Objective To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of ginkgo biloba extract 761 on disused skeletal muscle atrophy by observing its effects on the wet weight, protein content and contraction of the gastrocnemius of fixed hindlimb in rats. Methods 24 SD rats were divided into blank group, contrast group and experimental group. Their right hind limbs were fixed for 4 weeks with plastic plaster from metatarsus to 1 cm up the knee. The knee joint was fixed in 100? flexion and the ankle joint in 60? plantar flexion. Rats in the contrast group were perfused with 3mL distilled water, and rats in the experimental group were perfused with ginkgo biloba extract 761 (120 mg/kg, 14 mg/mL). The whole gastrocnemius muscle of the right hindlimb was dissected 4 weeks later to measure its contract tension, wet weight and protein content. Results Compared with the blank group, single maximal contraction, maximal tetanus, wet weight and protein content of the gastrocnemius muscle in the contrast and experimental groups decreased significantly (P

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of controlled continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC) technique in short axial length and shallow anterior chamber eyes.METHODS:Sixty-eight patients(68 eyes) with short axial length and shallow anterior chamber were included.The routine CCC technique was used in 32 cases (32 eyes) and controlled CCC technique was used in 36 cases (36 eyes).The success rate and complication were compared between two groups. RESULTS:The success rate of the routine technique group and controlled technique group was 53. 13% and 86.11% respectively. Incomplete CCC leading to posterior capsule tears was 9.38% and zero in two groups respectively.CONCLUSION: Controlled CCC technique can increase the success rate and reduce complications in short axial length and shallow anterior chamber eyes.KEYWORDS:phacoemulsification; continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis; complication

Objective: Our aim was to study whether the cellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) profile was associated with the parameters of pulmonary function tests. Methods：Lung function tests and BAL were carried out in 18 untreated, non-smoking patients suffering from sarcoidosis and 18 normal subjects. Results：（1）Lung function tests were normal at rest in patients with sarcoidosis（P＞0.05）, the single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased (P＜0.05)，and the small airway function decreased too (P＜0.05).（2）The percentage of lymphocytes in BALF of sarcoidosis increased comparing with the normal subjects（P＜0.01），and the ratio of CD+4 to CD+8 in BALF increased significantly in sarcoidosis（P ＜0.05）, furthermore, the increase of both the percentage of lymphocytes and the ratio of CD+4 to CD+8 in BALF of sarcoidosis were well nagatively correlated with the decrease of the percentage of DLCO (r=-0.67, P＜0.01 and r=-0.55, P＜0.05, respectively), the decrease of mid-expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (FEF50%) was well correlated with the increase of the percentage of lymphocytes in BALF of sarcoidosis (r=-0.54, P＜0.05). Conclusion：Pulmonary diffusing capacity（DLCO) was significently correlated with BALF lymphocyte phenotype，so was small airway function，and can act as the marker of activity of sarcoidosis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between clinical presentations and the findings of video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS)in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Methods A total of 56 consecutive patients with post-stroke dysphagia admitted to Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from June 2012 to May 2014 were enrolled. Four different kinds of food were selectively used to complete clinical assessment of swallowing function and VFSS respectively. The SPSS 20. 0 statistical software was used to perform univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses for all observed indexes of the 2 methods. Results there were significant correlations in the point correspondence relation among the clinical manifestations and VFSS in food residue in the mouth and abnormal closure of lips in the oral phase (95%CI 1. 430-101. 468;P=0. 022);poor soft palate elevation and food residue in the mouth (95%CI 1. 476-102. 033;P=0. 020);graded swallowing and piecemeal deglutition with delayed oral transit (95% CI 2. 616 -182. 897;P = 0. 004);tongue movement disorders,poor soft palate elevation and tongue dyskinesia with poor bolus formation (95%CI 1. 468-50. 795,1. 220-13. 825;P=0. 017,0. 023);food leak from the corner of mouth,dysphagia,bolus falling to the epiglottis from the base of tongue or trachea (95%CI 1. 146-125. 459,1. 657-174. 400;P=0.038,0. 017). The weakened pharyngeal reflex with weak laryngeal elevation in the pharyngeal phase (95%CI 1. 150-92. 815;P =0. 037);dysphagia and delayed swallowing with prolonged triggering of swallowing reflex (95%CI 2. 123-37. 770,1. 233-114. 176;P=0. 003,0. 032);graded swallowing,hard swallowing, choking sensation,and poor laryngeal elevation with prolonged pharyngeal transit (95%CI 1. 619-223. 316,1. 061-31. 445,2. 834 -132. 707;P =0. 019,0. 042,and 0. 003);dysphagia and the opening of cricopharyngeal muscle insufficiency (95%CI 1. 037 -24. 115;P =0. 045);weak laryngeal elevation,foreign body sensation in the throat,and choking after swallowing with food retention or residual in vallecula or pyriform sinus (95%CI 1. 046 -13. 685,1. 116 -87. 741;P =0. 043, 0.040);and coughing during swallowing and eating choking or aspiration (95%CI 0. 010-0. 921,0. 037-0. 826;P=0. 042,0. 028). Conclusion Some clinical manifestations are closely correlated with the swallowing dysfunction revealed by VFSS. With the help of this law,it may more simply and safely determine the degree and type of dysphagia in patients,and provide guidance for patients with dysphagia after stroke who can not accept VFSS in the rehabilitation treatment.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatiography (ERCP),ultrasonography (US) and CT scanning on cholagio-pancreatic diseases caused by clonorchis sinensis infection.Methods The results of US,CF and ERCP examination in 65 cases of obstructive jaundice caused by clonorchiasis and confirmed by presence of imagoes or eggs in feces or bile juice were analyzed and compared retrospectively.Results US examination was the simplest and most convenient which was characterized by diffuse even dilatation,thickening of walls,strengthened echo with the shape of“equal sign”intrahepatic bile ducts.The characteristic findings of CT included saccular dilatation of bile ducts of the periphery of the liver,thickening of the walls of bile ducts.Under duodenoscopy,32.3% (21/65) of cases presented as abnormal papilla such as small opening,mucosa outward turned,trapping or stiffness.Alterations in ERCP were characterized by shm or oval filling defect,diffuse saccular dilatation of terminal intrahepatic bile ducts.The most common complications included cholangiolithiasis (40%,26/65),carcinoma of bile duct on papilla (9.8%,6/65),and pancreatitis (1.5%,1/ 65).Conclusions Three methods were all useful for diagnosis of cholangio-pancreatic diseases caused by clonorchis sinensis infection,which were identically characterized by diffuse saccular dilatation of terminal intrahepatic bile ducts.The gold standard of diagnosis was the presence of imagoes or eggs in bile juice aspirated by the route of ERCP.Endoscopic sphincterectomy with postoperative vermifugal was the first choice of the treatment.

To breed a new yam cultivar of Dioscorea alata, the different and excellent germplasm resources were investigated within artificially cultivated population and some superior individuals, with a higher yield and medicinal properties, were selected. Considering results of the yield and medicinal properties during 2006-2013 cropping season, strains and lines were established and selected. As a result, the yield of the new developed cultivar (Wenshanyao No. 1, WSY01-1) reached 2217. 0 kg per 667 m2 (fresh weight) and 348.3 kg per 667 m2 (dry weight), and increased 23.8% and 23.9% comparing with control cultivars (landraces). Comparing with control cultivars, the level of polysaccharide, allantoin, and dioscin increased 36.9%, 48.3%, 20.9%, and reached 12.2%, 1.30%, 579.7 µg · g(-1), respectively. This result showed that the systematic selection method can significantly improve yield and medicinal properties of D. alata, and the developed " Wenshanyao No. 1" exhibits wide spreading prospects.
Allantoin ; analysis ; Breeding ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; Diosgenin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for treating HBeAg positive chron-ic hepatitis B virus(HBV)carriers with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome.Methods The patients with HBeAg and HBV DNA positive,normal serum ALT and AST for successive 3 times within 1-year follow up,complicating different degrees of symptoms were included.Among them,the patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome according to the TCM dif-ferentiation were selected as the treatment obj ects and treated by the prescription of soothing the liver,tonifying spleen and detoxifi-cation.The changes of clinical symptoms and HBV markers after 6-month therapy were observed and followed up for 3 months for evaluating the effect persistance.348 cases were recruited,161 cases in the control group and the other 187 cases in the treatment group.Treatment group underwent traditional Chinese medicine treatment.Results 168 cases finished the therapy with the total effective rate of 80.3%(135/168),6 cases were HBeAg negative conversion and 14 cases were HBV DNA decrease greater than or equal to 2 logarithmic grades;157 patients finished 3-month follow-up and the effective rate was 80.9%(127/157),4 cases were HBeAg negative conversion and 1 1 cases were HBV DNA decrease greater than or equal to 2 logarithmic grades.The curative effect of treatment group was higher than that of control group.Conclusion The TCM prescription of soothing the liver,tonifying spleen and detoxification has definite effect for treating HBeAg positive chronic HBV carriers with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome,the symptoms can be significantly improved.

OBJECTIVETo identify the mutation of C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) gene in a Chinese family with hereditary angioedema (HAE).

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to identify the mutation type. The sequencing results were compared with the normal sequences in GenBank to find the mutation. In order to exclude the polymorphism, 30 normal volunteers were analyzed.

RESULTSOne novel mutation (17839 del C) was detected in 5 patients with HAE. The mutation was not found in controls.

CONCLUSIONThe mutation of C1 INH gene (17839 del C) is identified in the family. Molecular diagnosis can be made by detecting the mutation.

Angioedema ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; genetics ; Complement C1 ; genetics ; Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins ; genetics ; Exons ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Sequence Deletion

Objective To explore the extent of lung injury induced by hyperoxia,and the activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) in pathophysiological progress of lung tissue in early stages.Methods Adopted completely random design,20 SD rats were divided into hyperoxia group and air control group.For the air control group,the oxygen concentration exiting the cages was analyzed with oxygen monitor and oxygen concentration remained at 210 mL/L for 72 hours;while in the hyperoxia group,the condition changed into high-density oxygen(950 mL/L) for 72 hours to estimate the hyperoxia lung injury in rats model.The contents linked morphology as pathological classification in gross finding,pathological score of lung injury and the index of pneumonedema-the ratio of moist to dry weight of lungs were mea-sured.The expressions of ubiquitin protein and the activity of proteasome 20 S and the active statement of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.Results 1.The hyperoxia lung injury rat model was successfully duplicated.2.In hyperoxia group,pulmonary edema with increased ratio of moist to dry weight of lungs could be found(P=0).3.Macroscopic observation: bright red and full-stacked lung tissue,foliated or local hemorrhage on the surface,but little pleural effusion was observed in hyperoxia group.There was statistical significance of pathological classification in gross finding between hyperoxia group and air control group(P=0.005).Light microscope observation:swelled alveolar epithelium,widened alveoli wall,capillary engorgement and telangiectasis,obvious edema in interstitial tissue of pulmonary aveolus and alveolar space,increased inflammatory cells were observed in hyperoxia group.The findings of pathological score of lung injury indicated more serious injure than control group(P=0).4.The increased expression of ubiquitin protein in lung tissue was discoved by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot findings after hyperoxia exposure 72 hours.(P=0).5.The acti-vity of proteasomes 20 S in hyperoxia group was higher than that in control group(P=0).Conclusions The mainly pathological changes of lung are generated through hyperoxic exposure for 72 hours,including alveolar epithelial cell and vascular endothelial cell injury diffusely,inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary edema.Active the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is connected with the pathophysiological process of lung injury in the initial stages of hyperoxia-exposure.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on p38 signaling pathway and apoptosis in lung injury induced by hyperoxia. Methods Twenty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group(n=5),MG-132 control group(n=5),hyperoxia group(n=8) and MG-132 hyperoxia group(n=8).Hyperoxia lung injury rat models were established,and proteasome inhibitor(0.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected in control group and MG-132 hyperoxia group once daily.The resected lungs were histopathologically examined,and cell apoptosis and expression of ubiquitin and p38 were detected by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results After hyperoxia exposure,there were edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues of SD rats.The apoptosis index and expression of p38MAPK of hyperoxia group were higher than those of normal control group and MG-132 hyperoxia group(P