Cerebralischemiacaninducecelnecrosisincoreoftheinfarction,andapoptosisinthe ischemic penumbra. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathw ays are activated after cerebral ischemia, causing programmed cel death, including apoptosis. This article review s the relationship betw een the MAPKs signaling family and neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment on eczema for providing the objective and reliable evaluation.Methods Cochrane systematic review methods were adopted.The author searched data in the VIP database(1987～2009),Qing Hua Tong Fang database(1997～2009),and China Academic Journals' Full-text Database(CNKJ)(1997～2009)concerned on acupuncture treatment of eczema and evaluated by RCT. Odds ratio(OR) and 95%confidence interval(95%C1)were used as the statistic efficacy for analysis.The quality of the papers was analyzed according to the four quality evaluation criteria in Cochrane Handbook and then meta-analysis(Meta)by RevMan4.2.2 software.Results There were 19 relevant Papers of randomized controlled trials(RCT)and non-randomized controlled trial (CCT)met the included criteria Meta analysis showed that there were statistically significant difference between acupuncture and conventional treatment of eczema.Conclusion Acupuncture treatment can improve the efficiency and reduce the recurrence rate of eczema.However,due to relatively low methodological trial adopted in these included papers,more scientific clinical trial designs were expected for provided high quality papers used for statistical analysis.

Autophagy and apoptosis are two kinds of important ways of neuronal death in cerebral ischemia.The interaction of both in ischemic penumbra may alleviate or aggravate cerebral ischemic injury.This article reviews the role of autophagy and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and their potential regulating mechanisms of interaction.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenxiong injection on the changes of brain X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) gene expression following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and to investigate its neuroprotective effect and mechanisms. Methods One hundred forty-four male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham-operation, saline control and Shenxiong groups. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced using the suture method. Shenxiong injection 33.3 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally during the reperfusion in the Shenxiong group. The same volume of saline was injected intraperitoneally in the saline control group. The animals were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after the reperfusion.Meanwhile, immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used respectively to detect the expressions of XBP1 protein and mRNA in the cerebral ischemic areas. TUNEL was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. Results The levels of XBP1 protein and mRNA increased after the reperfusion, and it reached the peak at 12 hours; both the numbers of apoptotic cells and neurological scores in the Shenxiong group were lower than those in the saline control group at 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after the reperfusion (all P ＜0.01); the levels of XBP1 and mRNA at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the reperfusion were alsosignificantly lower than those in the saline control group (all P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Shenxiong injection may have certain inhibition on the endoplasmic reticulum stress activated XBP1 pathway induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To investigate the correlation between minimum apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC) values and consistency of intracranial meningiomas of different parts and nature, providing radiographic evidence of selection for surgical approach. Methods The routine MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging imaging (DWI), ADC maps and ADC value of 23 patients (25 cases) who were confirmed as men-ingiomas through surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the surgical findings and pathology results. Results ADC values in meningiomas with a hard consistency were significantly lower than those with a soft consistency. Meningiomas with low mini-mum ADC were considered to have a hard consistency. Conclusion The consistency of meningiomas is an important factor in developing the strategy of surgical resection and predicting the degree of removal. The minimum ADC value might have clinical use as a predictor of menin-gioma consistency.

Objective To investigate chemokine receptor CX3CR1 gene T280M polymorphism in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD) and its frequency.Methods 165 patients with ICVD(cerebral infarction 85 cases,lacunar infarction 40 cases,transient ischemic attack 40 cases) and 150 age- and sex-matched healthy controls(normal control group) were involved in this study.The polymorphism of T280M was analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length based(PCR-RFLB),the gene frequency was compared between two groups and each ICVD subgroups.Results There were TT and TM genotypes in normal control group,and TT,TM and MM genotypes in ICVD group.The genotype were significant differences between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusions There is MM genotype in the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 gene T280M in the patients with ICVD,and their M allele frequency obviously increase.It suggests that CX3CR1 gene T280M polymorphism may be associated with ICVD.

