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446,and the effect is both time- and dose-dependence.At the same doses,this effect may be equal to cisplatin's and stronger than As_2O_3's.

Objective To compare the effect of Baikerui compound lysostaphin (FE complex phosphoesterasum) disinfectant and povidone iodine in treatment of burn wound infection resulted from gram-positive (G ±) coccus.Methods The study involved 60 patients with superficial second degree burns (1％-5％ TBSA； age range of 18-50 years).All the patients received bacterial culturing of wound secretions prior to treatment.Every 20 patients were indentified with infection of staphylococcus aureus (SA),staphylococcus epidermidis (SE),and enterococcus (EC) respectively and randomized into control group and experiment group,with 10 patients per group.Patients allocated to the experiment group were covered with four-layer sterile gauze soaked into the Baikerui compound lysostaphin disinfectant,while the patients in the control group were treated with four-layer sterile gauze soaked into the povidone iodine.Dressing was changed once a day.Wound culturing was performed again at each day of the 5-day treatment.Wound healing was compared among each group.Results SA wound infection turned negative for all the 10 patients in experimental group and three patients in control group (P ＜ 0.01).SE wound infection turned negative for all the 10 patients in experimental group and six patients in control group (P ＜ 0.05).EC wound infection turned negative for nine patients in experimental group and seven patients in control group (P ＞ 0.05).Mean wound healing time was (10.87 ± 1.93) days for experimental group and (13.31 ± 2.89) days for control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Baikerui compound lysostaphin disinfectant can effectively prevent burn wound infection with common G + coccus and accelerate wound healing.

Objective To evaluate the collateral circulation after canine acute coronary artery occlusion with contrast real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). Methods Left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated in 12 healthy mongrel dogs. All dogs underwent myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) before ligation, immediately after ligation, at 30 min and 180 min after ligation respectively, and myocardial mass with collateral supply was calculated. Results Different degrees of collateral circulation were established in all dogs after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. At 30 min after ligation, the myocardial mass with collateral supply was (9.65±2.90) g, while at 180 min after ligation were (12.58±3.98) g (P<0.01). Conclusion The coronary collateral circulation can be observed clearly and myocardial mass with collateral supply can be quantified accurately with contrast RT-3DE.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of transhepatic arterial embolization with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and lipiodol (LIP) for the treatment of VX2 tumor in rabbits.Methods:Twenty-four rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumors by surgical implantation were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with transhepatic arterial embolization of 4 different agents as follows (n=6 each):doxorubicin (DOX) group,DOX-LIP group,SPIO-DOX group,and SPIO-DOX-LIP group.Liver function (AST and ALT) was measured at 0,1,3,5 and 7 d after transhepatic arterial embolization.The serum DOX level was measured at 0,5,15,30,60,and 120 minutes after transhepatic arterial embolization.MRI was performed at 7 d after the treatment to assess the distribution of SPIO in the SPIO-DOX group and SPIO-DOX-LIP group,while CT was performed to assess the distribution of LIP in the DOX-LIP group and SPIO-DOX-LIP group.All the rabbits were sacrificed and their livers were removed at 7 d after treatment for the detection of tissue DOX level.The histopathologic examinations were performed including HE staining,Prussian blue staining and TUNEL assay,and then the tumor necrosis percentage and apoptosis index were calculated.Results:Compared to the DOX group,the levels of AST and ALT in other 3 groups were significantly elevated at 1 and 3 d after embolization (P＜0.05).The levels of ALT and AST in the DOX group,DOX-LIP group or SPIO-DOX-LIP group returned to the baseline at day 7,there were no significant differences (P＞0.05).The SPIO-DOX-LIP group exhibited the lowest serum DOX level at all time points up to 120 minutes after embolization (P＜0.05).However,the tissue DOX level in the SPIO-DOX-LIP group was the highest among all groups at day 7 (P＜0.05).The SPIO-DOX group and SPIO-DOX-LIP group showed significantly lower MRI signal intensity of tumors in T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) at day 7.Meanwhile DOX-LIP group and SPIO-DOX-LIP group showed that high-density lipiodol was deposited in the tumors in CT images.Histopathologic findings showed an almost complete central necrosis coagulation of tumors in the SPIO-DOX-LIP group,and the tumor necrosis percentage and tumor apoptosis index were significantly increased in the SPIO-DOX-LIP group compared to those in other 3 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion:This novel drug-delivery system of SPIO nano-drug carrier together with LIP is safe and feasible when it is used for transhepatic arterial embolization for liver tumor.It provides an excellent MR and CT visualization and improves the therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of rabbit VX2 liver tumor.

