Spaceflight exerts substantial effects on several systems in humans. The hematologic abnormalities include mainly reduction in plasma, blood volume and red cell mass et al.The initial studies were focus on the changes in hematologic parameters. However, further studies on the physiological mechanisms of these effects showed substantial progress recently. The new meachnism called neocytolysis of physiological down-regulator of red cell mass was discovered. This review summarizes briefly the recent research findings.

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the stellate ganglia of anesthetized cats. After 52-72 hour survival time, the animals were perfused and the spinal cord was processed by O-D technique to study the localization and segmental distribution of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord which project to the stellate ganglia. HRP-labeled neurons in the spinal cord were located exclusively on the side of the injection and were found in five distinct areas:1. nucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis (ILp 76.08%).2. nucleus intermediolateralis pars funicularis (ILf 10.51%).3. anterior horn (AH 5.88%).4. nucleus intercalatus (IC 5.31%).5. nucleus intercalatus pars paraependymalis (ICpe 2.22%).Labeled cells were found in C_8-T_(10) spinal cord segments, with the highest accumulation of cells in T_3 segment. Furthermore, HRP-labeled ILp neurons were detected in C_8-T_(10) spinal cord segments, with a peak at T_3 segment; ILf neurons were seen in 8-T_9, with a peak at T_1 segment; AH neurons were seen in T_1-T_8, with a peak at T_2 segment; IC and ICpe neurons were seen in C_8-T_(10), with a peak at T_6 segment. Stellate ganglion; Sympathetic preganglionic neuron; Spinal cord; HRP method; Cat

Objective To assess the clinical features,diagnosis,therapy and the prognosis of vertebral artery dissection presented as ischemie cerebral vascular disease.Methods Clinical and routine laboratory examinations were performed in all the 6 patients,who underwent brain DSA,MRI,MRA and cervical vascular duplex ultrasound examinations.They fulfilled at least 1 of 2 imaging criteria used to diagnose vertebral dissection.Results There was sudden neck pain or occipital headache in 4 of the 6 eases.Vertigo and (or) dizziness were the main onset symptoms for all the subjects.Two cases presented Wallenberg syndrome; Three had recent trauma to the neck.DSA showed occlusion or stenosis of the vertebral artery.MRI showed an crescent-shaped intramural hematoma.Cervical vascular duplex ultrasound revealed normal intima-media thickness and no carotid atheroscleretic plaque,and displayed significant stenosis or occlusion of the involved vertebral artery.The dissections were found in the extracranial segment of the vertebral artery in 5 cases.The follow up period for all patients was approximately 26 months.The anticoagulant therapy was administered to all subjects for a period ranging from 9 to 53 months.The modified Rankin Scale (mRS)improved significantly as compared to baselines in all except for one ease,the mRS were4,4,4,2,2,2 vs 4,3,2,1,0,1 (Z=-2.07,P=0.038).Conclusions Vertebral artery dissection has unique clinical features.Neuroimnging is useful in confirming the diagnosis.The occlusive lesion of the involved vertebral artery is reversible under long-term anticoagulant treatment.The prognosis is relatively positive.

PurposeTo evaluate the shear wave elastography in diagnosis of intraductal papillomas, benign or malignant breast lesions.Materials and Methods From December 2013 to December 2014, 145 female patients with 155 lesions who underwent ultrasonography and shear wave elastography in general hospital of PLA were retrospectively studied. All the lesions were confirmed by pathology via surgery or biopsy. The performance of the maximum elasticity, the mean elasticity, the minimum elasticity values and the elasticity ratio in diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors were analyzed. The portion of intraductal papillomas in misdiagnosed cases was calculated. The elasticity values of intraductal papillomas were compared with those of other breast benign and malignant lesions.ResultsAmong 155 lesions, pathology confirmed intraductal papillomas in 20 lesions, fibroadenosis in 23 lesions, fibroadenoma in 23 lesions, inflammation in 9 lesions, adenosis with fibroadenoma in 17 lesions, and breast cancer in 63 lesions. The maximum, mean, minimum elasticity values and the elasticity ratio of intraductal papillomas were (84.39±74.08) kPa, (51.33±46.36) kPa, (26.55±24.98) kPa and 2.80±2.18, respectively. The elasticity values of intraductal papillomas were between those of breast cancer and other benign lesions, and there were no statistically significant (P=0.003).ConclusionThe elasticity values of intraductal papillomas were between those of breast cancer and other benign lesions, which may be a potential reason to cause misdiagnosis using shear wave elastography to differentiate breast benign and malignant diseases.

