Tissue was obtained from 14 aborted human fetuses, ranging from 13-32 weeks of gestation (wg). The crown-rump length (CR) ranged from 8.3-33 cm. Frontal sections of the specimens were prosessed for SEM and observation were focused on the areas adjacent to the middle part of the calcarine fissure.At 13 wg (CR 8.3 cm), the visual cortex (area 17) was composed of five zones: viz., the ventricular zone, the subventricular zone, the intermediate zone, the cortical plate and the marginal zone. These five zones showed a series of transformations with increasing age. 1) The ventricular zone became progressively thinner, mitotic activity of the ventrieular cells decreased progressively and finally the ventricular ceils differentiated into a single layer of ependymal cells. 2) The subventricular zone and the inter mediated zone were replaced by fiber bundles of white matter. 3) The cortical plate increased in width, exhibited the greatest growth rate, and became differentiated. At 21 wg (CR 20cm), the lower part of the cortical plate first gave rise to laminae VI and V. At 23 wg (CR 22cm), lamina Ⅳ was established in the middle part of cortical plate. At 26 wg (CR 25cm), laminae Ⅲ and Ⅱ could be identified in the upper part of cortical plate. 4) The marginal zone transformed into lamina Ⅰ at its original site.

The effects of antisense FosB and CREB intra-striatum injection on the expression of prodynorphin (PDyn) gene in striatal neurons of Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) rats with Parkinson disease (PD) were explored. PD model in rats was established by 6-OHDA microinjection stereotaxically. The rats were treated with chronic intermittent Levodopa celiac injection for 28 days to get the LID rats. Antisense FosB and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were injected into striatum of all rats respectively. In situ hybridization was used to measure the changes in the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum and behavior changes were observed. The results showed after administration of antisense FosB, abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) was decreased and the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum was increased in LID rats as compared with sense FosB group (P<0.01, respectively). As compared with the control group, the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum was decreased by antisense CREB-treated LID group (P<0.01) and compared with sense CREB treated LID group, antisense CREB-treated LID group showed no changes in AIM scores and the expressions of PDyn mRNA (both P>0.05). In conclusion, FosB protein, which replaced the CREG, could regulate the expression of PDyn mRNA and play critical role in the pathogenesis of LID.

Objective To discuss Si tactic of breathing exercises on the rehabilitation of lung function, dyspnea, distance of 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), respiratory muscle endurance and quality of life in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 63 patients with COPD were divided into experimental group with 31 cases and control group with 32 cases according to random digital table method. The experimental group were given routine treatment and nursing care, take Si tactic of breathing exercises. The control group were given routine treatment and nursing care only. Both groups were given treatment for 4 months. The indexes of lung function (FEV1, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC), scores of the Modified Medical Research Council Scale (MMRC), 6MWD, scores of Saint-George′s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) changes before and after the therapy were measured. Results After intervention, the lung function as measured by FEV1, MVV, 6MWD showed a significant improvement in the experimental group, and was higher than that in the control group[(1.42±0.43) L vs.(1.22±0.32) L and(1.21±0.45) L,(52.39±14.21) L vs.(47.20±14.59) L and (43.65±11.89) L, (288.36±71.70) m vs.(244.42±71.50) m and (250.56 ±79.25) m, P<0.05]; MMRC scores, SGRQ scores, activities and daily life part score were lower after intervention and was lower than that in the control group [(2.63 ±1.00) points vs. (3.21 ±0.92) points and (3.14±1.12) points, (44.38±5.23) points vs. (54.74±5.73) points and (52.87±5.49) points, (41.25± 6.03) pints vs.(66.48±6.38) points and (64.13±5.34) points, (28.00±7.34) points vs. (44.87±4.86) points and (42.31 ±9.12) points, P<0.05]. Conclusions For COPD patients in stable stage, Si tactic of breathing exercises can improve the pulmonary function and alleviate dyspnea, enhance exercise endurance and respiratory endurance, thereby improve the quality of life of patients, so this is one of the method for comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation in the future.

In order to explore the PAR-1 mRNA and protein expression around hemotoma following intracerebral hemorrhage and the relation between the PAR-1 expression and thrombin, collagenase VII was stereotaxically injected into right caudate nucleus in rats. The PAR-1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR method and the PAR-1 protein expression by immunohistochemical method respectively. It was found that the PAR-1 mRNA and protein expression around hemotoma was increased at 6 h after intracerebral hemorrhage (P<0.05), peaked at 2 days (P<0.01), and then declined. The change pattern of the PAR-1 mRNA and protein expression was similar to that of intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombin intracerebral injection. The PAR-1 mRNA and protein expression in hirudin group showed no significant difference with control group. These results indicated that the PAR-1 mRNA and protein expression were markedly increased after intracerebral hemorrhage, which may be closely related to thrombin. Upregulation of the PAR-1 expression may involve in neurotoxic injury induced by thrombin.
Animals ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Hematoma ; metabolism ; Hirudins ; pharmacology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Thrombin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the genetic relationship of 9 Marsdenia species from Yunnan, especially the traditional Dai medicine "Dai Bai Jie" (M. auricularis).

