Objective To compare the effect of proximal femoral intramedullary nail fixation and femoral retrograde intramedullary nail combined with hollow lag screw fixation in the treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures.Methods Data of 42 patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures who were admitted in our hospital from January 2007 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different fixation methods,the patients were divided into two groups:single intramedullary nail group (SIN group) (20 cases,treated with single proximal femoral intramedullary nail,15 males and 5 females with an average age of 39.4);combined internal fixation group (CIF group) (22 cases,treated with femoral distal intramedullary nail combined with femoral neck hollow lag screw,17 males and 5 females with an average age of 42.2 years).In the SIN group,4 cases were type A,9 cases type B,7 cases type C according to AO classification.And 14 cases belonged to Ⅰ or Ⅱ (stable fracture),6 cases of type Ⅲ or Ⅳ (unstable fracture) according to Garden classification.In the CIF group,3 cases were type A,10 cases type B,9 cases type C according to AO classification.And 16 cases belonged to type Ⅰ or type Ⅱ,6 cases type Ⅲ or Ⅳ according to Garden classification.The incision length,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time,postoperative weight time,stability of internal fixation,hip function score,pain in the knee and postoperative complication rate were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in gender,age and fracture classification between the two groups.The operation time (75.0±10.2 min),intraoperative blood loss (150.6±80.4 ml),hip Harris score excellent rate (80％) of incidence of knee pain in postoperative 3 months (10.0％) of the SIN group were significantly lower than those of the CIF group (105.2±18.4 min,180.0±56.8 ml,86.4％ and 31.8％).The length of incision (8.3±1.4 cm) in the SIN group was significantly longer than that in the CIF group (4.0±0.6 cm).There was no significant difference in fracture healing time (SIN group 20.O±4.0 weeks,CIF group 19.6±4.2 weeks) and postoperative weight time (SIN group 8.2±4.0 weeks,CIF group 8.0±4.2 weeks) between the two groups.The main complications of the two groups were delayed union (3 cases of SIN group and 1 case of CIF group),nonunion of fracture (1 case of SIN group) and,coxa vara (1 case of SIN group).The complication of SIN group (30％) was significantly higher than that of CIF group (4.5％),which occurred mainly in unstable femoral neck fracture cases.Conclusion Both proximal femoral intramedullary nail fixation and femoral retrograde intramedullary nail combined with hollow lag screw can effectively treat femoral ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture.Femoral retrograde intramedullary nail combined with hollow lga screw has more therapeutic advantages for unstable femoral neck fractures (Garden Ⅲ and Ⅳ).

A fusion protein of glucagons-like peptide-1 and human serum albumin (GLP-1/HSA) was expressed and secreted into the fermentation broth with recombinant Pichia pastoris. The productivity of expressed GLP-1/HSA could reach 63.6mg/L in 10L fermentor. After concentrated with hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane, GLP-1/HSA was purified from fermentation broth by hydrophobic chromatography, negative ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography in turn. The HPLC analysis showed that the purified GLP-1/HSA had an overall purity of 95.8%. Furthermore, the analysis of in vivo activity indicated that GLP-1/HSA had the bioactivity of native GLP-1, and could significantly reduce blood glucose level 4h after intraperitoneal administration. It was concluded that a great deal of GLP-1/HSA with higher purity could be harvested by Pichia pastoris expression system and the established purification methods. Preliminary studies show a new potential for developing the long-acting GLP-1 analogs for clinical applications.

The aim of this study is to compare the contents of five types of anthraquinones which mainly includes chrysophanol, physcion, emodin, rhein and physcion and phenolic acids in ten different processed products from Rheum officinale, and to investigate the effect of different initial processing method on the contents of anthraquinones and phenolic acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out by SPSS software to evaluate the quality of different processed products from Rh. officinale. In conclusion, the contents of anthraquinones in different processed products from Rh. officinale assume the certain regularity. Whether fresh-cut Rheum officinale Bail and how to dry it are derectly effect the contents of anthraquinones and phenolic compounds. The content of anthraquinones in rheum officinale of drying is obviously higher than smudging, and was more abundant in branch root than tap roots. Rh. officinale of drying which growed in Fengjie gained the highest score in PCA. Meanwhile, the procedure of wetting also help to increase the content of anthraquinones and decrease the content of phenolic acids.
Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydroxybenzoates ; chemistry ; Rheum ; chemistry

Objective To validate the effect of anti-infective reconstituted bone xenograft (ARBX) in treating posttraumatic osteomyelitis by one-stage grafting in the adults.Methods With clinical application approval of Medical Command,Logistics Ministry of PLA,ARBX was used to treat 27 adult patients (29 lesions) with posttraumatic osteomyelitis by one-stage grafting after debridement since September 2001.The study analyzed 27 patients (29 grafts) who were followed up for average 26 months (12-63 months).Results The follow-up for average 26 months (12-63 months) in 27 patients showed that infection of 22 patients (24 lesions) was controlled and cured,except for three with failure to control the infection or with recurrence of infection,two with controlled infection but with postoperative nonunion.The infection control rate was 89.7% (26/29) and the cure rate was 82.8% (24/29) ,which were better than the results of traditional therapy.Conclusions ARBX has high osteoinductive activity and enhanced anti-infective capability,which enables it to be used as one-stage grafting to treat posttraumatic osteomyelitis in the adults.

Objective To observe the long-term efficacy of anti-infective reconstituted bone xenograft (ARBX) combined with external fixation of posttraumatic long bone infection in lower extremities.Methods This retrospective case series study included 36 patients with posttraumatic long bone infection in lower extremities followed up for more than 18 months after receiving one-stage ARBX bone grafting combined with ring external fixation from January 2004 to December 2013.There were 21 male and 15 female patients,at the age of 19-72 years (mean,35.8 years).Multiple fractures were seen in 24 patients and single fractures in 12 patients.Bone and functional results were evaluated using the association for the study and application of the method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) classification.Results Follow-up ranged from 18 to 72 months (mean,38 months).Bone union was seen in 33 cases in a mean period of 5.2 months,and infection was completely cured.Length of limbs in all patients reached the expected extension length with the bone extension length of 3-10 cm (mean,5.2 cm).All the extended areas showed bone healing.According to the ASAMI classification,bone result was excellent in 20 patients,good in 13 and fair in 3,with the excellent and good rate of 92％,and limb function recovery was excellent in 18 patients,good in 11 and fair in 7,with the excellent and good rate of 81％.Conclusion ARBX adjuvant external fixator treatment of posttraumatic long bone infection in lower extremities improves bone healing rate and limb function recovery rate and shortens bone healing time at one stage.

OBJECTIVETo develop the knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on the prevention and control of occupational diseases for occupational groups, and to provide a convenient and effective tool for the survey of knowledge, attitude, and behavior on the prevention and control of occupational diseases in occupational groups and the evaluation of intervention effect.

METHODSThe initial questionnaire which was evaluated by the experts was used to carry out a pre-survey in Guangzhou, China. The survey results were statistically analyzed by t test, identification index method, correlation analysis, and Cronbach's a coefficient method. And then the questionnaire was further modified, and the content of the questionnaire was determined finally.

RESULTSAfter modification, there were 18 items on knowledge, 16 items on attitude, and 12 items on behavior in the "Knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on the prevention and control of occupational diseases for enterprise managers"; there were 19 items on knowledge, 10 items on attitude, and 11 items on behavior in the "Knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on the prevention and control of occupational diseases for workers".

CONCLUSIONThe knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on the prevention and control of occupational diseases for occupational groups is developed successfully, and it is a convenient and effective tool for the survey of knowledge, attitude, and behavior on the prevention and control of occupational diseases in occupational groups and the evaluation of intervention effect.

The association between thyroglobulin gene polymorphism and autoimmune thyroid disease was investigated.A total of eight case-control studies were included.E33SNP was associated with increased susceptibility of autoimmune thyroid disease in recessive model (OR =1.54,95 ％ CI 1.21 ～ 1.97,P =0.024),while E12SNP was associated with increased susceptibility of autoimmune thyroid disease in allele model (OR =1.12,95％ CI 1.05 ～1.21,P =0.033).Thyroglobulin gene polymorphism seems to be associated with autoimmune thyroid disease.

Objective To study the effect of sub-chronic exposure to dehamethrin(DM) on the behavior of mice in learning and memory.Methods 60 Female SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and given DM by gavaging for 60 days.Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate spatial memory in mice.Results After exposure to DM,the escape latency of the solvent control group and the treatment groups were (12.20±6.5)s,(14.99±5.4) s,(15.64±8.3)s,(22.71±6.2)s on the fifth day.The escape latency of the high-dose group was higher than those of the low-dose group (P=0.0041) and the solvent control group (P=0.019) in the navigation test.The number of crossing position of the platform in the high-dose group ((2.93± 1.53)times) and the middle-dose group ((3.40± 1.12) times) were lower than that in the solvent control group ((5.87 ± 1.55) times) and the low-dose group ((4.90± 1.41)times)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sub-chronic exposure to DM can damage the spatial learning and memory of mice.

