Objective By exploring echocardiographic ch aracters and pathologic examination of noncompacted ventricular myocardium(NVM), to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias and embolism. Methods Echocardiographic examinations included four-chamber view, two-chamber view and short axis view of left ventricle, with an emphasis on observing left ventricular myocardium and endocardium approach to one-third of apex of heart. Results All 24 patients showed obvious echocardiographic findings characterized by prominent and excessive myocardial trabeculations and deep intratrabecular recesses in the affected ventricular cavity. Three cases complicated with other congenital heart malformations, 20 cases with congestive heart failure and only 2 cases were asymptomatic. Coronary arteriography was performed in 13 cases and revealed normal findings. Two cases eventually underwent heart transplantation because of severe congestive heart failure. Gross and histological findings demonstrated prominent muscular trabeculations, with deep intratrabecular recesses into lesion heart. Serial section from the base of the ventricle toward the apex revealed gradually weaker myocardium. Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium showed a thin, compacted epicardial and an extremely thickened endocardium by fibrous tissue. Conclusions Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium has characteristic echocardiographic manifestations and specific pathologic changes, which are different from those of primary enlarged type of cardiomyopathy.

Objective To detect the expression of BMI-1, and to discuss its role in the development of gastric cancer. Methods The expression of BMI-1 protein and mRNA in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemical P-V method (78 cases) and semi-quantitative RT-PCR (30 cases). Results The positive expression rate of BMI-1 protein in gastric cancer patients was 66.7 % (52/78), and it was 19.2 % (15/78) in adjacent tissues, the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 35.815, P= 0.000). The expression of BMI-1 mRNA in 30 gastric cancer tissues was 0.23 ± 0.12, it was 0.03 ± 0.12 in adjacent tissues, the difference was statistically significant (t=8.372, P=0.000). The expression of BMI-1 protein and mRNA was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (all P< 0.05). Conclusion The expression of BMI-1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, which may provide guidance for molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapy and prognosis of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE To control the nosocomial infection in the whole process of blood collecting on a blood collecting vehicle.METHODS To supervise the technological sanitation of blood collecting environment,increase primary assay of ALT,using laser beam apparatus instead of needle puncture,select the dynamic disinfection cleaning machine instead of classical tri-oxygen or ultraviolet lamp disinfection,and standardize blood collecting procedure and environmental disinfection.RESULTS After 110 thousand times a year of blood collecting on the blood collecting vehicle in Wuhan there were no one nosocomial infection happened.CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection in the whole process of blood collecting on a blood collecting vehicle can be prevented by the quality control of environmental condition and improvement of assay installation.

Objective To investigate the application effect of the ankle foot orthoses (AFO)in the rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia and abnormal gait after stroke Methods Sixty consecutive stroked patients with hemiplegia admitted to Meizhou People′s Hospital,Guagdong Province from January in 2013 to June in 2015 were enrolled retrospectively,and they were divided into either an AFO group or a non-AFO group (n = 30 in each group)according to the odd or even admission numbers. The patients in the non-AFO group were treated with conventional rehabilitation training and those in the AFO group were treated with AFO. Before and after treatment,the Berg balance scale (BBS)was used to assess the balance ability of the patients,10 m maximum walking speed (MWS)was used to assess the walking speed of the patients,and the physiological cost index (PCI)was used to assess the walking efficiency of the patients. Results After treatment,there was significant difference in Brunnstrom grade between the AFO group and the non-AFO group (P < 0. 05). The BBS score and MWS of the patients in the AFO group were 39 ± 5 and 0. 97 ± 0. 38 m/ s respectively after treatment,and they were higher than those before treatment (33 ± 4 and 0. 28 ± 0. 07 m/ s)and those of non-AFO group (36 ± 4 and 0. 54 ± 0. 31 m/ s)after treatment. There were significant differences (all P <0. 05). The PCI was 0. 84 ± 0. 30 in the AFO group after treatment was 0. 84 ± 0. 30. It was lower than that before treatment (1. 32 ± 0. 31)and that of non-AFO after treatment (0. 96 ±0. 33). There was significant difference (all P < 0. 05). Conclusion The application of APO in stroked patients with hemiplegia and abnormal gait has better clinical efficacy. It can significantly im-prove the balance state of patients and improve the walking speed and efficiency.

Objective To non-invasive assess coronary blood flow velocity changes of patients with slow coronary flow phenomenon (SCFP) by coronary blood flow imaging (CFI).MethodsTwenty-one patients who had no significant coronary artery stenosis but had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) slow-flow phenomenon were the experimental group,nine patients who has no significant coronary stenosis and TIMI flow normal were the control group.Using corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC) assess velocity of coronary artery.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter,end systolic diameter,ejection fraction,E peak velocity,A peak velocity,E/A ratio were measured by conventional echocardiography.The distal anterior descending coronary artery diastolic peak flow velocity(Vmax),mean velocity(Vmean) and blood flow velocity time integral(VTI) were measured by CFI.Results The corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) of left anterior descending artery blood flow in slow blood group was (45.37 ± 8.62)frame,that in control group was (15.94± 4.66)frame,the difference was statistically significant (t = -9.596,P =0.000).The conventional echocardiographic measurements of two groups were not significantly different.The left anterior descending artery Vmax was (22.86 ± 3.04)cm/s,Vmean was (17.62 ± 2.89)cm/s,VTIwas (8.49± 2.01)cm in the slow blood flow group,the left anterior descending artery Vmax was (31.78 ± 9.28) cm/s,Vmean was (23.67 ± 7.60) cm/s,VTI was (10.91 ± 4.47) cm in the control group.The difference was statistically significant.The left anterior descending artery CTFC with Vmax and Vmean was negative correlation in the control group and the slow blood flow group.The left anterior descending artery CTFC was negatively correlated with VTI in the control group,there was no correlation between left anterior descending artery CTFC and VTI in the slow blood flow group.Conclusions Coronary artery flow velocity in the left anterior descending artery was declined.CFI can reflect changes in coronary TIMI flow,but in the diagnosis of coronary slow flow phenomenon CFI has limitations.

