Nursing students in junior college have less class time and weaker foundation com-pared with nursing undergraduates, therefore it is more difficult for them to learn pathphysiology. In order to improve the teaching effect, we adopt the following strategies in pathophysiology teaching:①Guiding clinical nursing practice combining with specific situation in order to give students a deep understanding of pathophysiology knowledge and its significance. ②Urging students to review relevant basic knowledge before class and teacher to briefly introduce the basic knowledge before initiating class in order to reinforce the knowledge. ③Examples of daily life should be combined to make the abstract theory knowledge vivid. Teaching should revolve around the main line and key points should be highlighted. ④Dividing pathophysiology course into three units, and summary must be executed at the end of each unit.

Objective To observe the effect of naloxone(Naloxone,NAL) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,and to explore its mechanism.Methods 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group (Con group),ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group),ischemic preconditioning group (IPC group) and naloxone pretreatment group (Nal+I/R group).Changes of cardiac function,myocardial infarct size and occurrence of arrhythmias after ischemia-reperfusion in each roup were observed.Changes of myocardium under light microscope ultrastructural in each group were also observed.Apoptosis situation in each group was detected by TUNEL assay.Results Compared with th IR group,IPC group and Nal+I/R group showed significantly improvement in cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion (P

Objective To explore the X-ray ,CT and MR manifestations of spinal giant cell tumor(GCT) for improving the diag-nosis level of this rare disease .Methods The X-ray ,CT and MR data in 16 cases of spinal GCT were retrospectively analyzed on the location ,size ,morphology ,margin ,CT density/MR signal intensity and enhancement pattern .Results 4 cases located in cervical vertebra ,8 cases in thoracic vertebra and 4 cases in lumbar vertebra ;in which ,6 cases only involved in vertebral body and other 10 cases involved in vertebral body and and appendix .The lesion affected two neighboring vertebrae in 8 cases ,and affected only one vertebra in the remaining 8 cases .16 cases were protruded into the spinal canals and oppressed the spinal cord .The prominent X-ray and CT images showed eccentric growth ,osteolytic and swelling bone destruction .MR showed isointensity or slight hypointensity on T1WI ,and isointensity or slight hyperintensity on T2WI .After intensified scanning ,the solid portion showed marked inhomoge-neous enhancement .Conclusion Spinal GCT has certain imaging characteristics .CT and MR examination could accurately display the extent of lesion and tumor involvement ,which provides more accurate image information for formulating the strategy of clinical therapy .

Objective To summarize the experience of the nursing care of indwelling catheter thrombolysis for acute thrombosis in the arteriovenous fistula in eight hemodialysis patients.Methods After breaking thrombus through indwelling catheter,both bolus injection and micro-pump continuous infusion of urokinase was employed in eight hemodialysis patients with acute thrombosis in the arteriovenous fistula.The necessary nursing measures were carried out to assist the whole therapeutic procedure.Results All the patients could well cooperate with the procedure of indwelling catheter thrombolysis and urokinase infusion.The reopening rate of the obstructed fistula was 100%.Conclusion Indwelling catheter thrombolysis with urokinase infusion is a simple,effective and safe treatment for acute thrombosis in the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.In order to obtain optimal results,necessary nursing measures must be carried out.

BACKGROUND: Gene therapy and cell transplantation therapy, especially their combined use, have certain therapeutic effects on retinitis pigmentosa. However, little attention has been paid to the combination of gene therapy and cell transplantation in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) modified by growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) gene on the retina of rats with retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS: ADMSCs from rats with retinitis pigmentosa were isolated and cultured, and then transfected with GAP-43 lentiviral vector. Sixty retinitis pigmentosa rats were randomized into experimental group (subretinal injection of GAP-43-transfected ADMSCs), control group (subretinal injection of ADMSCs) and sham operation group (PBS injection). The expressions of GAP-43 protein, Rho protein and GS protein in the retina of rats were determined by western blot. The outer nuclear layer thickness of the retina was determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transfected cell transplantation, the expression of GAP-43 protein in the retina was gradually increased with time and showed significant differences at different time post-transplantation (P < 0.05).The expression levels of Rho protein and GS protein in the retina of experimental and control groups were higher than that in the sham operation group (P < 0.05). The expression of Rho protein in the retina of the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of GS protein in the retina of the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer was ranked as follows: the experimental group > the control group > the sham group, and there was significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). These results show that the ADMSCs modified by GAP-43 gene have protective effect on the retina of rats with retinitis pigmentosa.

