Adolescent ; Chronic Disease ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Syndrome

Objective:To introduce the application of 3D printing technology in standardized residency training of percutaneous precise biopsy.Methods:Twenty-two residents were randomly divided into innovative teaching group and traditional teaching group, with 11 ones in each group. Residents in both groups received standardized training of percutaneous biopsy procedure. Innovative teaching group was given 3D printing template combined with guided operation, while traditional teaching group used bare hand operation. The time spent in biopsy, the times of needle adjustment, the frequency of CT scanning during operation, the positive rate of material sampling and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results:During the percutaneous lung biopsy, two groups of physicians performed the procedure. There was no significant difference between the two groups in operation time [(22.34±3.12) vs. (23.56±4.21)] and the positive rate of sampling (72.73% vs. 90.91%) ( P> 0.05), but there were significant differences in the times of adjusting biopsy needle during operation [(2.11±0.67) vs. (1.02±0.93)], the frequency of intraoperative CT scanning [(4.35±0.76) vs. (3.12±0.84)] and the incidence of complications (54.55% vs. 27.27%) ( P< 0.05). In percutaneous peritoneal organ biopsy, there was no significant difference among the two groups in the operation time [(16.25±2.89) vs. (15.12±2.59)], the number of CT scans [(3.45±0.79) vs. (2.98±0.23)] and the positive rate (78.57% vs. 88.24%) ( P> 0.05), but there were significant differences in times of intraoperative biopsy needle adjustments [(2.43±0.43) vs. (1.84±0.89)] and the incidence of complications (35.71% vs. 5.88%) ( P< 0.05). Conclusion:The application of 3D printing technology combined with the teaching of three-dimensional guided stent can make percutaneous biopsy technique stylized and standardized. It is of great significance to standardize the operation for improving the quality of medical treatment, and it is worth popularizing in clinical teaching.

Objective To investigate the changes of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and cell apoptosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the influence of brain-derived neutrophic factor(BDNF) on these parameters in rats.Methods Eighty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups:BDNF (n =42) and control (n =42) groups.The BDNF group was induced using the improved Zea-longa method and were received abdominal injections of BDNF (0.5 μg/μl) immediately after injury.The control group was received abdominal injections with the same dose sodium chloride injection immediately after injury and repeated one time everyday until the rats was killed.Each group was divided into seven subgroups by sacrificed time after injury,including subgroups 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,3 d,and 7 d; each subgroup got 6 rats.Each subgroup were randomly selected three rats after being killed.The expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α of rats contusion peri tissues brain tissue were detected by immunohistochemical methods.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL) method was used to observe the peri cell apoptosis after brain contusion.Results The expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α in BDNF group was significantly decreased relative to the control group (P ＜ 0.05),with a significant positive correlation between two parameters in two groups (P ＜ 0.001).The number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in the BDNF group relative to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Brain-derived neutrophic factor probably relieves inflammation response,reduces the change of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury,and decreases neural cell apoptosis,and finally provides protection of neurocytes.

AIM: To analyze the application on frequency domain optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) technology of pathologic myopia optic disc neurosensory retinal thickness changes and its relationship with axis oculi, sex and age, and help for the early diagnosis of pathological myopia and primary open angle glaucoma.
METHODS:Collected 96 eyes of normal eyes ( axis oculi 23-24mm) and 153 eyes of pathologic myopia eyes ( axis oculi 25-27mm 80 eyes, >27mm 73 eyes). We measured the thickness of nerve fiber layer of the optic disc by OCT and analyzed their relationship with axis oculi, sex and age with multiple linear regression analysis.
RESULTS: The observation group showed significant smaller average thickness of peripapillary, superior, inferior, nasal than the control group ( P<0. 05 ); the difference in the temporal quadrant between the groups were no statistically significant differences (P>0. 05); The partial correlation coefficient of peripapillary average thickness of nerve fiber layer and axis oculi was -1. 31, gender was 5. 21, age was -0. 12.
CONCLUSION:The thickness of nerve fiber layer of the optic disc in the pathologic myopia eyes are decreased than normal eyes, axis oculi, sex and age are influenced factors. The pathologic myopia patients should use different index combined with optic nerve fiber layer thickness decreased to help for the diagnosis of early primary open angle glaucoma.

The information entropy, H = - Pk log Pk, has been proved in this paper to be always positive and invariant for a linear coordinate transformation, so that it can be used as a measuring index. On the contrary, the integral term of the information entropy, H(x) = -f(x) log f(x) dx, is not always positive and invariant for a linear coordinate transformation. Therefore, H(x) can not be used as a measuring index. An example of a probability density function for response of nerve to electric current with different intensities is given to confirm above conclusions.

