Existence of rays with different decay rate between radiotherapy CT bed and radiotherapy bed, this paper discusses the rate induced and identified two kinds of simple solution.
Equipment Failure ; Radiotherapy ; instrumentation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and the relevant effect factors of acupuncture for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in females.

METHODSOf 83 female patients of T2DM, 49 cases were deficiency of kidney yin syndrome and 34 cases were yin and yang deficiency syndrome. Acupuncture was adopted and the acupoints were selected according to the syndrome differentiation. In kidney yin deficiency syndrome, Taixi (KI 3), Shenmen (HT 7), Taichong (LR 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. were selected. In yin and yang deficiency syndrome, Shenshu (BL 23), Pishu (BL 20), Yishu (Extra) and Jingmen (GB 25), etc. were selected. In 3 courses of treatment, the changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulin resistace index (Homa-IR), index of islet beta-cell function (Homa-beta), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were compared before and after treatment between the two groups. The relationship of the efficacy was analyzed in terms of the syndrome differentiation, age, duration of sickness, obesity and hereditary factors.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, the levels of FPG, FINS, Homa-IR, TC, TG and LDL-C were reduced obviously (all P < 0.01) and the levels of ISI, Homa-beta and HDL-C were increased apparently (all P < 0.01). The total clinical effective rate was 80.7% (67/83), in which, that of kidney yin deficiency syndrome was 83.7% (41/49) and that of yin and yang deficiency syndrome was 76.5% (26/34). The efficacy was not different significantly between the two syndromes. But, the younger the age was, the better the efficacy was.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture positively regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism in the patients of T2DM. This therapy improves insulin resistance, enhances the body sensitivity to insulin and improves insulin beta-cell function. The efficacy is related to the patient's age.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Seizures, Febrile ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To examine the effects of oxidative stress induced damage to the Prestin expression in HEI-OC1 cells,and to study the mechanism of sensory deafness.Methods We used different concentrations (50μM,100μM,200μM)of hydrogen peroxide canister to cultivate HEI-OC1 cells,and to detect the activity of su-peroxide dismutase(SOD).The quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the prestin expression of mRNA.Results The SOD activity decreased in the HEI-OC1 cells damaged by oxidative stress.The high concentration of the infected group decreased more significantly(F= 9926.293,P<0.01).The expressions of Prestin mRNA and Prestin protein were decreased obviously in the HEI-OC1 cells.The high concentration of in-fected group decreased more significantly (F= 4065.046and7657.217,P<0.01).Conclusion Oxidative stress in-ducing damage inhibits the expression of prestin.Prestin protein may be used as a molecular marker of sensory deafness.

OBJECTIVEEndothelial apoptosis plays an important role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. It would be useful to clarify whether activation of non-neuronal muscarinic receptor (NNMR) could prevent endothelial apoptosis and atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of NNMR activation on regulating rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) apoptosis induced by homocysteine, an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, and further studied its molecular mechanism.

METHODSRAECs were incubated using homocysteine at the concentration of 2.7 mmol/L for 36 h. RAECs were also pre-treated with carbachol or arecoline to examine their effects. RT-PCR was used to assess changes in the gene expression related to cell apoptosis.

RESULTSIncubation of RAECs with homocysteine at the concentration of 2.7 mmol/L resulted in morphologic changes, such as cellular shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and margination. These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors. Carbachol and arecoline attenuated the effects of homocysteine on genes in the death receptor pathway, in the mitochondrial pathway and in the downstream pathway. Atropine could reverse all of the effects of arecoline.

CONCLUSIONActivation of NNMR by carbacol and arecoline inhibits homocysteine-induced endothelial cell apoptosis mainly through regulation of death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway and downstream effectors.

Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Arecoline ; Carbachol ; Cell Cycle ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Homocysteine ; adverse effects ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; metabolism

Animals ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X ; physiology ; Xenopus laevis

Ear ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Facial Neoplasms ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland

Objective To analyze the relevant factors of portal vein thrombosis in patients after splenectomy for portal hypertension due to cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis. Methods The clinical data of 226 patients with hypertension due to cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis receiving simple splenectomy or splenectomy and portal-azygous devascularization in our hospital from August 2000 to June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Effective results were found in 154 of the patients. The 154 cases were divided into the thrombosis group and non-thrombosis group. The relation of portal vein thrombosis to the descendent level of portal vein pressure after operation,the prothrombin ratio (PTR) and fibrinogen(FIB) before operation, platelet count before and 1, 7, 14 days after operation, diameter of main portal vein and bilirubin level before operation and blood loss in operation were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results Portal vein thrombosis occurred in 31 patients. Regression univariate analysis showed that portal vein thrombosis was related to the descendent level of portal vein pressure after operation but not to the PTR and FIB, platelet count, diameter of main portal vein, bilirubin level and blood loss. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the same results. Conclusion The descended level of portal vein pressure is an important factor in portal vein thrombosis in patients after splenectomy for portal hypertension due to cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis.

Objective To study the relationship between urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)and cardiac structure and function in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Five hundred and twenty patients with T2DM were divided into three groups by 8 h UAER:normoalbuminuria group(424 cases),microalbuminuria group(75 cases)and macroalbuminuria group(21 cases).At the same time,50 healthy people were selected as control group.The cardiac structure and function in four groups were evaluated by echocardiographic measurements.Results Left atrial dimensio[(34.39±3.46)mm],left ventricular posterior wall thickness[(10.34±1.05)mm],relative wall thickness(0.46±0.05),interventricular septal thickness[(10.49±1.07)mm],left ventricular mass[(167.37±32.12)g],left ventricular mass index[(87.62±12.16)g/m2]in macroalbuminuria group were significantly higher than those in control group[(32.59±2.71)mm,(9.30±0.77)mm,0.42±0.04,(9.75±0.81)mm,(147.33±27.23)g,(80.14±13.81)g/m2](P＜0.05),mean while the ratio of E/A(0.82±0.19)in macroalbuminuria group was significantly lower than that in control group(1.21±0.16)(P＜0.05).Conclusions In T2DM patients with albuminuria,the cardiac structure and function have changed.With the increase of UAER,the impairments are more prominent.And it may predict diabetes cardiomyopathy.

Objective To analyze relevant factors causing pancreatic fistula post pancreaticoduodenectomy with ex-ternal drainage of pancreatic duct. Methods Altogether 133 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with exter-nal drainage of pancreatic duct in our hospital from 1999 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relevance of pancreatic fistula with age, gender, combined diseases, pancreatic duct diameter, patho-logical types, preoperative total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB) levels, drainage of the bile duct before operation, obstruc-tion of the pancreatic duct drainage and postoperative application of growth somatostatin. Then we also analyzed the relation-ship between those risk factors and the severity of pancreatic fistula. Results Postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 24 cases (3 cases were of grade A,13 cases were of grade B and 8 cases were of grade C) among the 133 patients. Logistic re-gression analysis showed that obstruction of the pancreatic duct drainage is a major risk factor of pancreatic fistula in these patients(OR=4.529,P=0.005). The patients whose pancreatic duct drainage was obstructed had a significantly higher pan-creatic fistula rate than the patients whose drainage was not obstructed (30.8%vs 12.8%, P＜0.05). The occurrence of pan-creatic fistula has no significant correlation with age, gender, combined diseases, pancreatic duct diameter, pathological types, preoperative TBIL, ALB level, preoperative bile duct drainage and postoperative application of somatostatin. What’s more, in those pancreatic fistula patients, the pancreatic fistulas were more severe in the obstructed ones than those in the un-obstructed ones. Conclusion The obstruction of the pancreatic duct drainage is a major risk factor of pancreatic fistula post pancreaticoduodenectomy with external drainage of pancreatic duct. If adequate preventive measures were employed during operation , the incidence of pancreatic fistula and pancreatic fistula severity will be significantly reduced.