Objective To assess the value of lobectomy by video-assisted mini-thoracotomy(VAMT) for the treatment of peripheral pulmonary carcinoma.Methods From January 2004 to December 2007,56 cases of peripheral pulmonary carcinoma underwent VAMT lobectomy under general anaesthesia in our hospital.Of the patients,5 had the tumor in the upper lobe of the right lung,2 in the middle lobe of the right lung,19 in the superior lobe of the right lung,8 in the upper lobe of the left lung,and 22 in the superior lobe of the left lung.All the tumors were no more than 5 cm in diameter.All the cases were intubated with double-lumen tubes and then one-lung ventilation was performed.With the patients being placed in a lateral position,a mini-incision(6.0-8.0 cm in length) was made at the fourth or fifth intercostal space.And another 1.5-cm incision was made at the sixth intercostal space along the midaxillary line for introducing the video-thoracoscope.The resected pulmonary lobe was removed though the mini-incision.Afterwards,enlarged lymph nodes were dissected as routine.Results During the operation,no incision was prolonged in the cases.A mean of 14 lymph nodes were removed(ranged from 9 to 31).The mean operation time was(145?35) min(range,120 to 220 min),and the intraoperative hemorrhage was 100 to 450 ml [(210?48) ml].The patients were discharged from hospital in 5 to 11 days(mean,7 days).Seven of the patients developed complications including thoracic effusion in 5 and atelectasis in 2.The patients were followed up for 1 year,3 of them died during the period(1 year survival rate:94.6%).Conclusion VAMT lobectomy is feasible and safe for peripheral lung cancer.

Objective To obtain the elasticity value of non-mass-like breast lesions with supersonic shear wave elastrography (SWE), in order to observe the value of quantitative elastography with SWE in differential diagnosis of non-mass-like breast lesions. Methods SWE was performed in 80 non-mass-like breast lesions. Taking pathologic results as reference, quantitative elasticity value of the lesions were performed. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and speciifcity were calculated. Results In the 80 non-mass-like breast lesions, 37 lesions (46%) were malignant and 43 lesions (54%) were benign. The max and mean elasticity value of malignant lesions were (106.28±46.39) kPa and (51.02±30.06) kPa, and the max and mean elasticity value of benign lesions were (37.13±18.22) kPa and (26.44±15.62) kPa. There was statistical differences between malignant and benign lesions in max and mean elasticity values (t=15.328, 18.149, both P<0.05). Taking 61.25 kPa as the threshold of max elasticity value and 40.65 kPa as the threshold of mean elasticity value, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and speciifcity were 70.53%, 66.83%, 51.22%and 68.34%, 65.81%, 50.63%, respectively. When max elasticity was combined with conventional ultrasound (US), the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and speciifcity were 84.17%, 92.28%and 68.39%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy and speciifcity signiifcantly increased compared with conventional US (χ2=5.217, 9.652, both P<0.05). When mean elasticity was combined with conventional US, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and speciifcity were 82.35%, 90.66%, and 63.35%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy and speciifcity signiifcantly increased compared with conventional US (χ2=5.084, 8.686, both P<0.05). Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy and speciifcity of SWE for non-mass-like breast lesions are not high. But when SWE is combined with conventional US, the diagnostic accuracy and speciifcity increase signiifcantly, which is very helpful for the diagnostic of non-mass-like breast lesions.

A questionnaire survey on the awareness and knowledge about stroke was conducted in 392 residents of Fangzhuang community.The results showed residents in Fangzhuang had high awareness rate about stroke,the rates of knowing early symptoms of stroke were from 57.91％ to 79.08％.83.16％ (326) of residents knew to dial 120 or 999 at emergency.The community doctors were thought as the main resource of gaining the knowledge of stroke (78.32％ ).The results indicate that Fangzhuang community health service center plays an important role in health education and guidance for emergent management of stroke in the community.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in the general population for routine physical examination in Taiyuan area. Methods Blood samples from 8125 individuals in Taiyuan were assayed for thyrotropin, free T 3, free T 4 and antithyroid antibodies. Results The prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism was 1.20%, that of subclinical hyperthyroidism was 0.87%. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was 1.03%, that of subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.95%. The prevalences of various thyroid dysfuctions were higher in females than those in males (P

The vertebral artery dissection may be associated with the structural abnormalities of vascular wall or enviromental factors.The symptoms are usually caused by the luminal stenosis or the formation of blood clot,including the pain in posterior neck or mastoid region with local neurological deficits.The diagnostic methods for vertebral artery dissection include digital subtraction angiogaphy,magnetic resonance imaging,CT angiograpby and color Doppler ultrasonography.Anticoagulation is the main treatment option for most patients with vertebral artery dissection.

Proteio degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS) is carried out with a wide variety of signallingpathways,from cell cycle and transcription to development.The mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques are powerful tools in the research of UPS.The recent advance in the study of UPS by proteomics techniques is briefly reviewed.