Background Researches showed that wild-type p53(wtp53)and Rb94 genes inhibit the growth of retinoblastoma(RB),and these genes are involved in signal pathway in the induction and maintenance of cellular senescence.Thus the combination of two genes to inhibit growth of RB is concerned.Objective This study was to observe the inhibitory effect of the co-transfection of Rb94 and wtp53 gcnc into subretina on RB with ultrasound microbubble.Methods HXO-Rb44 suspension was subretinally injected to establish the RB model in 40 SPF female Balb/c nude mice.The RB models were randomized into model control group,wtp53 group,Rb94 group and wtp53+Rb94 group,and 0.1 ml relevant gene microvesicle suspension was injected via caudal vein in the different groups,but no any gene was used in the model control group.Seven days after modeling,followed by 0.5 W/cm2ultrasonic wave irradiated the eyeballs immediately for 4 seconds ×2 times and interrupted for 24 seconds.Eyeballs were extracted 7 days after gene transfection,and the expressions of wtp53 mRNA and Rb94 mRNA in tumor tissuc were detected by RT-PCR,and wtp53 and Rb94 protein in tumor tissue were assayed using Western blot.Immunochemistry was used to exam the VEGF expression,and TUNEL was used to evaluate the apoptosis of the tumor cells.Results The model successful rate after HXO-Rb44 suspension was 80％ (32/40)and obvious malformation cells were seen under the light microscope.In 7 days after gene transfection,no response band for wtp53 mRNA and Rb94 mRNA were found.The relative expression valuc of wtp53 mRNA was 0.65±0.07 in the wtp53 group,and that in wtp53+Rb94 group was 0.32±0.02,showing a significant difference between them (t =11.743,P =0.000).Rb94mRNA relative value was 0.42 ±0.03 in Rb94 group,and that in the wtp53 + Rb94 group was 0.23 ± 0.03,with a significant difference(t=5.041,P=0.001).The response bands of wtp53 and Rb94 proteins were seen in wtp53group,Rb94 group and wtp53+Rb94 group.Immunochemistry showed that the positive reactive intensity for VEGF in tumor tissue was obviously weaker in wtp53+Rb94 group than that in the wtp53 group,Rb94 group and model control group.Apoptotic index(Al) was 37.35±2.14 in the wtp53+Rb94 group,showing a significant increase in comparison with model control group (0.46 ± 0.05),wtp53 group (5.05 ± 0.80) and Rb94 group (6.43 ± 1.02) (t =-34.395,-28.206,-26.006,P＜0.01).Conclusions Ultrasound microvesicle enable double gene transfecting into RB tumor tissue,and Rb94 gene cooperation with wtp53 gene enhance the inhibitory effect on RB by promoting the apoptosis of RB cells.

Background Though nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) have a critical role in angiogenesis,their effects on corneal neovascularization (CNV) and mechanism need to be further explored.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of NOS and its antagonist,Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on experimental CNV in mice,and investigate the influence of NOS and L-NAME on the tube formation of human retinal endothelial cells (RECs) in vitro.Methods The CNV models were established in the left eyes of 36 male BALB/c mice aged 7-8 weeks by application of the filter paper with NaOH in the center of corneas.The mice were randomized into two groups.L-NAME of 10 g/L (0.5 ml) was intraperitoneally injected 1 week before induction of CNV three times a week for three weeks in the mice of the L-NAME injection,and PBS was used in the same way in the control group.CNV was examined under the slit lamp biomicroscope 2,4,7,14 days after NaOH burn.The expression of CD31 in the CNV was assayed to calculate the ratio of CNV area and total corneal area using whole mount technique.The expression of NOS mRNA in the corneal tissue was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and VEGF expression in the human RECs was assayed by Western blot.The vessel formation number of cultured human RECs with or without L-NAME was performed by matrigel in vitro.Grouped t test was used to compare the differences of the parameters between the two groups.Results CNV developed and peaked 2 weeks after the application of NaOH on the mice corneas,and the CNV was obviously less in the L-NAME group compared with the control group.The expression of NOS mRNA in the corneas (NOS mRNA/ GAPDH mRNA)was significantly lower in the L-NAME group than that of the control group 2,4,7 days after CNV induction (t =19.481,t=22.059,t=10.961,all at P＜0.01).The ratio of the CD31 positive area in whole corneal area was 0.59± 0.01 in the L-NAME group,and that of the control group was 0.78±0.10,showing a significant difference between the two groups (t =3.078,P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that the relative expression of VEGF protein in human RECs was declined in the L-NAME group compared with the control group 0,2,4,7 days,with statistically significant differences in 4 days and 7 days after NaOH burn(t=7.696,t=17.953,both at P＜0.01).The number of vessel network was 46.33±1.86 in the L-NAME group and 64.00±4.51 in the control group,with a significant difference between them (t =3.623,P＜0.05).Conclusions NOS participated in the pathogenesis and aggravation of CNV induced by NaOH.L-NAME arrests CNV formation and human RECs tube formation through down regulating the VEGF expression and NOS activity.