Objective: To investigate the effect of edaravone on the pain sensitivity in rats with spinal nerve ligated and to probe into the related mechanism. Methods: Male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a sham (Sham) group, a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) group and edaravone(Eda) group. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT) was measured before and after ligation (once daily for 7 days). Rats were sacrificed at specified time points and the left(operation side) L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia(DRG) and the right (control side) L5 DRG were obtained and immunostained to observe the changes of pJNK in DRG neurons and spinal cords, so as to observe the effect of edaravone on pJNK. Results: Edaravone can reduce the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by spinal nerve ligation. Immunostaining showed that the SNL group had an increased pJNK in the ipsilateral DRG neurons (L5) 24 hours after ligation; double immunofluorescence indicated that the expression of pJNK in the ipsilateral spinal astrocytes was increased 3 days after ligation. Edaravone can reduce pJNK expression in DRG neurons and spinal cords at corresponding time points. Conclusion: Edaravone can relieve the neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation, and the mechanism might be related to the inhibition of pJNK expression in DRG neurons and spinal cords.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel, which can be activated by multiple pathways during the course of the diseases. Recent studies indicate that primary sensory neurons of the pancreas express TRPV1 receptor and the activation of TRPV1 receptor promotes pancreatic inflammation. Moreover, blockade of these transient receptor potential channels can greatly ameliorate the pain response in experimental pancreatitis.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy

Objective To explore the feasibility of language sample analysis in assessment of language development in children in order to provide evidences for its clinical application. Methods The study population consisted of a cross-sectional sample of 50 preschool Putonghua-speaking children aged 4 to 6 years. The data on measurement of utterance length (MLU) and lexical diversity (D) were computed from 20 minutes' conversational language samples, and correlation analysis was conducted among MLU, D, age, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Splited sample analysis by comparing MLU of first one hundred utterances and MLU of last one hundred utterance, D of odd lexicals and D of even lexicals were conducted to test the validity of language sample indictors. Results MLU and D development of the preschool Putonghua-speaking children were positively related to age. MLU, D, age, verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and PPVT were associated with each other (P<0.05 or P≤0.01) except age and VIQ(P>0.05). There were significant correlations between MLU of first one hundred utterances and MLU of last one hundred utterances and between D of odd lexicals and D of even lexicals(P=0.000). Conelusion Language sample analysis proves to be feasible in assessment of language development in preschool children aged 4 to 6 years.

Cellulase was produced by growing Penicillium sp. NXP25 in liquid medium consisted of 5% com cob powder, 3% wheat bran, 0.35% nitrogen source No 10 and 0.3% calcium chloride. The optimum culture conditions were initial pH 5.0, 10% mycelial inoculum, temperature 29℃, shaking speed 280r/min and cultivation time 72h. When determining enzyme activity at 50℃, endo-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, extro-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, ?-glucosidase activity and filter paper enzyme activity of the supernatant of the culture were 841u/mL, 13u/mL, 24u/mL and 46u/mL, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the action of the above enzymes were pH 4.8 and60℃, pH5.0 and 50℃, pH 4.5 and 70℃, pH 5.0 and 55℃, respectively. Stable pH range of the above enzymes were 3.0-7.0, 4.0~6.0, 4.0~7.0 and 4.0~6.0, respectively. After incubating the enzyme complex at 65C for 30min, 24% of endo-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, 7% of extro-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, 89%of ?-glucosidase activity and 8% of filter paper enzyme activity were remained, respctively.