BackgroundCataract is a leading blinding eye disease,and the prevalence of cataract varies in different regions.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the incidence of cataract,surgical coverage rate of cataract and postoperative visual acuity,and to propose a strategy for blindness prevention in Chifeng Keshiketengqi.Methods This is a cross-sectional survey of research.A random cluster sampling method was performed in 12 populated areas in Keshiketengqi.Inhabitants over 50 years in the region were included in this survey.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Inner Mongolia People' s Hospital.Informed consents were obtained orally from all the subjects.Disease history,visual acuity,intraocular pressure and regular ophthamological examinations were performed.The inclusion criteria of a pilot study and detailed protocol were employed to calculate the incidence rate of cataract.The questionnaire survey was simultaneously adopted to analyze the cataract-related factors.The surgical coverage rate of cataract in this area was calculated.ResultsIn a total 4234 inhabitants,3826 subjects participated in the survey with a response rate of 90.36％.Cataract was found in 1200 participants with an incidence rate of 31.39％.Age,the female gender and illiteracy were identified as risk factors for cataract (x2 =101.005,P =0.000 ;x2 =58.853,P =0.000 ;x2 =12.037,P =0.007 ).The prevalence rates of cataract were 36.98％ and 33.56％ for illiterates and women,respectively.The incidence rate in the Mongol population was significantly higher than that of the Han population ( 34.83％ vs.29.76％ ) (x2 =9.734,P =0.001 ).The cataract surgery rate increased yearly since 1998.When the vision acuity of the fellow eye was ＜0.1,the surgery coverage rate was 20.60％,but the rates were lower in female,illiterates and the Mongol population (x2 =1.993,P =0.038 ;x2 =16.463,P =0.044 ;x2 =8.523,P =0.029).When a pinhole visual acuity of ＜0.05 was determined as the criteria of blindness,the surgical coverage rate was 28.36％.The cataract surgical coverage rates for Han and Mongolian were 30.67％ and 24.53％,respectively,with a significant difference between them (x2 =12.951,P=0.000).The social burden rate was 3.34％ in this area,with a majority of females,illiterates and the Mongol population ( P＜0.05 ).ConclusionsIn agricultural and pastoral areas of Chifeng Keshiketengqi,the ≥50 years old population has a high rate of cataract blindness and low surgery coverage rate.Surgery is still the preferred way for cataract treatment.

AlM:To investigate the effect of teaching mode of problem- based learning ( PBL ) in the teaching of medical students' clinical ophthalmology.
METHODS: Five classes ( total 148 students ) were randomly selected as experimental group, using PBL method, at the same time another 5 classes ( total 151 students) were also randomly selected as control group, using lecture-based learning ( LBL) mode in 2010 grade. The scores of the experimental group were compared with control at the end of term. ln addition, students and teachers were respectively interviewed using self -administered questionnaire to obtain their evaluation for PBL practice.
RESULTS:The mean scores of PBL group (78. 35±7. 63) were significantly higher than control group (71. 68±6. 37) (P<0. 001). Most of students thought that their ability of referring, synthesizing and analyzing information was enhanced by PBL, and their skills both in written and oral were also improved. PBL made it easier to understand the contexts of course. lt was the best way to improve the effect of teaching in ophthalmology based on the increase of quality in novitiate that gives more chance to students of contacting with practice, developing the ability of clinical thinking and verifying the theory in clinical novitiate. Lots of teachers considered that the classroom atmosphere was more active, students were becoming more and more proactive on their classes and the relationship between students and teachers were more harmonious when PBL was used.
CONCLUSlON:Using PBL teaching mode can highly improve the teaching effectiveness of clinical epidemiology, which is worth popularizing.

Objective: Our aim was to study whether the cellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) profile was associated with the parameters of pulmonary function tests. Methods：Lung function tests and BAL were carried out in 18 untreated, non-smoking patients suffering from sarcoidosis and 18 normal subjects. Results：（1）Lung function tests were normal at rest in patients with sarcoidosis（P＞0.05）, the single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased (P＜0.05)，and the small airway function decreased too (P＜0.05).（2）The percentage of lymphocytes in BALF of sarcoidosis increased comparing with the normal subjects（P＜0.01），and the ratio of CD+4 to CD+8 in BALF increased significantly in sarcoidosis（P ＜0.05）, furthermore, the increase of both the percentage of lymphocytes and the ratio of CD+4 to CD+8 in BALF of sarcoidosis were well nagatively correlated with the decrease of the percentage of DLCO (r=-0.67, P＜0.01 and r=-0.55, P＜0.05, respectively), the decrease of mid-expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (FEF50%) was well correlated with the increase of the percentage of lymphocytes in BALF of sarcoidosis (r=-0.54, P＜0.05). Conclusion：Pulmonary diffusing capacity（DLCO) was significently correlated with BALF lymphocyte phenotype，so was small airway function，and can act as the marker of activity of sarcoidosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of preoperative nutritional treatment and perioperative nutrition support for the patients with esophageal cancer.Methods According to the digital table,90 patients with esophageal cancer were divided into the control group(15 cases),preoperative nutrition group(25 cases),postoperation nutrition group(25 cases)and preoperative nutrition + postoperation nutrition group(25 cases).The postoperative quality of life and the complications were compared.Results Postoperative quality of life in the preoperative nutrition group,postoperation nutrition group and preoperative nutrition + postoperation nutrition group were all better than that in the control group(t =14.76,15.13,17.87,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of postoperative complications in patients received nutritional intervention significantly decreased than in the control group(x2 =9.17,12.13,19.18,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The preoperative nutrition and postoperation nutrition can improve the postoperative quality of life and reduce the incidence rate of the complications.

Chromosome Aberrations ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; etiology ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Nose Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis