More and more studies indicate that there are many similarities such as pathophysiological process,gene expression,immune escape,angiogenesis and invasion characteristic between embryo implantation and neoplasm invasion and metastasis, which are taken for two "blackboxes" in medical field at present. Not only will cross studies between both sides promote respective subject development, but also become the breach to reveal life origin,developmental biology of neoplasm and embryo and intrinsic mechanisms of embryo implantation and neoplasm invasion and metastasis.

Objective To investigate the enhancing effect of microbubble contrast agent SonoVue of different dosage on high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in goat livers in vivo. Methods Twenty goats were divided into 4 groups randomly. Animals in group 1,2 and 3 were bolus-injected of 0.01 ml/kg,0. 03 ml/kg and 0.05 ml/kg of SonoVue intravenously before HIFU exposure, respectively,and those in group 4 were not given injections as control. After injection 20s, the livers were ablated using HIFU performed in the manner of a single dot set by a computer system using a clinical device. The frequency of HIFU was 0.8 MHz,the intensity of HIFU was 19 100 W/cm2 ,the distance from skin to the target liver tissue was 30 mm,the exposure time was set at 15 s for all animals in the four groups. All animals were euthanized 7 days after HIFU, volumes of coagulated necrosis were measured. Pathological examinations were performed to analysis the exposure regions. Results Under the same parameters of exposure, coagulated volumes in group 1,2 and 3 were larger than those in group 4, the difference was significant (P < 0.05),and the coagulated volumes increased gradually with the dosage of SonoVue increasing from group 1 to group 3, the difference was significant (P<0.05). Pathological examinations confirmed that there were no residual unaffected tissues within the exposed volume. Two remarkable changes were observed in one goat in group 37 days after HIFU:the surrounding adjacent tissue outside the reactive zone necrotized and the skin were destroyed. Conclusions The enhancing effects of microbubble contrast agent in HIFU ablation is related with the dosage of the microbubble contrast agent SonoVue. The higher the SonoVue dosage,the larger the volume destroy in the target tissue.

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of AMPK on apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in COPD rats.Methods:the rats were divided into three groups:control group,model group,AICAR intervention group,establishment of rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by smoking smoke inhalation and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide.The HE staining of rat lung tissue pathological observation,immunohistochemical detection of p-AMPK /AMPK,western blot the expression of Caspase-3,ORP 150,and CHOP.Apoptosis were detected by TUNEL method.Results:the HE staining showed that the model group of pulmonary bullae formation,inflammatory cell infiltration,inflammatory ceils in AICAR group was lower than that of model group.Compared with the normal control group,immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that p-AMPK/AMPK and ORP150 protein expression decreased in the model group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05),and AICAR in the intervention group p-AMPK/AMPK and ORP150 protein expression were significantly increased compared with the model group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Endoplasmic reticulum stress related apoptosis The expression of CHOP and caspase-3 apoptosis index increased significantly in the model group,there was significant difference compared with normal group (P＜0.05),while in group AICAR,apoptosis index down significantly compared with the model group.Conclusion:AMPK can protect alveolar epithelial cells from cigarette smoke induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis,it was possible to achieve its protective effect the increase of ORP150.

Objective To investigate prevalence of long-term mental disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 4 ～ 13 years. Methods Of the 4287 patients with traumatic brain injury by systematic sampling.675 subjects were screened by the manual of the psychiatric consequences following traumatic brain injury. The final diagnoses of mental disorders were determined by two advanced psychiatrists based on CCMD-3 on the criteria of organic mental disorders. Results ① Of the 675 subjects with traumatic brain injury,206 had satisfied diagnosed criteria of one or more organic mental disorder syndromes by CCMD-3, and with dementia 17.48% , amnestic syndrome 1. 04% , personality or behaviour change 13. 84% , psychotic syndrome 1. 19% , depressive syndrome 7.41% ,manic syndrome 0.30% ,hysteric syndrome 0.98% , neurotic syndrome 10. 22%. ②The incidence of the mental disorders in the subjects with severe TBI was significantly higher than that of moderate and mild TBI,separately 66.01% (134/203) ,18.04% (46/255) and 11.98% (26/217 ),λ2 =109.03 and 129.82 separately(P< 0.01). ③The incidence of the personality or behaviour change in male was significantly higher than that of female, separately 15.31% and 6.98% (λ2 =5.65, P<0.05). The incidence of the neurotic syndrome in female was significantly higher than that of male, separately 15. 12% and 8. 55% (λ2 = 6. 02, P < 0.05). Conclusion The high incidence of the mental disorders in the patients with TBI should not neglect. There are more high occurrence rate with more severe degree of brain injuries.

Objective To examine the reliability and validity of compensative neurosis assessing scale (CNAS) and in order to develop the quantitative assessing method for distinguishing the compensation neurosis from malingering and typical neurosis. Methods The reliability and validity of the scale was tested based on the subjects including the cases involved forensic problems, the patients with typical neurosis in general psychiatric 0.944. The test-retest reliability was more than 0.820. The scorer reliability was more than 0. 812. The total accu-racy rate of CNAS for evaluating three groups of subjects based on the experts diagnosis, and with 91.2% of speci-ficity and 79.3% of sensitivity for evaluating compensation neurosis. Condusion The CNAS has acceptable psy-chometrics properties on reliability and validity. It will provide method to distinguish the compensation neurosis from malingering and typical neuroses.

AIM:To observe the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-κB) , N-methyl-D-aspartic acid re-ceptor 2B (NR2B) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the spinal cord in a rat model of chronic constriction in-jury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.METHODS:Fifty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180~220 g were random-ly divided into sham group (n=8) and CCI group (n=48).The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and paw with-drawal latency (PWL) of the hind paws were measured 1 d before CCI and 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after surgery.The L4~L6 segment of the spinal cord was taken for determining the expression of NF-κB, NR2B and iNOS by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:At 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after surgery, the MWT and PWL in CCI group were obviously lower than those in sham group .The expression of NF-κB, NR2B and iNOS at mRNA and protein levels in-creased significantly.Positive correlations were found between the mRNA expression of NF-κB and iNOS (r=0.842, P<0.05), and between the mRNA expression of NR2B and iNOS (r=0.833, P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The generation and maintenance of hyperalgesia in sciatic nerve injury rats may attribute to the activation of NF -κB and NR2B and concom-itant increase in iNOS .

Objective To examine the reliability and validity of the Rating Scale of the Reliability in Mental Disorder Medical History (RSRMDMH) in order to develop a reliable measure to determine the reliability in mental disorder medical history.Methods RSRMDMH was conducted by concept,clinical feature in mental disorder medical history and assessment scales for malingering and compensationneurosis.Final 14 items was decided after initial usage and modification.It was administered to 600 subjects including the cases involved forensic problems,patients in general psychiatric clinic.Results ①The Cronbach' s α coefficients of RSRMDMH was 0.901.The split-half reliability was 0.803-0.924.The test-retest reliability and scorer reliability were more than 0.588 (P＜0.01).②The cut score of assessing different degree of the reliability in mental disorder medical history separately was ≤ 11,12-22,≥23.③Based on the experts diagnosis,the accuracy rate of RSRMDMH for evaluating different degree of the reliability in mental disorder medical history were more than 86.1％,and total accuracy rate was 94.8％.④Correlation analysis showed significantly correlation between RSRMDMH and assessment scales for malingering(self-report scale of brief psychopathological symptoms,SBPS).Conclusion The RSRMDMH has acceptable psychometrics properties on reliability and validity.It is a clinically reliable measure to determine the reliability in mental disorder medical history.

Objective To investigate the influences of heart in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma closed to heart after high intensity focused ultrasound ablation(HIFU). Methods Thirty four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma closed to heart received detecting the values of periphery blood aspartate transarninase(AST), creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), myoglobin(Myo) and troponin I (cTnI) before and 1,3, 7 days after HIFU respectively. ECG was monitored in all patients simultaneously. Results The values of AST,CK,CK-MB,α-HBDH, LDH and Myo increased 1 day after HIFU significantly (P<0.05), which decreased greatly 3 days after HIFU and nearly recovered well (P>0.05) 7 days after HIFU. However, the value of cTnI and ECG were normal before and after HIFU. Conclusions No obvious myocardium injury was found after HIFU in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma dosed to heart, cTnI may be an important marker to evaluate myocardium injury after HIFU.

Medical treatment technology has made a lot of breakthrough because of the rapid development of the medical devices industrial.Minimally-invasive and noninvasive medicine is the development tendency of the future medicine.To adapt to the needs of the future medicine,Chongqing medical university exerted much efforts on training of minimally-invasive and noninvasive medical talents.We explored and practiced in aspects of fixing educational conception and goal,building curriculum and teaching content,constructing professional teaching team and developing practice and innovation abilities in order to fill the void of personnel training in the minimally-invasive and noninvasive medical field.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate antioxidant effects of different extract parts from Aquilaria sinensis leaves. METH-ODS:A. sinensis leaves were extracted by reflux extraction with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,absolutely ethanol,water to obtain corresponding parts (AGP,AGE,AGA and AGW parts). The ability of different extracts eliminating ABTS+ free radical,DPPH free radical and O2-free radical and reducing Cu2+ were investigated. IC50 was also calculated. Vitamin C(VC)was used as positive control in above tests. RESULTS:Those parts eliminated above free radicals and reduced Cu2+ in concentration-dependant manner, among which maximal elimination rate of AGA and AGW parts to ABTS+ free radical were 100% and 81.07%(IC50=14.89,23.12 mg/L)and higher than that of VC(88%);those of other parts were less than 50%. The maximal elimination rate of AGA parts to DPPH free radical was 67.74%(IC50=47.96 mg/L),but still lower than that of VC(91.44%);the elimination rates of other parts were all weak and lower than 40%. The maximal elimination rates of AGA and AGW parts to O2-free radical were 67.79% and 61.79%(IC50=393.01,421.04 mg/L),but still lower than that of VC(88%);the elimination rates of other parts were all lower than 33%. The maximal reduction percentage of AGP,AGE,AGA and AGW parts to Cu2+ were all higher than 50%(IC50=55.99, 40.27,25.44,31.06 mg/L,respectively),but still lower than that of VC (100%). CONCLUSIONS:Different extract parts from A. sinensis leaves have antioxidant activity in vitro,and that of AGA is the strongest.