Cerebralischemiacaninducecelnecrosisincoreoftheinfarction,andapoptosisinthe ischemic penumbra. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathw ays are activated after cerebral ischemia, causing programmed cel death, including apoptosis. This article review s the relationship betw een the MAPKs signaling family and neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of vertebra pedical nail strengthened by bone cement.Methods 48 cases with vertebral illness were divided into two groups,each group of 24 cases.One group goes ahead of the restvertebra pedical nail dishpour into viscous polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA),another group fixed by regular vertebra pedical nail.VAS score,spinal stability and JOA score were adopted to evaluate curative effect synthetically.Results After 1 month,6 months,12 months,the VAS scores in the treatment group were(3.12 ± 1.65),(3.08 ±1.10),(3.09 ± 1.25),and the VAS scores in the control group were(4.31 ±2.13),(4.22 ± 1.48),(4.12 ±1.34),the VAS scores had statistically significant differences between the two groups postoperative 1 month,6months,12 months(t =2.15,2.08,1.97,all P＜0.05);after 1 month,6 months,12 months JOA scores in the treatment group were(26.76 ±4.36),(26.78 ±2.10),(26.96 ± 1.89),and JOA scores in the control group were (24.13 ± 5.28),(24.32 ± 1.68),(24.32 ± 1.99),the JOA score differences had statistically significances between the two groups(x2 =5.031,P ＜0.05);the excellent rates of the treatment group was 90.13％,which was higher than 85.01％ of the control group(t =3.54,3.39,3.56,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patients receiving vertebra pedical nail strengthened by bone cement was better than regular vertebra pedical nail skill.

Objective To evaluate the significance of COLD-PCR in detecting KRAS mutation of pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer patients. Methods First, set up COLD-PCR and compared the sensitivities of COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing with PCR/Sanger sequencing using mixed cell lines ( KRAS wild-type cell line SW116 and KRAS mutant cell line SW480).Then, detected KRAS mutation of 20 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of pancreatic cancer and 39 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of colorectal cancer using PCR/Sanger sequencing and COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing, respectively and compared the coincidence rate and consistency. Results The low detection limits of PCR/Sanger respectively. KRAS frequency detected by COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing [75% (15/20)] in 20 cases of pancreatic cancer was higher than that detected by regular PCR/Sanger sequencing [40% ( 8/20 ) ,x2 =5.013, P < 0.05]. KRAS frequency detected by COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing [44% (17/39)] in 39 cases of colorectal cancer was higher than that detected by regular PCR/Sanger sequencing [31% (12/39) ,x2 =1. 372, P = 0. 174]. The coincidence rate of these two methods was 0. 730 and the difference had no statistical significance. The coincidence rate of detecting KRAS mutation was 65% in pancreatic cancer and the results showed a good correlation between two methods and the two methods had bad agreement in diagnosis (Kappa = 0. 364, P < 0. 05 ). COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing could detect more cases of KRAS mutations from pancreatic caner than regular PCR/Sanger sequencing. This was because there were many non-tumor cells in pancreatic tumor tissue and COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing was more sensitive than regular PCR/Sanger sequencing. The coincidence rate of detecting KRAS mutations was 87% in colorectal cancer and the results were showed a good correlation between two methods and the two methods had substantical agreement in diagonsis ( Kappa = 0. 730, P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion COLD-PCR/Sanger sequencing is highly sensitive to screen KRAS mutation in pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer patients.

Objective:To understand the infection status and molecular types of rhinovirus (RV) among cases of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in Luohe City, Henan Province, from 2017 to 2022.Methods:From October 2017 to June 2022, clinical and epidemiological data were collected from 2 270 cases of ARIs at Luohe Central Hospital in Henan Province. Throat swab specimens were obtained from these cases. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to screen for RV-positive specimens. Subsequently, the positive samples were subjected to nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) to amplify the full-length VP1 region. Using the MEGA software, along with 169 RV reference strains recommended by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine RV types.Results:Among the 2 270 cases of ARIs, there were 1 283 male cases (56.52%). The median age ( Q 1, Q 3) was 3 (1, 6) years, with the population under 5 years old accounting for 68.59% (1 557/2 270). RV was detected in 137 cases (6.04%), of which 68 cases (49.64%) showed co-detection with other viruses, with the most common being co-detection with enterovirus, accounting for 14.60% (20/137). The RV detection rates in the age groups of 0-4 years, 5-14 years, 15-59 years, and≥60 years were 6.42% (100/1 557), 4.69% (21/448), 3.80% (6/158), and 9.35% (10/107), respectively, with no statistically significant differences ( χ2=5.310, P=0.150). The overall detection rates of RV before (2017-2019) and during (2020-2022) the COVID-19 pandemic showed no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.823, P=0.177). A total of 109 VP1 sequences were obtained, including 62 types. Among them, RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C had 42, 3, and 17 types respectively. Conclusion:RV is one of the predominant pathogens in ARIs cases in Luohe City, Henan Province, from 2017 to 2022. Multiple types of RV co-circulate without any apparent dominant type.