Objective To explore the life quality of postoperative patients after a hypertensive cerebral hem-orrhage in the basal ganglia and the factors influencing it, so as to provide evidence for improving the life quality of such patients. Methods A total of 128 patients were studied retrospectively. Their gender, age, occupation, mari-tal status, education level, place of residence and family size were tabulated, as well as whether or not they were liv-ing with their children, smoking or drinking alcohol. Their household income was recorded along with their clinical condition during surgery ( midline shift, blood loss, operative time, whether a hernia occurred, consciousness, and whether bleeding broke into the ventricles. The SF-36 health measurement scale was used to evaluate the patients′life quality, and the factors influencing it were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that: ( 1) Their physio-logical functioning ( PF) and global health ( GH) were mainly affected by age, marital status, family size, midline shift, quantity of cerebral hemorrhage, occurrence of herniation, consciousness and whether the hemorrhage broke in-to the ventricles. (2) Their physiological role (RP) was influenced by marital status, education background, household monthly income, midline shift, consciousness and whether the hemorrhage broke into the ventricles. (3) Pain (BP) was mainly affected by marital status and family size. (4) Social functioning (SF) was closely related to marital status, family size, consciousness and whether hemorrhage broke into the ventricles. (5) Their mental health (MH) was main-ly affected by the amount of bleeding, whether they were living with their children, the operation′s duration and whether the hemorrhage broke into the ventricles. (6) Their emotions (RE) were influenced by their consciousness and whether bleeding broke into the ventricles. (7) Their vitality (VT) was affected by their marital status, smoking, consciousness and whether the bleeding broke into the ventricles. Multivariate analysis showed that whether the hemorrhage broke into the ventricles was the most influential factor. Family size was also influential. Conclusions Age, number of family members, whether they are living with their children, and whether hemorrhage broke into the ventricles are all influen-tial in predicting the life quality of survivors of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of epipolythiodioxopiperazine compound C87 on tumor cell proliferation and explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS Tumor cells were exposed to C87 0.05-1 μmol.L-1 for 24, 48 and 72 h, cell viability was determined by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and the half growth inhibition (Gl50 ) was calculated. After treatment with C87 0.1-2.5 μmol.L-1 for 6 h, or C87 2.5 μmol.L-1 for 0-6 h, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the compound 2′,7′-dichlorofluoresceindiacetate and flow cytometry analysis. After treatment with C87 2.5 μmol.L-1 , either alone or with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), for 6 h, the generation of ROS was measured by flow cytometry analysis. Tumor cells were exposed to C87 0.05-1 μmol.L-1 , either alone or with NAC, for 24 and 48 h, while cell viability was determined by SRB assay. RESULTS The cell viability was significantly reduced following exposure to C87 0.05-1 μmol.L-1 for 24, 48 and 72 h in a concentration-dependent manner in A549, HCT116, HeLa and SMMC7721 cells(P<0.05). At 72 h, the value of r2 was 0.946, 0.989, 0.973 and 0.984(P<0.05), respectively. The cell viability was significantly reduced following exposure to C87 1 μmol.L-1 for 24 - 72 h in a time-dependent manner in A549, HCT116, HeLa and SMMC7721 cells(P<0.05). The value of r2 was 0.983, 0.956, 0.951 and 0.873(P<0.05), respectively. The generation of ROS was increased after exposure to C87 0.25-2.5 μmol.L-1 in a concentration-dependent manner in HCT116 and HeLa cells for 6 h (r2 = 0.760, P = 0.045: r2 = 0.987, P=0.001), and after exposure to C87 2.5 μmol.L-1 in a time-dependent manner in HCT116 and HeLa cells for 0.5-6 h (r2 = 0.886, P = 0.017: r2 = 0.994, P = 0.000).The C87-induced ROS generation could be blocked by NAC in HCT116 and HeLa cells(P<0.05). The C87 induced cell death could be blocked by NAC 5 and 10 mmol.L-1 , and the Gl50 value was 1.446 and 1.134 μmol.L-1 for 24 h (the Gl50 value of C87 group was 0.513 μmol.L-1 ), and 0.882 and 1.166 μmol.L-1 for 48 h (the Gl50 value of C87 group was 0.333 μmol.L-1 ). CONCLUSION The novel epipolythiodioxopiperazine derivative C87 exerts potent antitumor activity in vitro, possibly via triggering ROS production.