Objective To explore the effect ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and p16,FHIT gene CpG island methylation,as well as their interaction in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias.Methods Objects of this study were from a cohort of cervical lesions study in Yangqu county of Shanxi province.All the patients were diagnosed pathologically,that including 83 patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ),86 patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (C1N Ⅰ) and another 91 women under normal cervical (NC) condition.1-hydroxy pyrene in the urine was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)while CpG island methylation status of tumor suppressor gene p16 and FHIT were measured by methylation-specifc polymerase chain reaction (MSP).Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis H test,chi-square test and trend of chi-square test.Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95％ confidence intervals (95％CI) between influencing factors and the cervical disease by using the SPSS statistical software (version 20.0).The interaction under study was evaluated by using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model.Results Level of 1-hydroxy pyrene (H=50.743,P＜0.001) and the high exposure rate of 1-hydroxy pyrene (trend x2=20.146,P＜0.001) were gradually increasing along with the severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.The CpG island methylation rates ofpl6,FHIT in CIN] and CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲl group were higher than that in NC group,and gradually increasing along with the severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (trend x2=9.75,P=0.002;trend x 2 =10.39,P=0.001).Results from the GMDR model showed that interaction existed among the high exposure of l-hydroxy pyrene and the CpG island methylation ofpl6,FHIT in CIN Ⅰ and CIN Ⅱ]/Ⅲ group.Conclusion Under the high exposure of 1-hydroxy pyrene and the CpG island methylation of p16,FHIT appeared to have increased the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and causing synergistic effect in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Objective To explore the effect of Src on cervical cancer cells through ERK signal transduction pathway.Methods Experimental study was carried out in vitro.Cervical cancer cell lines Hela (HPV-positive) and C33A (HPV-negative) were treated with Src kinase inhibitor PP2.Then,the cell cycle and apoptosis of each group were evaluated by using flow cytometry (FCM).Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to detect the levels of the expression of ERK 1/2,c-Fos and c-Jun mRNA and protein respectively.The database was established and analyzed with SPSS statistical software (version 20.0).Results After down-regulating Src,the cell proliferation was inhibited and cell apoptosis was induced.The proportions of G0/G 1 stage of Hela and C33A cell in cell cycle increased while G2/M and S stages decreased.Meanwhile,the mRNA levels of ERK 1,ERK 2,c-Fos and c-Jun increased.And the expression levels of ERK 1/2,phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2)and phosphorylated c-Fos (p-c-Fos) protein decreased,while c-Jun and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun)protein expression increased.In addtion,the change level of Hela cell,p-ERK 1/2 and c-Fos protein were lower than that of C33A cell before and after the Src inhibition.Conclusions Src,involved in regulating the expression of key factors of the ERK signal transduction pathway including p-ERK 1/2 and p-c-Fos,might be capable of promoting the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and inhibiting their apoptosis.The infection with HPV might have adjustable effect on this process.

Objective: To investigate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 early genes E2 and E6 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) E2 and their interaction effects in the progression of the cervical cancer. Methods: Women with normal cervix (NC), low cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅰ) and high cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ) from the cervical lesions cohort in Jiexiu County of Shanxi Province from June 2014 to September 2014, and patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in the same period were enrolled in this study. There were 257 participants, about 67 NC cases (26.07%), 69 CIN Ⅰ cases (26.85%), 68 CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ cases (26.46%), and 53 SCC cases (20.62%), respectively. The information of demographic characteristics, life health habits and cervical lesions were collected by using the structured questionnaire. Cervical exfoliated cells and cervical biopsy tissues were collected to detect the infection of HPV16 and the protein expression levels of hnRNP E2, HPV16 E2 and E6. According to the median-value of the protein expression levels of hnRNP E2, HPV16 E2 and E6 and E2/E6 ratio in the NC group, the study participants were divided into the high and low expression groups/ratio groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between HPV16 early gene E2 and E6, hnRNP E2 and cervical cancer. The interaction effect was analyzed by using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model. Results: The ages of NC, CIN Ⅰ, CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ and SCC groups were (47.00±9.07), (47.64±7.35), (46.37±8.67) and (51.26±8.03) years old, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that the HPV16 E2 low expression, E6 high expression and E2/E6 low ratio could increase the risk of CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ, about OR (95%CI) values 11.11 (1.63-75.56), 8.00 (1.28-50.04), and 9.75 (1.22-77.72), respectively and SCC, about OR (95%CI) values 14.22 (2.11-95.88), 10.33 (1.67-64.00), and 12.38 (1.56-97.91), respectively. The hnRNP E2 low expression could increase the risk of CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ and SCC, about OR (95%CI) values 3.35 (1.39-8.10) and 5.53 (1.54-19.88). The result of GMDR showed that there were interaction effects of the hnRNP E2 low expression, HPV16 E2 low expression and HPV16 E6 high expression in both CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ and SCC groups. Conclusion The HPV16 E2 low expression, HPV16 E6 high expression and hnRNP E2 low expression could increase the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, and they might have an important interaction effect in the progression of the cervical cancer.