Objective To investigate the expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein and mRNA in the lung of rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham operation (SO), intrahepatic portal hypertension (IHPH), prehepatic portal hypertension (PHPH) and portasymstimic shunt (PCS). Two weeks after preparation of rat models, the following measurements were performed: arterial blood gas analysis; the concentrations of NO in lungs; in situ hybridization of ecNOS and iNOS mRNA expressions in lung tissue sections with digoxin-labeled ecNOS and iNOS oligonucleotide probes; expressions of ecNOS and iNOS proteins by immunohistochemisty; image and semiquantitative analysis of the expressions of ecNOS, iNOS and their mRNA. Results PaO_ 2 was (73.85?6.51) mmHg in IHPH rats, significantly lower than that in PHPH, PCS and SO rats97.39? 1.33, 95.23?2.22 and (99.05?0.75)mmHg, respectively.The level of lung NO of IHPH was(19.78?5.33)?mol per gram of protein,much higher than that of PHPH, PCS and SO 13.21?3.99,13.89?3.16 and (8.71?1.68)?mol per gram of protein,respectively. In capillary endothelia, positive expressions of ecNOS mRNA and ecNOS protein in IHPH(4.96?0.82,4.11?0.28) were significantly higher than those of PHPH (1.81? 0.39, 1.63?0.18), PCS (1.88?0.53,1.83?0.16)and SO(1.19?0.32,0.98?0.20). Conclusion The expressions of NOS protein and mRNA in the lung of rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome were increased, and the level of lung NO was elevated, which seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the changing regularity of nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) in recurrent febrile seizures (FS), and the influence of NOS/NO on brain damage induced by recurrent FS.Methods FS rats were induced in a bath of warm water.The ex-periments were divided into 2 groups. The contents of nNOS cDNA in the first group was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and the contents of nNOS protein was measured by Western blot.The mtensity , latency, duration and rectal temperature of the seizure in rats in the second group were recorded. Morphologic changes of hippocampal neurons were observed with HE stain.Results Alter recur-rent FS, the expression of nNOS mRNA in hippocampus was significantly inereased compared with those in control group and hyper-thermia group, associated with an increase of nNOS protein.With the increase of seizure number,thert were changes of seizure latency and gradually prolonged trend of the seizure duration. By using the inhibitor of NOS, the seizure latency was gradually prolonged and the prolonged trend of the seizure duration was significantly decreased than that in FS group.There was no significantly difference of seizure intensity and rectal temperature between 2 groups.After recurrent FS, histological changes of hippocampal neurons could be seen under light microscope.The inhibitor alleviated nearonal injury.Conclusions Recurrent FS can induce nNOS gent expression.The NOS/NO system may be involved in the development of brain damage induced recurrent FS.

Objective To explore the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on ?-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA_BR) subunits during recurrent febrile seizures (FS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (37.0 ℃ water,n=8), FS group (45.2 ℃ water,n=8), FS + SNP group (45.2 ℃ water,n=8), FS+L-NMMA group (45.2 ℃ water,n=8). FS rats were induced 10 times in a warm-water bath, once every 2 days. The plasma level of NO was detected by the spectrophotometer. The expressions of GABA_BR subunit mRNA and c-fos gene were examined by in situ hybridization. The expressions of GABA_BR subunit and Fos protein were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results The plasma level of NO increased in FS + SNP group while decreased in FS+L-NMMA group compared with that in FS group. The expressions of GABA_BR_2 were down-regulated in FS+SNP group, while GABA_BR_1 hardly changed compared with those in FS group. In FS+L-NMMA group, both the expression of GABA_BR_2 and GABA_BR_1 up regulated compared with those in FS group. The expressions of c-fos gene and Fos protein were significantly enhanced after recurrent FS. SNP elevated the expressions of c-fos gene and Fos protein, while L-NMMA down regulated the expressions of them.Conclusion NO may play a regulatory role through modulating GABA_BR function in the pathogenesis of recurrent FS.

Objective To explore the influence of ?-aminobutyric acid B receptor(GABA_BR)on carbon monoxide (CO)/heme oxygenase(HO-1)system during recurrent febrile seizures (FS).Methods Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly divi- ded into 4 groups:control group and FS group,FS+baclofen group,FS+phaclofen group.FS in rats were induced 10 times in a bath of warm water, once every 2 days.The plasma level of CO was detected by the dual wave lengh spectrophotometer;the expressions of GABA_BR and HO-1 mRNA were examined by insitu hybridization;the expressions of GABA_BR and HO-1 protein were observed by immunohistochemistry.Results The plasma level of CO increased in FS+baclofen group,while decreased in FS+phaclofen group compared with FS group.The expressions of GABA_BR and HO-1 upregulated in FS+baclofen group,while decreased in FS+phaclofen group compared with FS group.There were significant difference (All P