Objective:To explore a new method for detecting the bactericidal effect of oiling agent in vitro,and to determine the disinfectant effecacy ofozonated camellia oil on Staphylococcus aureus.Methods:Suspension of Staphylococcus aureus was prepared and innoculated on the LB plate by plate scribing method.After culture overnight,21 bacterial monoclones with the same diameter were selected and divided into 3 groups:A negative control group,a baseoil (camellia oil) group and an ozonated camellia oil group.We used a ring to isolate the single clone and added oil inside the ring,cultured the whole plate over night,picked out each single clone (with gel) to 5 mL LB medium and cultured it for 12 h.The final concentration of the LB medium was detected by plate count method and turbidimetry.Results:According to the plate count method and turbidimetry,the bacterial concentration in the ozonated camellia oil group was lower than that in the negative control group and base oil group Conclusion:Bacterial monoclone culture method shows that ozonated camellia oil can significantly kill Staphylococcus aureus,and this method is an effective method for evaluating the bactericidal function of the oiling agent in vitro.

Objective To observe the retinal reattachment of suprachoroidal injection with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods Twelve eyes of 12 patients with RRD diagnosed by the examinations of B-mode ultrasound,binocular indirect ophthalmoscope,OCT and scanning laser ophthalmoscope in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from October 2018 to February 2019 were included in this study.There were 7 males and 5 females,aged from 15 to 66 years,with the mean age of 32.40± 14.81 years.There were 4 eyes with BCVA＜0.1,4 eyes with BCVA 0.1-0.4,4 eyes with BCVA＞0.4.The extent of retinal detachment involves 1 to 4 quadrants.All eyes were injected with sodium hyaluronate via suprachoroidal space under non-contact wide-angle system.Surgery was performed by the same ophthalmologist with extensive surgical experience.During the operation,the retinal hole was handled with scleral freezing and laser photocoagulation.The follow-up was 2 months.The retinal reattachment was observed.Results Of the 12 eyes,6 eyes (50.00％) were anatomically reattached,4 eyes (33.33％) ere partly anatomically reattached with subretinal fluid,2 eyes (16.67％) were not reattached.The holes in 4 eyes of partly anatomically reattached with subretinal fluid were located on the choroidal pad and the holes were closed,in addition,the subretinal fluid gradually absorbed over time.Two eyes failed in retinal reattachment received vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade or sclera buckling surgery.No severe complications such as endophthalmitis and choroidal hemorrhage were found at follow-up visits.Conclusion Suprachoroidal injection of sodium hyaluronate is an effective and safe treatment for RRD,which can promote retinal reattachment.

Objective:To evaluate skin irritation,acute toxicity,and allergy of medical ozone oil for clinical application.Methods:In contrast to their left and right side irritation,one or more skin irritation tests were performed on the intact and damaged skins of guinea pigs.With the maximum concentration,acute skin toxicity test was applied on the intact and damaged skins of rats.Active cutaneous anaphylaxis was applied to the guinea pigs.Results:High concentration (ozone consumption:150 g/L) of medical ozone oil showed a slight irritation on the broken skin of guinea pigs,while low concentrations did not show skin irritation.Medical ozone oil had no obvious acute toxicity to rats.The medical ozone oil and base oil showed mildallergy for the skin of guinea pig.Conclusion:The irritation of medical ozone oil is related to its concentration.With appropriateconcentration and duration of treatment,medical ozone oil is safe.