AIM: To study the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of ganglioside GM1 on neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS: A rat model of neonatal HIE was established, then the pathological changes and expressions of glutamate and EAAC1 glutamate transporter in the brain tissues were investigated in different periods after hypoxia ischemia (HI) and the subsequent changes of the above results after GM1 administrated were studied too. RESULTS: The damages of the brain by exposed to HI were alleviated remarkably after GM1 administrated. The levels of glutamate neuron expressions in the brain tissue decreased after HI but EAAC1 increased. GM1 could partly prevent glutamate neuron reduction induced by HI and increase EAAC1 expression. CONCLUSION: GM1 may have some protective effects on glutamate neuron in neonatal HIE, and the possible mechanism is related to the partial increasing of EAAC1 expression.

Objective To explore the significance of ischemic ST-segment depression during supraventricular tachycardia in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease(CAD).Methods From 1992 to 2008,65 patients with supraventricular tachycardia without clinical evidence of CAD in were divided into 2 groups:Group A included 48 cases with ischemic ST-segment depression during supraventricular tachycardia.Group B consisted of 17 cases with non-ischemic ST-segment depression.Group A was divide into 5 groups according to the age.They all underwent coronary angiography.Results 23(47.92%) of 48 cases in Group A had CAD,while none in Group B(P

AIM: To study the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of ganglioside GM 1 on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy(HIE). METHODS: A rat model of neonatal HIE was established, then the pathological changes and expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the brain tissues were investigated in different periods after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and the subseqent changes of the above results after GM 1 administrated. RESULTS: The damage of the brain exposed to HI were alleviated significantly after GM 1 administrated. The levels of NOS expressions in the brain tissue increased after HI. GM 1 could inhibit NOS expressions induced by HI. CONCLUSION: GM 1 may have some protective effects on neonatal HIE, and the possible mechanism is related to the partial inhibition of NOS expression.

Objective To survey on satisfaction degree of preventive medicine undergraduates on tutorial system and to improve the effects of tutorial system.Methods Totally 73 students of preventive medicine,who would graduate in 2012,were asked to fill the questionnaires by themselves.Main contents of questionnaires include effects,satisfaction score,expectations and reality benefits,requirements for the tutors and problems of the tutorial system.Chi-square was used to test the differences between expectations and reality benefits and the significance level was set as P ＜ 0.05.Results More than half of the students thought that the effect of tutorial system was general while 43.8％students thought good and excellent.Percentages of satisfaction score over 50,over 80 and over 90 were 75.3％,41.1％ and 12.3％,respectively.Statistical analysis shown that the real benefits from research activities were more than expectation (P ＜ 0.001),while the real benefits from tutor's academic encouragement,job guidance and life values were lower than expectation (P =0.026,P =0.003,P =0.010).Students expected to have more opportunities with the professors in the future.However,there were 17.8％ students hardly attended the activities of tutorial system,in which lack of understanding of tutorial system was the main reason and without enough time was another reason.Conclusions Students basically satisfies with tutorial system and the satisfaction degree needs to be improved.Roles of tutorial system should be fully strengthened by the management department,tutors and students.

Objective To study the locations, types and causes of different pseudoaneurysms in order to find out the optimal individualized treatment for different pseudoaneurysms. Methods Different methods were applied in treating 21 patients with pseudoaneurysm, which were located at limb (n = 11 ), spleen (n =3), kidney (n = 2) , common lilac artery (n = 1), internal iliac artery (n = 1), gallbladder (n = 1) and penis (n = 1 ). Different managements were employed in treating these pseudoaneurysms. Temporary obstruction of blood circulation with balloon together with arterial anastomosis or direct incision neoplasty was performed in 9 cases with pseudoaneurysms at limb arteries close to the larger joints. Endovascular stent graft was used to isolate the trunk type of pseudoaneurysm in 4 cases, in 2 of them branch arterial embolism and stent graft endovascular exclusion were applied as they had common iliae artery trunk type of pseudoaneurysm at the opening of internal iliac artery. Gelfoam together with metallic coils embolization was employed in 6 cases with terminal type of pseudoaneurysms. Results After different treatments, tumor cavities disappeared in the 21 cases with pseudoaneurysms. Distal arterial pulse returned to normal and no nerve damage occurred in 11 cases with limb pseudoaneurysms. No internal hemorrhage was observed and distal blood circulation returned to normal after graft endovascular exclusion in 2 eases with pseudoaneurysms at spleen artery trunk and in 2 cases with pseudoaneurysms at iliac artery trunk. In 6 cases with terminal type of pseudoaneurysms,the tumor cavity disappeared, hemorrhage stopped and no ischemic necrosis of organ occurred. But one of them with multiple traumatic pseudoaneurysms located at the second grade branch died one week after embolism due to a serious pelvic trauma accompanied with serious infection. Conclusion Based on the locations, types and causes of pseudoaneurysms, different individualized treatment should be adopted in order to obtain optimal results with least damages.