METHODApplying the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers technology.

RESULTTwenty-five primers were screened out of 60 ISSR random primers and produced 391 bands totally, every primer produce 8-21 bands and the mean number was 15.6. The range of the GS (genetic similarity) value was 0.6675-0.8210. In 9 Marsdenia species, M. auricularis is a relative of M. tenacissima. M. balansae and M. officinalis have the closest genetic relationship.

CONCLUSIONIt is supported by ISSR that the M. auricularis which is sib species of M. tenacissima, and the folk medicine of Marsdenia are worthy deep investigation and study.

China ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Marsdenia ; classification ; genetics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

This study is to investigate the protective effects of the SB203580 against radiation induced mortality and intestinal injury of mice. A total of 67 male C57BL/6 mice (20.0-22.0 g) were matched according to body weight and randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, total body irradiation exposure (IR, 7.2 Gy) only, and IR (7.2 Gy) + SB203580 (15 mg x kg(-1)). 30 days survival rate was observed in the experiment. In intestinal injury experiment, the expression levels of caspase-3, Ki67, p53 and p-p38 were assayed in the mice intestine crypts. The results showed that the 30 days survival rate was 100% (control), 0 (IR) and 40% (IR+ SB203580), separately. Compared to the IR groups, the positive cells of caspase-3, p53 and p-p38 in crypt cells decreased 33.00%, 21.78% and 34.63%, respectively. The rate of positive cells of Ki67 increased 37.96%. Significant difference was found between all of them (P < 0.01). SB203580 potently protected against radiation-induced lethal and intestinal injury in mice, and it may be a potential radio protector.

The effects of antisense FosB and CREB intra-striatum injection on the expression of prodynorphin (PDyn) gene in striatal neurons of Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) rats with Parkinson disease (PD) were explored. PD model in rats was established by 6-OHDA microinjection stereotaxically. The rats were treated with chronic intermittent Levodopa celiac injection for 28 days to get the LID rats. Antisense FosB and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were injected into striatum of all rats respectively. In situ hybridization was used to measure the changes in the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum and behavior changes were observed. The results showed after administration of antisense FosB, abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) was decreased and the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum was increased in LID rats as compared with sense FosB group (P＜0.01, respectively). As compared with the control group, the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum was decreased by antisense CREB-treated LID group (P＜0.01) and compared with sense CREB treated LID group, antisense CREB-treated LID group showed no changes in AIM scores and the expressions of PDyn mRNA (both P＞0.05). In conclusion, FosB protein, which replaced the CREG,could regulate the expression of PDyn mRNA and play critical role in the pathogenesis of LID.

Objective:To investigate the value of CT findings in predicting thetransformation of clinical types of COVID-19.Methods:From January 24 to February 6, 2020, the clinical and chest CT data of patients with common COVID-19 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 64 patients were enrolled, including 32 males and 32 females, aged 18-76 (45±15) years. Based on the fact whether patients’ conditions had deteriorated into severe type, all the cases were divided into common type group (51 cases) and deteriorated type group (13 cases). Differences of CT findings in the two groups of patients were analyzed, and visual semi-quantitative scores were introduced to evaluate the pneumonia.Results:Compared with the common type group, the deteriorated type group was more likely to involve the left upper lobe, the right middle lobe and the lung far away from the pleura. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (χ2= 5.897, P=0.027; χ2=8.549, P=0.005; χ2=10.169, P=0.002). The median of the involved lobes were 2 (1,5) in the common type group and 5 (4,5) in the deteriorated type group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z =-3.303, P=0.001). Taking the involved lobes ( n=4) as the threshold, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of the common type to the deteriorated type patients were the highest, 76.9% and 74.5% respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.787. Pneumonia score of the deteriorated group was 10 (4,16), higher than that of the common group [4 (1,13)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-4.040, P<0.001). Pneumonia score 8 as the threshold, the sensitivity and specificity of the general severe group were the highest, 69.2% and 86.3% respectively, and the area under ROC curve was 0.863. Conclusions:CT imaging has a profound value in the early prediction of deterioration in clinical type of COVID-19. It can help evaluate the severity of pneumonia in early stage. Range of lesions might be an important indicator for prognosis of common type COVID-19.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of moxibustion in improving the ventilatory function of patients with lung distension caused by deficiency of lung-spleen qi.Methods Totally 60 patients with lung distension caused by deficiency of lung-spleen qi were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group,with 30 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine treatment plus routine care,while patients in the observation group were treated with moxibustion with moxa sticks on the basis of treatment in the control group. The therapeutic effect between two groups were compared.Results After two continuous courses of treatment,in the pulmonary function test, the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)in the observation group was(73.13±1.23)%,and in the control group,it was(67.83±1.04)%(t=18.03,P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.3%,and it was 83.3% in the control group(χ2=10.92,P<0.05). Conclusions Moxibustion with moxa sticks could effectively improve the ventilation function of patients with lung distension caused by deficiency of lung-spleen qi.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.