Objective To investigate the expression of C/EBP homology protein(CHOP) in rat brain tissue after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,as well as to observe the influence of the shenxiong injection on the expression of CHOP.Methods One hundred forty four male rats were randomly divided into three groups:the sham-operation group,operation group,shenxiong group.Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rat models were established by using suture.Zea Longa method was introduced to evaluate neurologic behavioral changes.The levels of mRNA and protein of CHOP were measured with methods of immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.The neuronal apoptosis was detected by the method of terminal deoxynucleotidy1 transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling.Results The expression of CHOP was up-regulated in per-infarction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.CHOP mRNA and protein levels peaked at the 12th h and 24th h after reperfusion,respectively.The apoptosis cell counting increased gradually after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and peaked at the 24th h after reperfusion.Compared with the saline control group,treatment with shenxiong injection could reduce the neuronal apoptosis at the 6th,12th,24th,and 72nd h after reperfusion (P ＜0.01).Compared with the saline control group,treatment with shenxiong injection could decrease CHOP mRNA and protein expression at the 6th,12th,24th,and 72nd h after reperfusion (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Shenxiong Injection may prevent neurocyte from apoptosis by inhibition of the expression of CHOP induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To explore parkin gene deletion mutations at exons 3 to 7 in Chinese familial patients with Parkinson's disease as well as the association with the clinical features.Methods DNA was extracted from 6 unrelated families of PD patients; the deletion mutations of parkin gene at exons 3 to 7 were identified by PCR amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis. and the clinical data were analyzed together with the above information.Results In the 6 unrelated families of PD patients, 1 case had exon 5 deletion, its hereditary manner was autosomal recessive inheritance,the patient's age at the onset was 60 years old,clinical feature was tremor,rigidity and bradykinesia,but no athetosis.In addition the deletion mutations of parkin gene at exons 3,4,6,7 were not found.Conclusion There are deletion mutations of parkin gene at exons 5 in families PD of Chinese patients.

Objective To study the changes of plasma interleukin-13 (IL-13) in patients with acute cerebral stroke and its effects in the cerebral inflammatory reactions. Methods The levels of plasma IL-13 measured in 50 patients with acute cerebral infarction (CI group) and in 30 patients with cerebral hemorrhage (CH group) using enzyme-linked immunoabsordent assay(ELISA) were compared to the control A (with the risk factors of stroke) and control B (normal group).Results As compared with the controls (control A: 28.0?3.2; control B: 26.4?2.7), the levels of plasma IL-13(pg/ml) were increased in three periods in the CI group (37.6?6.2;45.2?10.1;41.3?8.3) and CH group (36.6?4.9;45.3?8.9,38.1?5.6) ( P

Objective To investigate the probable pathologic basis of amido proton transfer(APT) imaging by analysing APT signal intensity and pathologic features of different grades of glioma.Methods Twenty-eight patients with glioma confirmed by postoperative pathology underwent APT scan.All the patients were divided into two groups,including 11 cases in low grade (WHO Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and 17 cases in high grade (WHO Ⅲ and Ⅳ) group.The APT rate of tumor core was measured.The specimens were processed with routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 and CD34.Independent-samples t test was used to detect the difference of APT rate,cellularity,microvessel density and Ki-67 labeling indices of tumor core between low grade and high grade group.Pearson correlation analysis and multi-variable linear regression analysis were used to detect the relationship of APT rate with cellularity,microvessel density and Ki-67 labeling indices of the tumor core.Results The APT rate,cellularity and proliferation index were (2.3±0.6) ％,(9.4±2.4) ％ and (14.2±5.4) ％ in low grade group,while (3.6±0.7) ％,(18.4±4.7) ％ and (31.7±4.5) ％ in high grade group,respectively.Microvessel density was (19.0±7.4) per high-power field in low grade group and (38.9±11.3) in high grade group.There were statistical differences of the APT rate,cellularity,microvessel density and proliferation index between the low grade group and the high grade group (t=-4.94,-5.89,-5.13,and-9.28,respectively,P＜0.01).The APT rate was positive correlated with cellularity,microvessel density and proliferation index.The coefficient of correlation were 0.904,0.598,and 0.750,respectively,(P＜0.01).Multiple linear correlative analysis showed that increasing cellularity (X1),microvessel density (X2) and proliferation index (X3) were the main factors for increasing APT rate,and the correlation equation was Y=0.801 + 0.12X1-0.003X2 + 0.026X3 (F=46.437,P＜0.01,R2=0.853).Conclusions The APT signal intensity of the tumor core could reflect the pathologic features of glioma.The APT rate was positive correlated with cellularity,microvessel density and proliferation index,which indicate the higher APT rate the higher grade tumor.