Cerebralischemiacaninducecelnecrosisincoreoftheinfarction,andapoptosisinthe ischemic penumbra. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathw ays are activated after cerebral ischemia, causing programmed cel death, including apoptosis. This article review s the relationship betw een the MAPKs signaling family and neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of vertebra pedical nail strengthened by bone cement.Methods 48 cases with vertebral illness were divided into two groups,each group of 24 cases.One group goes ahead of the restvertebra pedical nail dishpour into viscous polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA),another group fixed by regular vertebra pedical nail.VAS score,spinal stability and JOA score were adopted to evaluate curative effect synthetically.Results After 1 month,6 months,12 months,the VAS scores in the treatment group were(3.12 ± 1.65),(3.08 ±1.10),(3.09 ± 1.25),and the VAS scores in the control group were(4.31 ±2.13),(4.22 ± 1.48),(4.12 ±1.34),the VAS scores had statistically significant differences between the two groups postoperative 1 month,6months,12 months(t =2.15,2.08,1.97,all P＜0.05);after 1 month,6 months,12 months JOA scores in the treatment group were(26.76 ±4.36),(26.78 ±2.10),(26.96 ± 1.89),and JOA scores in the control group were (24.13 ± 5.28),(24.32 ± 1.68),(24.32 ± 1.99),the JOA score differences had statistically significances between the two groups(x2 =5.031,P ＜0.05);the excellent rates of the treatment group was 90.13％,which was higher than 85.01％ of the control group(t =3.54,3.39,3.56,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patients receiving vertebra pedical nail strengthened by bone cement was better than regular vertebra pedical nail skill.

Objective To evaluate the significance of COLD-PCR in detecting KRAS mutation of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer patients. Methods First, set up COLD-PCR and compared the sensitivities of COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing with PCR/Sanger sequencing using mixed cell lines ( KRAS wild-type cell line SW116 and KRAS mutant cell line SW480).Then, detected KRAS mutation of 20 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of pancreatic cancer and 39 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of colorectal cancer using PCR/Sanger sequencing and COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing, respectively and compared the coincidence rate and consistency. Results The low detection limits of PCR/Sanger respectively. KRAS frequency detected by COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing [75% (15/20)] in 20 cases of pancreatic cancer was higher than that detected by regular PCR/Sanger sequencing [40% ( 8/20 ) ,x2 =5.013, P < 0.05]. KRAS frequency detected by COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing [44% (17/39)] in 39 cases of colorectal cancer was higher than that detected by regular PCR/Sanger sequencing [31% (12/39) ,x2 =1. 372, P = 0. 174]. The coincidence rate of these two methods was 0. 730 and the difference had no statistical significance. The coincidence rate of detecting KRAS mutation was 65% in pancreatic cancer and the results showed a good correlation between two methods and the two methods had bad agreement in diagnosis (Kappa = 0. 364, P < 0. 05 ). COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing could detect more cases of KRAS mutations from pancreatic caner than regular PCR/Sanger sequencing. This was because there were many non-tumor cells in pancreatic tumor tissue and COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing was more sensitive than regular PCR/Sanger sequencing. The coincidence rate of detecting KRAS mutations was 87% in colorectal cancer and the results were showed a good correlation between two methods and the two methods had substantical agreement in diagonsis ( Kappa = 0. 730, P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing is highly sensitive to screen KRAS mutation in pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer patients.

Objective To compare the default mode network (DMN) between patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and healthy controls (HCs).Methods Included for this study were 30 GERD patients who were treated at Department of Digestive Diseases,Zhujiang Hospital from September 2016 to December 2017 and contemporary 49 HCs who received health examination at the out-patient department.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted for the 2 groups.Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were used to study significant alterations in their DMN.Results Compared with the HCs,the GERD patients demonstrated the following alterations:the ReHo values were significantly decreased in bilateral superior temporal gyri,middle temporal gyri and dorsal anterior cingulate cortexes (dACC) but significantly increased in bilateral medial prefrontal lobes,dorsal anterior cingutates,posterior cingulates,precunei,and angular gyri;the fALFF value was increased in bilateral dACC and precunei but decreased in the paracentral lobules (P＜0.05).Conjunction analyses using both ReHo and fALFF values of their DMN showed the overlapping activated brain regions lied in the paracentral lobules,dACC and precunei.The fALFF values in the paracentral lobules and the dACC of the GERD patients were negatively correlated with their disease course (r=-0.380,P=0.035;r=-0.375,P=0.041) while the ReHo values in the superior temporal gyri of the GERD patients were also negatively correlated with their disease course (r=-0.446,P=0.016).Conclusion In GERD patients,their DMN might undergo dysfunctional changes because of the abnormal activity of DMN which may be correlated with their disorder of visceral sensation.

Objective:To clarify the infection and epidemic characteristics of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Chinese patients with febrile respiratory syndrome (FRS), and to provide important baseline data for clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of HMPV-induced respiratory tract diseases in China.Methods:FRS cases from January 2009 to June 2021 in 9 provinces in China, including Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Anhui, Guangdong, Hunan were retrospectively analyzed for their respiratory samples, clinical and epidemic data.The respiratory samples were detected for HMPV by quantitative real-time PCR.Results:A total of 11 660 cases were tested for HMPV, involving 296 (2.54%) HMPV-positive cases.Among 296 HMPV-positive cases, 218 were single HMPV infection, and 78/296 (26.35%) were co-infected with one or more respiratory viruses.HMPV mainly affected children under 5 years of age (3.10%), and in this population, the proportion of pneumonia in HMPV co-infection cases was significantly higher than that of single HMPV infection.HMPV could be detected all year round, which was more popular in winter and spring, with the peak of HMPV epidemic in March.Conclusions:HMPV is one of the important pathogens causing acute respiratory infection in children, showing a clear seasonal epidemic.HMPV can be infected alone or in combination with other respiratory viruses, which may increase the risk of pneumonia in children.