Objective To investigate the specific humoral immune response and cellular immune response induced by DNA vaccine with Neisseria gonorrhoeae porin B (PorB) fused with B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) in mice. Methods Target genes of porB, ltB and ltB-porB were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1(-). The recombinants were identified by PCR, enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing.The vectors were transfected into Hela cells, and expressed proteins were checked by cytoimmunofluorescence. Female BALB/c mice were intranasally immunized with recombination vectors. The humoral immune response and cellular immune response were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. The expressions of recombination vectors in intranasal mucosal tissues of the immunized mice were detected by immunohistochemistry. The means between groups were compared by analysis of variance. Results All the three recombinants were expressed in Hela cells and intranasal mucosal tissues. The PorB specific IgG in serum and sIgA in vaginal secretions in DNA vaccine immunized mice were significantly higher than those in controls (P＜0.01 ; P＜0.05). Moreover, the sIgA level in pcDNA3.1 (-)/ltB-porB group was higher than that in peDNA3, 1(-)/porB group (P＝0. 002). The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the supernatants and stimulation index (SI) of spleen lymphocyte culture in pcDNA3, 1(-)/porB group were (170.04±23.89) pg/mL, (114.68±14.27) pg/mL and 1. 68±0.19, respectively; and those in pcDNA3, 1(-)/ltB-porB group were (161.42±27.50) pg/mL, (124.16±19.04) pg/mL and 1.73±0.28, respectively; which were both higher than those in pcDNA3.1(-)/ phosphate buffered saliae (PBS) group (P＜0. 01; P＜0.05) and pcDNA3.1 (-)/ltB group (all P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference between pcDNA3.1 (-)/ltB-porB group and pcDNA3. 1 (-)/porB group (0. 998, 0. 696, 0. 994; all P＞0.05). Conclusions The constructed DNA vaccines are all successfully expressed in Hela cells and murine intranasal mucosal tissues. The mucosal immunization of the vaccines [pcDNA3. 1 (- )/porB and pcDNA3.1 ( -)/ltBporB] could induce humoral immune response and cellular immune response, especially mucosal immune response. It is confirmed that mucosal adjuvant LTB could promote PorB to induce higher level of mucosal immune response in mice.

OBJECTIVETo analyze clinical features and mutations of EFEMP1 gene in a Chinese pedigree with familial dominant drusen.

METHODSClinical features of the pedigree were studied with fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. Molecular genetic analysis was performed on the patients and unaffected individuals from the family. All coding exons of the EFEMP1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The results were compared with wild-type sequences from NCBI. The proband who had suffered from choroidal neovascularization and preretinal hemorrhage received an intravitreal injection of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparation.

RESULTSA heterozygous mutation C>T (R345W) was identified in exon 10 of the EFEMP1 gene in two affected individuals from the family. The same mutation was not detected in unaffected family members and 100 healthy individuals. Postoperative follow-up of the patient receiving intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drug showed that visual acuity was improved and fundus appeared to be stable.