Objective To study the relationship of the antepartum foramen ovale (FO),the ratios of foramen ovale and aorta (FO/AO) and postpartum ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD).Methods Nine hundred fifty-eight fetuses were divided into 5 groups by gestational age,18-22 weeks,23-26 weeks,27-30 weeks,31-34 weeks,35-40 weeks.The diameter of FO and aortic (AO) and FO/AO were measured by fetal echocardiography,the postpartum echocardiography were followed up more than 12 months after birth.ANOVA was used to compare FO,AO,FO/AO with different gestational age.Regression equation estimate was used to compare the relationship of FO and AO with gestational age.Independent sample T test was used to compare FO and FO/AO with postpartum ostium secundum ASD and postpartum normal heart.Results There was significant difference in FO and AO among 5 groups(P =0.000),FO and AO increased with increasing gestational age.There was significant difference in antepartum FO,FO/AO between postpartum ostium secundum ASD and postpartum normal heart (P =0.000).Conclusions Antepartum FO and FO/AO provide clinical value in observing postpartum ostium secundum ASD.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two dimensional echocardiography combining with enhanced flow (e-flow) imaging for fetal heart malformation.Methods 1580 cases were screened for fetal heart malformation.The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by comparing the results fetal echocardiography with those of postpartum echocardiography,surgery or autopsy.Results Antepartum and postpartum data were obtained in 1286 of the 1580 fetuses (81.39％).Among the 1286 cases,the sensitivity,specificity,mistake diagnostic rate,omission diagnostic rate was 98.0 ％,99.3 ％,2.0 ％,0.7％,respectively.The consistency evaluation of fetal heart malformation by two dimensional echocardiography combining with e-flow concluded that the valve of Kappa was 0.970 (P =0.000).Conclusions Two dimensional echocardiography combining with e-flow is an accurate and reliable method for diagnosing fetal heart malformation,it has a high sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To evaluate the human left ventricular flow field structure by vector flow mapping (VFM),and to seek the formation rules and description parameters of swirl vortex in the human left ventricular.Methods Sixty heathy adults were involved.The velocity distribution images on the section plane of the flow in the left ventricular were obtained bv VFM,and series parameters of vortex including vortex diameter(transverse and vertical diameter),vortex position(transverse and longitudinal position),vortex maximum flow velocity (Vmax)and density number of vortex ring(N)were measured with the software named DSA-RS1.Results A pair of similar vortex showed by VFM in the left ventricle of the heart during the early and late diastole period which were formed by a strong jet flow through the mitral valve were small vortex,and Vmax and N in former were bigger than that in latter(P＜0.05),while a bigger vortex ring continued during the middle diastolic and isovolumic contraction period with a trailing jet in the left ventricle were large whirlpool,and Vmax and N in former were bigger than that in latter(P＜0.05).Conclusions Changes of the intraventricular blood flow field structure can be showed by VFM,and description parameters of vortex concluded from the study can reflect the changes,which can be used as a preliminary quantitative study of the complex flow field structure in heart chamber.

Objective To investigate the modulatory effect of orexin A on glutamate receptor-mediated current in the freshly isolated pyramidal neurons from the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods Deep layer (Ⅴ-Ⅵ) prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons from postnatal 10 to 14 day-old Wistar rats were acutely dissociated by a combination of mechanical and enzymatic method. Subsequently, the effect of orexin A on the current induced by glutamate was studied by the technique of whole cell patch clamp. Results Both orexin A and glutamate dose-dependently evoked the inward transmembrane current. The current was evoked by 1 mmol/L glutamate as a control group(100%). After treatment with 1 mmol/L orexin A for 4-10 s, 1 mmol/L glutamate induced-current was increased by (46.59?15.19)% (n=8, P

Objective To analyze left ventricular (LV) global systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) and their changes after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) using velocity vector imaging(VVI). Methods Eighteen healthy adults and twenty two patients with CAD were enrolled in this study. Two-dimensional dynamic images of standard apical four-chambers, two-chambers and parasternal short-axis views at the level of mitral valve and apex were obtained in VVI condition. All patients were examined 1 day before PCI, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after PCI respectively. LV rotation degree, rotation velocity at baseline and apex were measured using the off-line syngo US workplace software and LV twist, torsion were calculated as global motion condition. Results LV ejection fraction(LVEF) and peak torsion at myocardial infarction group were lower than those at normal control and myocardial ischemia group. After PCI, LVEF were gradually improved in both myocardial infarction group and myocardial ischemia group,while changes of LV apex rotation degree and velocity, peak twist and peak torsion between two groups were opposite: those parameters of the former increased 1 week or 1 month after PCI but decreased 3 months after PCI,while those of the latter decreased 1 week after PCI but increased gradually 1 month and 3 months after PCI. Conclusions LV twist and torsion can be evaluated exactly by VVI.Compared with LVEF, LV twist and torsion can preferably reflect the different characteristic of LV global systolic function after coronary artery recanalization in myocardial infarction group and myocardial ischemia group.