Objective:To understand the infection status and molecular types of rhinovirus (RV) among cases of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in Luohe City, Henan Province, from 2017 to 2022.Methods:From October 2017 to June 2022, clinical and epidemiological data were collected from 2 270 cases of ARIs at Luohe Central Hospital in Henan Province. Throat swab specimens were obtained from these cases. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to screen for RV-positive specimens. Subsequently, the positive samples were subjected to nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) to amplify the full-length VP1 region. Using the MEGA software, along with 169 RV reference strains recommended by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine RV types.Results:Among the 2 270 cases of ARIs, there were 1 283 male cases (56.52%). The median age ( Q 1, Q 3) was 3 (1, 6) years, with the population under 5 years old accounting for 68.59% (1 557/2 270). RV was detected in 137 cases (6.04%), of which 68 cases (49.64%) showed co-detection with other viruses, with the most common being co-detection with enterovirus, accounting for 14.60% (20/137). The RV detection rates in the age groups of 0-4 years, 5-14 years, 15-59 years, and≥60 years were 6.42% (100/1 557), 4.69% (21/448), 3.80% (6/158), and 9.35% (10/107), respectively, with no statistically significant differences ( χ2=5.310, P=0.150). The overall detection rates of RV before (2017-2019) and during (2020-2022) the COVID-19 pandemic showed no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.823, P=0.177). A total of 109 VP1 sequences were obtained, including 62 types. Among them, RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C had 42, 3, and 17 types respectively. Conclusion:RV is one of the predominant pathogens in ARIs cases in Luohe City, Henan Province, from 2017 to 2022. Multiple types of RV co-circulate without any apparent dominant type.

Objective To compare the default mode network (DMN) between patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and healthy controls (HCs).Methods Included for this study were 30 GERD patients who were treated at Department of Digestive Diseases,Zhujiang Hospital from September 2016 to December 2017 and contemporary 49 HCs who received health examination at the out-patient department.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted for the 2 groups.Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were used to study significant alterations in their DMN.Results Compared with the HCs,the GERD patients demonstrated the following alterations:the ReHo values were significantly decreased in bilateral superior temporal gyri,middle temporal gyri and dorsal anterior cingulate cortexes (dACC) but significantly increased in bilateral medial prefrontal lobes,dorsal anterior cingutates,posterior cingulates,precunei,and angular gyri;the fALFF value was increased in bilateral dACC and precunei but decreased in the paracentral lobules (P＜0.05).Conjunction analyses using both ReHo and fALFF values of their DMN showed the overlapping activated brain regions lied in the paracentral lobules,dACC and precunei.The fALFF values in the paracentral lobules and the dACC of the GERD patients were negatively correlated with their disease course (r=-0.380,P=0.035;r=-0.375,P=0.041) while the ReHo values in the superior temporal gyri of the GERD patients were also negatively correlated with their disease course (r=-0.446,P=0.016).Conclusion In GERD patients,their DMN might undergo dysfunctional changes because of the abnormal activity of DMN which may be correlated with their disorder of visceral sensation.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of viral pathogen spectrum and the epidemiological characteristics of each viral pathogen in hospitalized cases associated with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2019.Methods:Based the SARI Case Surveillance Platform, SARI cases were collected in Central Hospital of Luohe City, Henan Province from November 2017 to February 2019. In the end, 783 SARI cases were included, whose throat swabs were taken within 24 h of admission, as well as their demographic characteristics, onset time, clinical characteristics and other information recorded. At the same time, viral identification was performed, and the age and time distribution of each virus were analyzed.Results:The age of 783 SARI cases shown as M ( P 25, P 75) was 3 (1, 5) years old, ranging from 1 month to 95 years old. Children under 5 years old were the majority (71.01%). The males (61.81%) were more than females (38.18%). Among the 783 SARI cases, a total of 9 kind of viruses were identified with 64.88% (508/783) of the throat swabs tested positive for at least one virus. The positive rate of influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus were both 20.18% (158 cases), which was the highest among all the detected respiratory virus. The co-infection rate was 15.84% (124/783), among which double infection was the most common, accounting for 85.48% (106/124) of the co-infected cases. And human respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus and influenza virus were the most common pathogen in co-infection cases. Moreover, the viral positive rate was 68.71% in children aged 5 years and 63.27% in people aged 60-95 years. Influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus dominated in winter and spring, while human parainfluenza virus was the main infection in summer. Conclusion:Influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses in throat swabs of SARI cases from 2017 to 2019 in Luohe City, Henan Province. There were differences in the age and seasonal epidemiological characteristics of each virus.