CONCLUSIONThe R345W mutation in EFEMP1 is responsible for the dominant drusen in this family. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drug is a promising treatment for the improvement in vision.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Exons ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Retinal Drusen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the retinal reattachment of suprachoroidal injection with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods Twelve eyes of 12 patients with RRD diagnosed by the examinations of B-mode ultrasound,binocular indirect ophthalmoscope,OCT and scanning laser ophthalmoscope in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from October 2018 to February 2019 were included in this study.There were 7 males and 5 females,aged from 15 to 66 years,with the mean age of 32.40± 14.81 years.There were 4 eyes with BCVA＜0.1,4 eyes with BCVA 0.1-0.4,4 eyes with BCVA＞0.4.The extent of retinal detachment involves 1 to 4 quadrants.All eyes were injected with sodium hyaluronate via suprachoroidal space under non-contact wide-angle system.Surgery was performed by the same ophthalmologist with extensive surgical experience.During the operation,the retinal hole was handled with scleral freezing and laser photocoagulation.The follow-up was 2 months.The retinal reattachment was observed.Results Of the 12 eyes,6 eyes (50.00％) were anatomically reattached,4 eyes (33.33％) ere partly anatomically reattached with subretinal fluid,2 eyes (16.67％) were not reattached.The holes in 4 eyes of partly anatomically reattached with subretinal fluid were located on the choroidal pad and the holes were closed,in addition,the subretinal fluid gradually absorbed over time.Two eyes failed in retinal reattachment received vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade or sclera buckling surgery.No severe complications such as endophthalmitis and choroidal hemorrhage were found at follow-up visits.Conclusion Suprachoroidal injection of sodium hyaluronate is an effective and safe treatment for RRD,which can promote retinal reattachment.

Objective:To explore a new method for detecting the bactericidal effect of oiling agent in vitro,and to determine the disinfectant effecacy ofozonated camellia oil on Staphylococcus aureus.Methods:Suspension of Staphylococcus aureus was prepared and innoculated on the LB plate by plate scribing method.After culture overnight,21 bacterial monoclones with the same diameter were selected and divided into 3 groups:A negative control group,a baseoil (camellia oil) group and an ozonated camellia oil group.We used a ring to isolate the single clone and added oil inside the ring,cultured the whole plate over night,picked out each single clone (with gel) to 5 mL LB medium and cultured it for 12 h.The final concentration of the LB medium was detected by plate count method and turbidimetry.Results:According to the plate count method and turbidimetry,the bacterial concentration in the ozonated camellia oil group was lower than that in the negative control group and base oil group Conclusion:Bacterial monoclone culture method shows that ozonated camellia oil can significantly kill Staphylococcus aureus,and this method is an effective method for evaluating the bactericidal function of the oiling agent in vitro.

Objectives:To explore the impact of intensive lipid-lowering strategy on short-term prognosis of acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients with multi-vessel disease. Methods:A total of 136 ACS patients with multi-vessel disease who received coronary stenting at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from August 2019 to November 2020 were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into intensive lipid-lowering group(control low density lipoprotein cholesterol[LDL-C]below 1.0 mmol/L within 3 months,and continuously meet the standards within 12 months,n=69)or standard lipid-lowering group(gradually control LDL-C below 1.4 mmol/L within one year,n=67).The total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),LDL-C,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and lipoprotein(a)(Lp[a])data were collected.Incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE,including cardiac death,myocardial infarction,target vessel revascularization and stroke)were observed during 12 months of follow up. Results:The baseline data of the intensive lipid-lowering group and the standard lipid-lowering group were consistent before intervention.At the timeline of enrollment,there was no statistically significant difference in the blood lipid profiles(including TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C)between the two groups.After 3-months,patients in the intensive lipid-lowering group experienced significantly lower TC,TG,LDL-C and Lp(a)compared with baseline values(all P<0.05),while HDL-C remained unchanged(P>0.05).The standard lipid-lowering group showed a significant decrease in TC and LDL-C compared with baseline values(both P<0.05).The TC and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in the intensive lipid-lowering group than in the standard lipid-lowering group at 3/6/12 months follow up after discharge(all P<0.01).At 12 months follow-up,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the intensive lipid-lowering group than in the standard lipid-lowering group(2.90%vs.14.93%,χ2=6.090,P=0.014).Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that the intensive lipid-lowering strategy significantly reduced the risk of MACE compared with the standard lipid-lowering strategy(HR=0.177,95%CI:0.037-0.838,P=0.029). Conclusions:Our data show that intensive lipid-lowering strategy may probably reduce the incidence of short-term MACE in ASC patients with multi-vessel disease.Large-scale prospective multi-center studies are needed to further validate these results.