This study focuses on the cases(mainly characterized by respiratory symptoms such as cough, runny nose, fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion)of an outbreak of upper respiratory tract infections in a kindergarten in Jingyuan County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, in May 2023. The epidemiological data were collected, and pharyngeal swab specimens were also obtained from the patients. The specimens of the research participants were subjected to respiratory multi-pathogen testing, and the positive specimens were further analyzed by sequencing the second hypervariable region (HRV2) of the G gene of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and constructing a phylogenetic tree. A total of 90 patients were collected, with an incidence rate of 22.84% (90/394), and the highest incidence was observed in the junior class group at 29.55%. Among the 17 pharyngeal swab specimens collected, 16 specimens were identified with the A subtype of respiratory syncytial virus. Sequencing analysis confirmed that it was the A subtype ON1 genotype. Based on the aforementioned testing results, it can be concluded that the current epidemic was primarily caused by infection with the A subtype of respiratory syncytial virus. Following the implementation of intervention measures, the epidemic has been effectively controlled.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of viral pathogen spectrum and the epidemiological characteristics of each viral pathogen in hospitalized cases associated with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2019.Methods:Based the SARI Case Surveillance Platform, SARI cases were collected in Central Hospital of Luohe City, Henan Province from November 2017 to February 2019. In the end, 783 SARI cases were included, whose throat swabs were taken within 24 h of admission, as well as their demographic characteristics, onset time, clinical characteristics and other information recorded. At the same time, viral identification was performed, and the age and time distribution of each virus were analyzed.Results:The age of 783 SARI cases shown as M ( P 25, P 75) was 3 (1, 5) years old, ranging from 1 month to 95 years old. Children under 5 years old were the majority (71.01%). The males (61.81%) were more than females (38.18%). Among the 783 SARI cases, a total of 9 kind of viruses were identified with 64.88% (508/783) of the throat swabs tested positive for at least one virus. The positive rate of influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus were both 20.18% (158 cases), which was the highest among all the detected respiratory virus. The co-infection rate was 15.84% (124/783), among which double infection was the most common, accounting for 85.48% (106/124) of the co-infected cases. And human respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus and influenza virus were the most common pathogen in co-infection cases. Moreover, the viral positive rate was 68.71% in children aged 5 years and 63.27% in people aged 60-95 years. Influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus dominated in winter and spring, while human parainfluenza virus was the main infection in summer. Conclusion:Influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses in throat swabs of SARI cases from 2017 to 2019 in Luohe City, Henan Province. There were differences in the age and seasonal epidemiological characteristics of each virus.

This study focuses on the cases(mainly characterized by respiratory symptoms such as cough, runny nose, fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion)of an outbreak of upper respiratory tract infections in a kindergarten in Jingyuan County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, in May 2023. The epidemiological data were collected, and pharyngeal swab specimens were also obtained from the patients. The specimens of the research participants were subjected to respiratory multi-pathogen testing, and the positive specimens were further analyzed by sequencing the second hypervariable region (HRV2) of the G gene of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and constructing a phylogenetic tree. A total of 90 patients were collected, with an incidence rate of 22.84% (90/394), and the highest incidence was observed in the junior class group at 29.55%. Among the 17 pharyngeal swab specimens collected, 16 specimens were identified with the A subtype of respiratory syncytial virus. Sequencing analysis confirmed that it was the A subtype ON1 genotype. Based on the aforementioned testing results, it can be concluded that the current epidemic was primarily caused by infection with the A subtype of respiratory syncytial virus. Following the implementation of intervention measures, the epidemic has been effectively controlled.